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Campylobacter Status quo on European level
Uppsala, EURL-Campylobacter
Workshop 02.10.2012
Klaus Kostenzer, END
European Commission, DG SANCO, G4
EU – baselinestudy in 2008
• based on Reg. (EC) No 2007/516
• broilers flocks and carcases
• objectives:
• 'baseline' prevalence in all MSs in broiler flocks (caeca content) and on carcases (neck-/breastskin)
• Quantified information about carcase contamination
• extent: 10.132 flocks in 561 slaughterhouses in 26 EU MSs (plus NO&CH)
Risk factors
Positive flock results 30x more probable in a positive carcase
Positive flock results in higher contamination of carcase
Contamination risk differs within MSs and slaughterhouses
Risk assessments of EFSA
• Background:
• EFSA: Scientific opinion on Campylobacter in animals
and food; 2005
• EU-baselinestudy; 2008
• EFSA: Scientific Opinion on Quantification of the risk posed by broiler meat to human campylobacteriosis in the EU; 2010
• Report: A quantitative microbiological risk assessment of Campylobacter in the broiler meat chain; 2011
Legal base for possible targets or criteria given in Reg. (EC) No 2160/2003 and hygiene package (incl. Reg. (EC) No 2073/2005)
Mandate to EFSA:
1. Contribution of broiler-meat to human campylobakteriosis
2. Identification and ranking of possible control options 3. Proposals for potential performance objectives and/or
targets at different stages of the food chain in order to obtain e.g. 50 and 90% reduction of human disease
• Focus was set on primary production, transport, slaughter.
Retail and consumers were excluded.
• Scientific Opinion on Campylobacter in broiler meat production: control options and performance objectives and/or targets at different stages of the food chain (EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2105)
Selected interventions
• Biosecurity
• Fly screens
• Discontinued thinning
• Reduction of slaughter age
• Reducing colonization
• Decontamination
• Scheduled slaughter
Estimated effect of interventions
• „CAMO“-model developed
• Data sources: EU-wide baseline survey and CSR of 2008
Peer-reviewed literature
Expert opinion
• Intervention analysis run for four countries
• Output: relative reduction of human cases attributable to broiler meat
Performance indicators
• Targets
• Specific model (CamPrev):
expected risk reduction if BFP reached a target of 50, 25, 10, 5, 1%, or 0%
• Microbiological criteria
• Specific model (CAMC)
• EU baseline survey data
• The percentage of batches not complying with the criterion (BNMC) is calculated to evaluate the public health impact of a MC
Limitations
• Local (slaughter-house) situation and practices not taken into account
• Unclear correlation between faecal or caecal samples, skin samples and meat products
• Diagnostic sensitivities of both tests varied significantly between Member States
• Campylobacter strains and variants were assumed to have identical properties
• Many data gaps
• e.g. slaughterhouse variability, effect of interventions, consumer behaviour, dose response, effects of immunity
General conclusions
• Approximately 9 million cases per year in the EU
• Estimated disease burden is 0.35 million DALYs per year and total annual costs are 2.4 billion €
• Handling, preparation and consumption of broiler meat may account for 20 - 30% of human cases, while 50 - 80% may be attributed to the chicken reservoir as a whole.
• The public health benefits of controlling Campylobacter in primary broiler production are expected to be greater than control later in the chain
Interventions (1) primary production
Results of QMRA based on data from four countries:
• Linear relationship between prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks and public health risk
• Biosecurity measures are essential to prevent flock colonization
• The rigorous and continuous application of strict biosecurity measures that is necessary to prevent Campylobacter from entering the broiler house is mostly not achieved in the EU
• Colonization with Campylobacter of flocks with outdoor access is very likely to occur
Interventions (2) primary production
50-90% risk reduction by an equivalent reduction of flock prevalence through e.g. fly screens (based on 1 MS)
Up to 50% risk reduction by modifications of primary production:
• restriction of slaughter age to a max 28 days (only indoor flocks)
• discontinued thinning.
Interventions (3) slaughter
• 100% risk reduction by reduction of carcass concentration by > 6 log10 units
• Which can be achieved by irradiation/cooking
• More than 90% risk reduction by reduction of carcass concentrations by > 2 log10 units,
• which can be achieved by freezing for 2-3 weeks or reduction of the concentration in intestines at slaughter by > 3 log units;
• 50-90% risk reduction by reduction of carcass concentrations by 1-2 log10 units,
• which can be achieved by freezing for 2-3 days, hot water or chemical carcass decontamination with lactic acid, acidified sodium chlorite or trisodium phosphate
Targets (1) Flocks
25% resp. 5% flock prevalence
= 50% resp. 90% risk reduction
The realistic time period needed to obtain reductions will differ between countries.
It is not realistic to consider targets for
flocks with outdoor access.
Targets (2) Microcriteria
< 1000 resp. < 500 cfu/g skin
=
>50% resp. >90% risk reduction
• EU-wide 15-45% of all slaughter batches not conform (refers to data from baselinestudy)
Food category
Micro-organisms
n c m M Analytical reference method
Stage where the criterion applies
Action in case of unsatisfactory results
Poultry
carcases
of
broilers
Campy
lobacter
ISO/TS
10272-2 (for
enumeration)
Carcases
after
chilling
Improvements in
slaughter hygiene
and review of process
controls, origin of
animals and
biosecurity measures
in the farms of origin
Example PHC
Status quo
• cost-benefit-analysis to be discussed
• EC-Proposal on PHC postponed
• Revision of meat inspection in poultry • EFSA opinion published
• Scientific framework program of DG Research
• Discussion with MSs
Weblinks
• EC http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/index_en.htm
• FVO http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/index_en.cfm
• EFSA http://www.efsa.europa.eu/
• RASFF http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm
• ECDC http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/Pages/home.aspx
• EURL Campylobacter • http://www.sva.se/en/About-SVA/EURL---campylobacter/