Cambridge Technicals Level 3 Health and Social Care Lesson ... · Web viewWhen distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will

Lesson Element

Unit 4: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care

LO1: Understand the cardiovascular system, malfunctions and their impact on individuals

The Heart

Instructions and answers for tutors

These instructions cover the learner activity section which can be found on page 5. This Lesson Element supports Cambridge Technicals Level 3 in Health and Social Care.

When distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will need to remove the tutor instructions section.

The activityIn this Lesson Element the learners are tasked with understanding the structure of the heart, its key components and their functions.

Suggested timing1 hour

Version 2 1 © OCR 2017

WORK – This activity offers an opportunity for work experience.

ABC – This activity offers an opportunity for English skills development.

123 – This activity offers an opportunity for maths skills development.

Activity 1Ask learners to look at the diagram of the heart.

Explain that by completing this activity they will be able to reflect their knowledge of the structure of the heart by providing details about each of the key components of the heart, including their specific functions.

Explain that their findings will be presented in a table format (Table 1). During your explanation draw learners’ attention to the components that have been identified in the left hand column of the table.

Guide learners by explaining that descriptions must include a few sentences rather than a few words or bullet points.

Heart component Description Function

Arteries Blood vessels that consist of muscle and tissue. They have three layers: the inner layer called the intima that contains tissue, the middle layer called the media that is made up of muscle and the outer layer called the adventitia that also consists of tissue.

Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood rich in oxygen away from the heart.

Aorta The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It is connected to the heart’s left ventricle.

It carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery is connected to the bottom of the heart’s right ventricle. It branches into left and right pulmonary arteries that then extend into the left and right lungs.

The artery that carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Pulmonary veins There are four pulmonary veins that extend from the left atrium to the lungs: the right superior, the right inferior, the left superior, and the left inferior.

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Left atrium The heart is divided into four chambers; the upper two heart chambers are called atria and are divided into a left and right atrium.

The left atrium receives blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins.

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle.



Left ventricle The heart is divided into four chambers; the lower two heart chambers are called ventricles and are divided into a left and right ventricle.

The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aorta.

Purkinje (or Purkyne) fibres

The Purkinje fibres are muscle fibres located at the base of the heart and extending from the atrioventricular bundles of fibres.

Transmit impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and cause them to contract.

Septum The septum of the heart contains the atrioventricular bundle of fibres through which cardiac impulses are carried down the septum to the ventricles of the heart.

The septum separates the lower chambers of the heart into the left ventricle and the right ventricle.

Inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava is one of the largest veins in the body. It is located in the lower back.

Returns de-oxygenated blood from the legs, back, abdomen and pelvis to the right atrium.

Right ventricle The heart is divided into four chambers; the lower two heart chambers are called ventricles and are divided into a left and right ventricle.

Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the main pulmonary artery.

Tricuspid valve The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart.

Prevents blood flow back into the right atrium of the heart.

Right atrium The heart is divided into four chambers; the upper two heart chambers are called atria and are divided into a left and right atrium.

The right atrium receives blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior venae cavae.

Atrioventricular node

The atrioventricular (AV) node consists of tissue and is located near the bottom of the right atrium.

It sends impulses to the atrioventricular bundles of fibres and slows down impulses from the sinoatrial node to allow the atria of the heart to contract.

Pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins are blood vessels. There are four pulmonary veins: the right superior, right inferior, left superior, and left inferior.

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

The sinoatrial node is often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart and is located in the upper part of the heart’s right

It helps to control the heart rate by sending impulses through the heart muscle.



atrium.Superior vena cava

The superior vena cava is one of the largest veins in the body. It is located in the upper chest.

The superior vena cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the head, neck, arm and chest to the right atrium.

Inform learners that as well as written accounts they may like to use pictures and diagrams to illustrate their descriptions for each component.

Tutors will find the ‘key terms’ section of the Delivery Guide that accompanies this unit a useful resource for referencing the key components of the heart.


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Lesson Element

Unit 4: Anatomy and physiology for health and social care

LO1: Understand the cardiovascular system, malfunctions and their impact on individuals

Learner ActivityThe HeartYour heart, blood and blood vessels together make up your body’s cardiovascular system. You are going to complete one activity regarding a description of the key components of the heart including their locations and functions.

Activity 1Each day your heart beats about 100,000 times to keep you alive.

Overleaf is a diagram of a heart.

For each component identified in the diagram you must provide details (in Table 1) about what it is and what it does. Include this information in the column headed ‘Description’.

You must then also detail for each component why it is important and what its function is. Include this information in the column headed ‘Function’.





Table 1Heart component Description Function

Arteries

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins

Left atrium




Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Left ventricle

Purkinje (or Purkyne) fibres

Septum

Inferior vena cava




Right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Right atrium

Atrioventricular node

Pulmonary veins




Sinoatrial node

Superior vena cava


Documents

Cambridge Technicals Level 3 Health and Social Care Lesson ... · Web viewWhen distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will