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Physical Sciences From ancient times, humans have tried to understand the workings of the world around them. e roots of modern physical science go back to the very earliest mechanical devices such as levers and rollers, the mixing of paints and dyes, and the importance of the heavenly bodies in early religious observance and navigation. e physical sciences as we know them today began to emerge as independent academic subjects during the early modern period, in the work of Newton and other ‘natural philosophers’, and numerous sub-disciplines developed during the centuries that followed. is part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark publications in this area which will be of interest to historians of science concerned with individual scientists, particular discoveries, and advances in scientific method, or with the establishment and development of scientific institutions around the world. A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical Astronomy is handbook by George Frederick Chambers (1841–1915), a young and enthusiastic amateur astronomer, became a best-seller soon aſter its publication in 1861 and made Chambers’ reputation as a popular astronomy writer. e work is divided into ten parts covering the following topics: the planets of our solar system; eclipses; gravity and tides; phenomena including aberration and refraction; comets; chronological astronomy; stars; astronomical instruments; the history of astronomy; and meteoric astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting a wide variety of astronomical phenomena. Chambers went on to become one of the leading amateur astronomers of the nineteenth century. e usefulness and accessibility of his practical advice ensured that his published works became indispensable for thousands of less famous amateurs. e Handbook, reissued in many editions, remains his most popular work and is a key text in the history of Victorian popular astronomical writing. CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION Books of enduring scholarly value www.cambridge.org © in this web service Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical Astronomy George Frederick Chambers Frontmatter More information

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Page 1: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

Physical SciencesFrom ancient times, humans have tried to understand the workings of the world around them. The roots of modern physical science go back to the very earliest mechanical devices such as levers and rollers, the mixing of paints and dyes, and the importance of the heavenly bodies in early religious observance and navigation. The physical sciences as we know them today began to emerge as independent academic subjects during the early modern period, in the work of Newton and other ‘natural philosophers’, and numerous sub-disciplines developed during the centuries that followed. This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark publications in this area which will be of interest to historians of science concerned with individual scientists, particular discoveries, and advances in scientific method, or with the establishment and development of scientific institutions around the world.

A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyThis handbook by George Frederick Chambers (1841–1915), a young and enthusiastic amateur astronomer, became a best-seller soon after its publication in 1861 and made Chambers’ reputation as a popular astronomy writer. The work is divided into ten parts covering the following topics: the planets of our solar system; eclipses; gravity and tides; phenomena including aberration and refraction; comets; chronological astronomy; stars; astronomical instruments; the history of astronomy; and meteoric astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting a wide variety of astronomical phenomena. Chambers went on to become one of the leading amateur astronomers of the nineteenth century. The usefulness and accessibility of his practical advice ensured that his published works became indispensable for thousands of less famous amateurs. The Handbook,reissued in many editions, remains his most popular work and is a key text in the history of Victorian popular astronomical writing.

C A M B R I D G E L I B R A R Y C O L L E C T I O NBooks of enduring scholarly value

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 2: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

Cambridge University Press has long been a pioneer in the reissuing of out-of-print titles from its own backlist, producing digital reprints of books that are still sought after by scholars and students but could not be reprinted economically using traditional technology. The Cambridge Library Collection extends this activity to a wider range of books which are still of importance to researchers and professionals, either for the source material they contain, or as landmarks in the history of their academic discipline.

Drawing from the world-renowned collections in the Cambridge University Library, and guided by the advice of experts in each subject area, Cambridge University Press is using state-of-the-art scanning machines in its own Printing House to capture the content of each book selected for inclusion. The files are processed to give a consistently clear, crisp image, and the books finished to the high quality standard for which the Press is recognised around the world. The latest print-on-demand technology ensures that the books will remain available indefinitely, and that orders for single or multiple copies can quickly be supplied.

The Cambridge Library Collection will bring back to life books of enduring scholarly value (including out-of-copyright works originally issued by other publishers) across a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences and in science and technology.

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 3: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

A Handbook of Descriptive and

Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick Chambers

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 4: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

CAMBRID GE UNIVERSIT Y PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108014755

© in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010

This edition first published 1861This digitally printed version 2010

ISBN 978-1-108-01475-5 Paperback

This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated.

Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or

with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 5: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 6: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 7: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 8: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 9: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 10: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 11: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 12: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 13: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 14: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 15: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 16: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 17: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 18: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 19: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 20: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 21: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 22: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 23: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 24: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 25: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 26: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 27: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 28: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 29: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information

Page 30: CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION · This part of the Cambridge Library Collection is devoted to landmark ... astronomy. It is richly illustrated with photographs and woodcuts depicting

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-01475-5 - A Handbook of Descriptive and Practical AstronomyGeorge Frederick ChambersFrontmatterMore information