Campus of the future - ULisboajornadaspedagogicas.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/files/sites/48/... · 2014-04-03 · classrooms, library, offices, ... for buildings global competition in attracting

Alexandra)den)Heijer) March)27,)2014)6)IST,)Lisboa)

h>p://www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl) 1)

Lisbon,)Portugal)–)InsLtuto)Superior)Técnic)(IST))March)27,)2014)

Campus of the future Opportunities of a crisis

Dr. ir. Alexandra den Heijer

associate professor Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands

hand-out of this presentation: http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl/

downloads

CONTENT 1.  Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)

2.  Trends that shape the campus of the future (REFERENCES)

3.  Opportunities of a crisis – case BK city (PRACTICE)

4.  Design guidelines (STRATEGY)

CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&&))1.  Each)university)goal)can)be)frustrated)by)the)physical)campus.)

As#instalações#do#campus#podem#afectar#os##objec6vos#da#universidade.#

2.  The)innovaLve)and)flexible)knowledge)economy)can)bring)new)life)to)obsolete)industrial)heritage)buildings.)A#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é#inovadora#e#flexível#pode#trazer#uma#nova#vida#aos#edi@cios#obsoletos#de#herança#industrial#

3.  It)takes)a)crisis)–)for)example)a)fire)–)to)change)the)academic)workplace.))É)necessário)uma)crise6)por)exemplo)um)fogo6)para)alterar)as)instalações)académicas.)

)4. )The)campus)of)the)future)is)a)city.)O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidad.#


PHYSICAL definition of “campus”

city city

campus

campus

city buildings

buildings

buildings

buildings

the)“campus”)is)defined)as)the)(collecLon)of))buildings)and)land,)used)for)university)or)university6related)funcLons))



FUNCTIONAL definition of “campus”

ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &

RESEARCH

RETAIL & LEISURE

RELATED BUSINESS

RESIDENTIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

•  ACADEMIC classrooms, library, offices, laboratories, lecture halls, ...

•  RESIDENTIAL student housing, hotels, ...

•  RELATED BUSINESS start-ups, incubators, industry, ...

•  RETAIL & LEISURE sports, restaurants, cafes, ...

•  INFRASTRUCTURE

The campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”

good#facili6es#can#aCract#talent#

bad#facili6es#can#chase#them#away…##

Why study abroad? Reasons (not) to go)

reasons&to&go&

1.  academic)reputaLon ) )25%)6)professors,)programme,))teaching)method,)rankings)))))

2.  country)/)city)/)culture )24%))))

3.  career)development ) )18%)6)employability,)learning)the)language,))personal/intercultural)relaLons)))))

4.  university)services ) )17%)5.  social)life ) ) ) )11%)

6)quality)of)life,)friends,)love))

reasons&not&to&go&

1.  academic)reputaLon ) ) )58%)6)English)language)skills)of)staff,))workload)

2.  city)/)culture) ) ) ) )18%)6)lack)of)integraLon)

3.  social)life ) ) ) ) )10%)6)lack)of)organised)events)

4.  university)services ) ) )10%)

source:)European)study)choice)plaaorm)“Study)Portals”)(2012))

proposition (PhD defence)

Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus

As instalações do campus podem afectar

os objectivos da universidade.

The campus is a key asset in “the Battle for Brains”

for global competition in attracting talent

for productivity – workplace for student / staff of the future for profitability – finding most effective way to spend budget

for sustainable development – m2 / user

city

campus

History of the campus and the city

city

campus

city buildings

buildings

buildings

buildings

1.  - until 1930 - small, elite universities - campus = city

2.  - between 1950s and 1990s - explosive growth, safety laboratories - move to the edge of town

city buildings

buildings

campus

buildings

3.  - around 2000 - city has surrounded the campus - what’s next?

4.  - 21st century - (a) merge campus and city? - (b) campus as new city?

source: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer, 2011)



0 5 10km

Amsterdam

Enschede

Eindhoven

DelftGroningen Nijmegen

Maastricht Leiden

Tilburg RotterdamWageningenUtrecht

source:)Harald)Mooij)

2 IMBE research area | RE&H | TU Delft

“Physical proximity allows social density and therefore, it increases the chances of intellectual

and/or social interaction between people. Indeed, these chances depends not only on the type of

activities allocated in a place and the people they involve, but also depends on the way both people

and activities are accommodated in the built environment”

“Technology campuses are planned, clustered and (quasi-)isolated built environments. In fact, there is no

evidence that supports these characteristics of the built environment enhance research activity. However, their

existence supports there are reasons to believe they do”

“Despite globalisation trends, physical proximity is believed to facilitate the flows of tacit knowledge and it is

actively encouraged in campuses’ strategies”

palo alto, usa eindhoven,nl

ithaca, usa

enschede,nl

cambridge, uk daejeon, kr

singapore, sg tsukuba, jp cambridge/boston, usa

espoo/helsinki, fi hsinchu, tw

beijing, cn

sendai, jp

berlin, de

shenzhen, cn

coimbra, pt

sittard-Geleen, nl

taichung, tw

amsterdam, nllisbon, pt

grenoble, fr

barcelona, es

tainan, tw

aachen, de

bremen, decottbus, dekansai/kyoto, jp

shanghai, cn

leiden, nl perth, au

côte d’azur, fr

novosibirsk, ru

munich,de

the triangle, usa zurich, ch

delft, nl

guildford, uk

Flavia)Curvelo)Magdaniel)–)see)h>p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl)(tag)“Flavia”))

Problems internationally shared The European campus is a key asset in “the (global) Battle for Brains”)

European)campus)as)an)enabler)for)Europe)2020&

1.  UniversiLes)as)economic)growth)engines:)“place)ma>ers”)

2.  Europe’s)knowledge)economy)accommodated)in)cultural)heritage)buildings)

3.  European)“univer6ciLes”)are)considered)a>racLve)places)to)live,)work,)be...)

European)campus)as)a)disabler)for)Europe)2020&

1.  >)50%)from)1960s/70s)2.  bad)funcLonal)/)technical)state:)

reinvestments)required)3.  low)uLlizaLon)rates:)high)

vacancy)rates)of)offices,)laboratories,)classrooms)

4.  campus)10615%)of)total)costs)5.  negaLvely)affects)“financial)

sustainability”)of)universiLes)

ERAC)network,)Brussels)October)22,)2013)Alexandra#den#Heijer#

Radical change working population in OECD countries

(%))

services&

industry&

knowledge&

0)

25)

50)

75)

100)

1800) 1850) 1900) 1950) 2000)

agriculture&

Year)

!  Where technology campuses are)located, innovation takes place !  Relation economic growth and presence (top-ranked) university

North)America)

Asia6Pacific)

Europe)

UniversiLes)as)urban)growth)engines)

more)info:)researcher)Flavia)Curvelo)Magdaniel)–)see)h>p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl))



Technical)condiLon)campus)potenLal)risk)

Netherlands& France&

! Physical))

Total)Built)Surfaces)GFA) ) 18.600.000)m2)Owned)by)the)state) ) 82%)Land) ) ) ) 5.950)ha))University)Real)Estate)Condition)Required(intervention(expressed(as(a(%(of(replacement(cost(|20%,(40%,(60%,(80%,(100%()))!

!

33%

32%

21%

10%4%

!

Grade %)of)m2A 33%B 32%C 21%D 10%E 4%

11%

30%

22%

22%

11%4%

excellentgoodreasonablemoderatebadvery bad

37%)*)4,4)mln)=)1,7)mln)m2)needs)reinvestment)in)NL)

35%)*)18,6)mln)=)6,5)mln)m2)needs)reinvestment)in)France)



BRIEF for the campus of the future


RESEARCH

RETAIL & LEISURE

RELATED BUSINESS

RESIDENTIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE



•  RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry, ...




RESEARCH

RETAIL & LEISURE

RELATED BUSINESS

RESIDENTIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

Academic: education & research Space types on campus, example NL sanitary

3% storage10%

special storage2%

office33%

support10%

restaurant4%

education16%

specific, incl. laboratories

21%

residential1%



John 1,0 Dion 0,8

Gerard 1,0 (0,8)

Fred 1,0 Loes 0,6

Eva-C. 1,0

Monika 0,3 + Fridjof 0,4 (+)

Barbara 0,8

Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0 Guido 1,0

Jeroen B. 0,8

Marie-Therese 0,4 Andre 0,6

Everaert 0,5

Koos 1,0 (0,8)

SECRETARIAAT - Angie

- Anuschka - Laura

- Shanti

Ceciel 0,9

Marja 0,8 Jildou 0,9

“Cellular office symbolic for cellular research”

MSc-lab

MSc-lab - 50%

Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0 Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0

Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0 Rein dG 0,4 Casper 0,2 Stojanovic

Hans W. 0,8

Ada 0,8

Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing Management

Wout 1,0 (0,8) Ineke 0,6

“on a busy day: less than 20% of the desks

is occupied”

source: various utilization studies

Campus of the future: - changing the academic workplace " space use < 20% of workplaces used

Campus of the future: - transparency of processes to inspire and learn from each other

Campus of the future: - transparency of processes: to support image of faculties and university

Campus of the future: - sustainable solutions -  CO2 neutral campus (photo: Wageningen)

Campus of the future: - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities



Campus of the future: - intensive and flexible use of high quality facilities

SLmulate)social)interacLon)&)intellectual)interacLon)

From literature: what generates innovation?)

1.  Interaction – between academic ‘acquaintances’ from different scientific backgrounds – is better than ‘academic friends’ or ‘academic family’ (analogy: genetics)

2.  Serendipity as innovation motor – new ideas by accident, unplanned interaction

3.  The physical presence of people relevant to universities – ‘meeting of minds’

4.  “No clicks without bricks” – no world-class university can be entirely virtual

5.  Informal meetings: build trust (biology matters) – (espresso) bars, public space, social media contribute to that

6.  Importance of place attachment " 2nd home for international community – ‘feeling at home’ will make knowledge workers stay (1st house, 1st child)

more)info:)researcher)Salome)BenLnck)–)see)h>p://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl))

photos: DUWO

Community)building)

student housing

student / PhD housing – new life for old building (photo DUWO)



2. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life

to obsolete (industrial) heritage buildings.

A#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é#inovadora#e#flexível##pode#trazer#uma#nova#vida#aos#edi@cios#obsoletos##

de#herança#industrial

Campus of the future: - more quality, less quantity - new life for old buildings (photo: Maastricht)

Campus of the future: “univer-city”

(photo Groningen) InternaLonal)references:)

6 )Heidelberg)6 )Uppsala)6 )Sorbonne)/)Paris)6 )Glasgow)6 )Gent)

Uppsala,)Sweden)

Paris,)France) Heidelberg,)Germany)

Glasgow,)UK)

Campus of the future: - creating the place to meet (photo: Delft)

Private)")Public)space)



Campussen of clusters

luchtfoto campus CONTENT 1.  Vision on managing the university campus (THEORY)



3. It takes a crisis – for instance a fire – to change the academic workplace

#É)necessário)uma)crise)6)por)exemplo)um)fogo)–)para))

alterar)as)instalações)académicas.

FIRE)–)foto’s)



Movie&1&–&“The&unforgeCable&fire”&

Teletekst)–)bezoek)minister)

Emergency&&management&&

<&3&days&&aJer&the&fire&

Found a ‘new’ building within 10 days

sustainable = re-use

luchtfoto gebouw

ASSIGNMENT: relocate 3300 students and > 800 employees DEADLINE: renovate 32.000 m2< 6 months + new construction 4.000 m2 < next 6 months



Foto’s bezoek Julianalaan

luchaoto)gebouw)

Phase&1&K&EAST:&)16.000)m2)gfa)in)use)September)2008)

Phase&2&K&WEST:&)16.000)m2)gfa)in)use)November)2008)

Phase&3&–&GLASS&HOUSES:&)4.000)m2)gfa)new)in)use)May)2009)

Undergraduates < 4 months after fire Project ready < 1 year

Challenge the future Delft University of Technology

42.000 m2

32.000 m2 Design the building as a city – reduce footprint (-15%), more shared / public space



• Glass house 1




4.  Design guidelines (STRATEGY)

GOALS ORGANISATION 1.  Community building 2.  More effective support of

education, research & management

3.  Creating the place to meet 4.  Stimulate social interaction

& intellectual interaction 5.  Flexible use of facilities 6.  Sustainable

Private " Public space Contextual Concept: Connectivity and variety

Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&place&(interior&design)&

La Chaise&Screen,Charles&Ray Eames, 1948

Armchair, Ib Kofod-Lar-sen, ± 1950

LCM, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 LCW, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 Stool 60, Alvar Aalto,1933

Low Table Set, Frank Gehry,1972

LTR Table, Charles&RayEames, 1950

Revolt chair, Friso Kramer,1953

MedaMorph, Alberto Meda,2006

MedaPro+, Alberto Meda,1998

Chair, W.H. Gispen, 1929-1930

Metal Side Table,Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec,

Daybed, George Nelson, 1948 Nelson Tables, GeorgeNelson, 1960

Chair, unknown,1900-1910

EA108, Charles&Ray Eames,1958

Folding chair Dafne, RinaldiGastone, 1980

EA124, Charles&Ray Eames,1958

Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi,1954

Armchair, G. Th Rietveld,1927

Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl,1904

EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950

Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, 1946-1948 Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 200244 45

source: BK city guide – see http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/bkcity - photos & furniture by VITRA - http://www.vitra.com

Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&place&(cultural&heritage)&



Reducing&m2,&but&improving…&&& & &Quality&of&life&(campus&&&city)&

the academic workplace place building city

TRADE-OFF one territorial office workplace many non-territorial places

4. The campus of the future is a city

O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidade.

“campus of the future”


RESEARCH

RETAIL & LEISURE

RELATED BUSINESS

RESIDENTIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE



•  RELATED BUSINESS incubators, industry, ...



campus strategy “to share or not to be…”

ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual

world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions

ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS • EDUCATION & RESEARCH

RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS

RETAIL & LEISURE FUNCTIONS

RELATED BUSINESS FUNCTIONS

INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS

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STUDIO space Sept 1, 2008 Sept 4, 2008

Sept 18, 2008 Sept 18, 2008



Studio)space)

6 )student)back)at)the)faculty)6 )6)m2)usable)per)workplace))6 ")became)less)auer)decision)process))6 )tables)are)assigned)to)groups)of)students))per)semester)(no)permanent)territory))6 )smart)use)of)space)(by)smart)scheduling))

CREATE)“HOME)AWAY)FROM)HOME”)

Library:)quiet)place)to)study)foto)Arie)Graafland)

foto)Oranje)tribune)+)Lensveld)prijs?)

Changing)the)academic)office) Office)space)

6 )no)individual)territory)6 )12)m2)usable)per)ue))")became)more)auer)design)process)6 )acLvity)related)concept))a.  SILENT)ROOMS)b.  LIVING)ROOMS)c.  MEETING)ROOMS)

6)formal)/)informal)d.  TEAM)OFFICES)



students)and)academic)staff)sharing)workspace)"))reducing)the)footprint,)improving)interacLon)

Public)space)

•  usable)space)in)corridors)for)informal)meeLngs)and)work)

Public space: design a building like in a city Restaurants)&)bars)

Changing the academic workplace

•  from private to more public space

•  from office space to a multifunctional working environment

•  from individual to shared - “to share or not to be…”

•  is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city •  trading quantity (per user) for quality of the working environment

•  from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season

•  increasingly paperless (paper determines territory…)



CONTENT&/&Proposi.ons&&))1.  Each)university)goal)can)be)frustrated)by)the)physical)campus.)

As#instalações#do#campus#podem#afectar#os##objec6vos#da#universidade.#

2.  The)innovaLve)and)flexible)knowledge)economy)can)bring)new)life)to)obsolete)industrial)heritage)buildings.)A#economia#de#conhecimento#que#é#inovadora#e#flexível#pode#trazer#uma#nova#vida#aos#edi@cios#obsoletos#de#herança#industrial#

3.  It)takes)a)crisis)–)for)example)a)fire)–)to)change)the)academic)workplace.))É)necessário)uma)crise6)por)exemplo)um)fogo6)para)alterar)as)instalações)académicas.)

)4. )The)campus)of)the)future)is)a)city.)O#campus#do#futuro#é#uma#cidad.#

The campus of the future is a city The city of the future is a campus (univer-city)

1.  use heritage for branding – students* become tourists 2.  reduce the footprint – densily populated areas contribute to innovation 3.  less private, more public use of space – showcase, open, 24/7 access 4.  ‘urban meeting rooms’ – to merge urban and university communities 5.  regional alignment – planning in a public-private network

* and other knowledge workers)

THEORIES&&&FRAMEWORKS)1.  Convince)policy)makers)of)role)campus)in)performance)university.))AFTER&OUR&FIRE:&BK&CITY)2. )Never)waste)a)good)crisis.)&NEW&CONCEPTS&TESTED&3.) )Use)European)heritage)buildings)as)a)compeLLve)advantage.))STRATEGIC&CHOICES&4. )Use)European)historical)inner)ciLes)and)collecLve)qualiLes)as)a)

compeLLve)advantage)–)to)share)or)not)to)be)&

SHARING&KNOWLEDGE&IN&EUROPEAN&NETWORKS&&

Follow me on Twitter: @alexandra_dh

More about the book and research “Managing the university campus”:

http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl

(see DOWNLOADS for hand-out)

Movie&2&–&“The&making&of&BK&city”&

Documents

Campus of the future - ULisboajornadaspedagogicas.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/files/sites/48/... · 2014-04-03 · classrooms, library, offices, ... for buildings global competition in attracting