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Cn bn thc hnh

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Ni dung trong ny phn ln ch yu dch t ti liu ting Nht "30ngy c th hon tt kha hc_My nh 35mm SLR " ca tc gi Susumu Morimura. Nh xut bn GAKKEN Nht bn.

Hc tng bc da trn cn bn.

Khi my AF SLR xut hin th vic chp nh tr nn n gin. S th v ca ngi chp nh tng ln. Nhng ni tham quan, thng cnh ni ting by gi rt nhiu du khch n tham quan vi my nh trn tay.Nhng khng c ngha l bn c th chp c mt tm nh p mt cch n gin. Cc bc nh thng c chp khng ng nh mt bn thy. Khi chp nh trong lng bn rt l thch th nhng a s ngi li tht vng khi thy kt qu nhng tm nh mnh chp. Chnh xc l Chp cc lc, xem a ngc. S sai bit phn ln l do ngi chp cha c nhiu kinh nghim.

Nhng tnh nng tin tin ca my nh cng khng phi l p ng c ci khoi cm ca ngi chp nh.S th v chnh l khi bn c th t c mt kt qu va nh d tnh. V nhng kin thc c s k thut chp nh l yu t khng th thiu.Nh my nh AF SLR, khng hc tp nhng i khi cng bt ng c c nhng bc nh kh hay. Nhng nu nh th th bn thn ngi chp khng thu thp c nhng kin thc hay k thut cn thit cho mnh. C l chng ta khng nn ngh rng ch n thun vui v vi s th v l .

chp nh, chc chn trc tin phi nm vng k nng c bn. Cm trong tay mt ci my nh t tin no bn khng th thao tc ngay c nhng tn nng ca my v ci cm gic vui thch khi chp nh ca bn s b gim i. Cc bn khng nn hc tp theo suy ngh Khng cn hc , chp nhiu th cng s bit.

Ni dung sau y gm 30 phn tng ng ng vi 30 ngy hc tp bao gm nhng kin thc v k thut chp nh cn bn gip bn c th bt u chp nh. im chnh cn lu l lun lun nm vng tng bc mt. Phi hiu v nm vng vn trc xong mi bc sang k tip.Th rng xem i xem li mt vn cho n khi nm vng, ch ng vi vng v phi kt thc xong trong 30 ngy.

Nu bn mun tr thnh mt nhip nh gia chuyn nghip th khng ch 30 ngy hay 300 ngy... m c th lu hn na. D th no i na th phi rn luyn lin tc.Nu lm nh th th thc lc ca bn s tng ln thc s, con ng sng tc ca bn s ngy cng rng m.

Thc hnh tng bc mt da trn c s cn bn, bn s cm nhn c s th v ca vic chp nh y c th xem l qui tc thp ca vic hc chp nh

c sa bi asahinguyen lc 05:18 PM ngy 15-03-2010

Mua my_ Cch la chn my cho nhng ngi bt u chi nh

c trng ca my nh SLR :

ng knh c th thay i c. S khc bit ln nht ca my SLR v my compact l c th thay i c ng knh. C nhiu loi ng knh dng cho my SLR ca ca cc nhn hiu khc nhau rt phong ph. My compact tuy c loi i km ng knh zoom nhng nhng hn ch ca n vn l iu ng nhin. c th chn la c ng knh thch hp cho bn chp nh th my nh SLR l thch hp nht.

Thy nh chp qua finder. ng ngm ca my compact khng ng khung hnh nh ng nh ta thy khi ngm. Vi my SLR th hnh nh in ln film ging nh ta thy qua ng ngm nn bn khng phi lo lng nhiu.

My chp nh AF SLR cn thit cho ngi chi nh

Ln u tin bt u ngh n chuyn chp nh th bn khng th khng tnh n chuyn chn cho mnh mt ci my nh thch hp. Ngoi ci my nh chp mt ln hay ci my nh compact, c mt kiu my gi l SLR . Loi my ny thm ch c c nhng ngi chp nh chuyn nghip s dng n. y l ci my nh ph hp cho nhng ngi chi nh nghip d.

Vy th so vi my chp nh compact th my chp SLR khc nhau nh th no?

Trc ht l ng knh c th thay i c hay ni cch khc l ng knh c th tho ri c. C loi ng knh gip bn chp nhng vt xa, hay c loi ng knh chp cnh rng ni chung c rt nhiu loi ng knh ph hp vi nhng mc ch chp khc nhau bn chn la. V th m my chp SLR c thit k thay i ng knh c.

Cn na, khi nhn vo ng ngm th hinh nh m bn chp c cng s ging nh bn nhn thy. Vi my compact th khng nh th.

Ln u tin mua my chp_My AF SLR trung cp.

My chp AF SLR l my dnh cho ngi mi bt u chp nh khi cha hiu bit nhiu v khng mun tht bi, mt chic my nh tin li. My chp AF SLR c rt nhiu loi, ln u tin la my bn c th b lc trong rng my AF SLR.

Trc tin bn phi phn bit c my ph cp, trung cp v cao cp. My ph cp l loi my r tin, khi k nng ca bn c nng ln th ngay lp tc bn s cm thy chic my ny khng cn p ng nhng nhu cu ca bn. Vi chic my cao cp c thit k cho cc tay nh chuyn nghip, p ng c tn s s dng cao v nhng i hi khc khe. ng nhin nhng chic my nh ny s to, nng v na l cc tnh nng ca my rt phc tp. i vi nhng bn mi chi my th y khng phi l mt chic my nh ti u.

My dng trung cp vi nhng tnh nng m n c, c th ni l i th ca my cao cp. Trng lng nh, tnh nng thao tc n gin hn. C th ni y l loi my thch hp nht cho ngi mi bt u chi nh nghip d chn la.

Sau khi chn la c loi my th bn chn bc k tip l chn hng sn xut hay nhn hiu my. Mi mt hng my s c mt loi khp gi khc nhau cho ng knh, ng knh dng cho my ny th khng dng cho my kia. V th chn cho mnh mt nhn hiu l iu rt quan trng. Hy nghin cu k cc catologe, tham kho ngi bn. Ch quyt nh khi xem xt k.

Tiu chun chn chic Zoom Lens u tin

By gi bn s chn la mt ng knh cho ci body my nh va chn.

ng knh cng c nhiu loi. Trc ht bn s c khi nim v di tiu c ng knh. di tiu c lun c ghi trn mi ng knh nh 24mm, 50mm, 105mm Vi my kh film 35 ( 24x36mm) th di 50mm gi l ng knh normal. Vi ng knh ny th gc thu nh tng ng vi mt ngi. ng knh c di tiu c di hn th gi l tel, ng knh di . Loi ny dng chp nhng im xa m bn mun thu gn li. Gc thu nh nh hn ng knh 50mm nn cn gi l ng knh gc hp. ng knh c di tiu c ngn hn 50mm th gi l wide, ng knh ngn. Dng thu nh nhng khun vin rng hay nhng khong cch gn m ngi chp khng th lui xa hn c. Gc thu nh ln hn ng knh 50mm nn cn gi l ng knh gc rng .

Nh vy di tiu c l mt trong nhng tiu chun u tin bn chn la ng knh. Chn nh th no c th chp theo mi nhu cu.

Tip theo bn s c khi nim v ng knh single focal length ( cn gi l ng knh fix) v ng knh zoom. Zoom lens l ng knh c di tiu c thay i c. V d nh 24~85mm. Cn ng knh fix th ch c mt di tiu c nh 28mm,50mm hay 105mm Vi ng knh di tiu c c nh th dnh cho mt s trng no . Cn vi ngi mi chi nh v mc ch tin li v kinh t th nn chn cho mnh mt ng knh zoom. Phn ln cc hng my nh khi cho ra mt thn my (body) thng s gii thiu km theo mt ng knh zoom v bn hon ton c th chn la mt ng knh khc ngoi ng knh ny. Trc y th ng knh zoom 35~70mm c chn nhiu, gn y th ng 24~85mm, 28~105mm thnh hnh hn. ng nhin l phi t mnh la chn theo phn on ca nhu cu cn thit l tt nht. Nu bn vn cha quyt nh c chn la ng knh no th bn nn chn trc mt ci zoom 28~105mm. Sau y l hai iu bn nn bit : Khong cch chp gn nht cng ngn cng tt, tr s F cng nh cng tt. Bn s c gii thch cc vn ny nhng bi sau.

Cc th khc bn nn chun b cng vi my nh

Ngoi thn my v ng knh bn cn phi chun b thm vi th. Knh lc bo v ng knh. C nhiu kch c cho nn bn cn phi bit kch c knh lc dng cho ng knh ca mnh la chn cho ng. Cn mt th na gn vo ng knh l ci loa che ng knh (lens hood) v bn cng phi chn mt ci loa che thch hp. Pin d phng cng nn c sn.

Knh lc bo v ng knh

Mt trc ng knh rt d b try st. bo v ng knh bn c th dng knh lc gn vo pha trc. Thng thng nht l loi knh UV bo v khng mu. Cng c ngi dng loi Skyligth , nhng v loi ny c ph mu hng nht nn khng th khuyn cc bn s dng loi ny cho mc ch bo v ng knh.

Ti ng my

Khi chp nh bn s mang theo nhiu th linh tinh nh film, ng knh, knh lc v th nn chun b cho mnh mt ci ti. Mi chi th bn c th la mt ci ti ng va mt thn my v 1~2 ng knh. Xung quanh c thm mt hai ti nh ng linh tinh. Ngoi ra cn cc tiu chun nh y ti c lt m, quai xch chc chn

Loa che ng knh

Loa che ng knh phi ph hp vi ng knh v kch thc, kiu khp gi v di tiu c ng knh. Khi gn loa che vo ng knh ch gn cho ng theo khp gi. Loa che ng knh gip ngn chn nhng tia sng bn ngoi ht vo ng knh gy hin tng halo. Thng gp trng hp ny khi chp vi ngun sng ngc.

Pin d phng.

Khi mua my thng ngi ta s cho sn pin trong my. Th nhng bn s khng d tnh c vic ht pin. Tt nht bn nn chun b sn thm pin d phng sn sng thay th khi ht pin. Bn cn ghi nh kiu pin dng cho my ca mnh v cng c rt nhiu loi pin.

Ti mm ng my

Nu c bn c th tm thm mt ci ti mm ng thn my.

Tham kho mt s loi my ti y

Ci t phng thc chp t ng cn bn

Bt u chp nh vi chc nng chp t ng ca my.

Nhng iu cn ch u tin

Khi mua my, bn trong hp lun c hng dn s dng i km.Trc khi thao tc bn cn c k nhng hng dn.Tn gi cc b phn , cc iu cm k ... c ghi chi tit trong sch hng dn.

Ln u tin bn khng nht thit phi c ht tt c cc trang trong sch hng dn.Ch cn c phn cn bn chung, phn ch an ton... v phn hng dng phng thc n gin nht.

Lp ng knh vo thn my:

ng knh v thn my lun c du hiu nh v tr gi vo cho khp. V d hnh trn l chm . t ng knh khp vo thn my, i vi my Nikon th vn theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h. Ngoi Nikon th cc hiu my khc vn theo chiu kim ng h. Khi vn tht cn thn v nh tay.

Lp pin vo my:

C my dng pin Lithium, c my dng pin Akaline. Xem k hng dn lp pin trong sch. Cn thn vi loi pin akaline v d b ngc u.

Trc khi thao tc vi my, bn phi c k hng dn s dng my.

Khi mua my v cc bn s nn nng th cc th mi mua. Thc t th nhiu bn phi tr gi kh t cho s nng vi ca mnh. Tt nht l cc bn nn c k sch hng dn trc khi thao tc. C my ri th bt u cn cng c thm trnh . H thng c kh ca my chp hnh rt tinh vi v th bt c thao tc no ngoi qui nh cng c th l nguyn nhn ca nhng h hng. Nhng thao tc cm thc hin u c ghi trong hng dn s dng. Bn hy chc chn rng nhng thao tc trn my ca bn khng thuc nhng khon cm. D tnh nng ca my n u th bn cng phi ch nhng im chung nh khng lm try xt mn chp, chu tip in ni khp ni ng knh v thn my, khng lm t my, trnh nhit thay i t ngt, khng s dng pin ngoi qui nh, khng t tho my

Tip theo l tn gi cc b phn. Nu khng nm c tn gi cc b phn th bn s khng hiu c sch hng dn s dng. Nu bn lm tt nhng iu trn th vic chun b s cng k lng hn.

Trc ht bn s lp ng knh v lp pin vo thn my. Cch lp th trong sch hng dn chc chn c ghi. Chiu xoay khi gi ng knh vo my ca mi hng khc nhau nn bn cn ch iu ny khi lp ng knh. Cn pin th phi dng ng loi pin qui nh. Cn thn chiu in cc ca pin khi lp.

M my, thit nh ch chp t ng. Vi phng thc chp t ng program kt hp t ng ly nt (Autofocus) v o sng a phn (MatrixMetering) : cch chp hnh n gin nht.

y ti gii thiu mt tnh nng c sn, c th ni l Ai cng c th chp c mt cch n gin. l chc nng chp t ng Program. Khi t my ch ny, my s t ng ly nt nh vo h thng t ng ly nt AF, kt qu o sng ca h thng o sng a phn matrix metering s gip my chn c khu v tc thch hp. Bn ch vic ngm chn khung hnh v bm chp.

Ghi nh thm nhng iu sau y:

Cch cm my

Hnh di y m t cch cm my nm (ngang). Tay phi cm thn my, tay tri l cch cm cn bn. Ngn tr phi t nt bm chp. Cc ngn tay tri hp li cm chc ng knh v nng ton b trng lng ca my.Hai khy cnh tay co gi cht my. ngm chp dng mt tri hay phi u c, thng th dng mt phi d nhn hn. Khi bm chp, nn th bm nh nhng.

Khi cm ng my th tay phi cm pha trn, cnh tay cng gi cht my. Chp ng my hay ngang my u c nh my bng hai tay v trn. 3 im ta ny tr thnh nguyn tc. Trng hp chp ghp nhiu ln trn mt film th cn lu chiu ng ca my phi c nh. Do tt nht cc bn nn tp thi quen cm my ng theo mt chiu.

Cng c khi cm my ng m tay phi pha di. Nhng khi n mt na nt chp ly nt cm gic nh hi vng vu v c hai tay u pha di. Mi tp chp th nn chp my ng theo cch t tay phi pha trn.

Luyn tp ly nt

My chp hnh AF SLR c nt bm chp l loi c hai nc. Khi bm mt na l tc ng h thng ly nt t ng AF. Sau khi my ly nt xong mi bm tip thm mt nc na chp nh. Thng thng ta s gp ba dng ly nt sau :

.M: Manual Focus_ Ly nt th cng, t iu chnh bng tay

.S: Single Auto Focus_ Ly nt t ng mt ln. My ch thc hin ly nt li khi bn bn th v bm nh nt chp ln na.

.C: Continue Auto Focus_ Phng thc ly nt mt lin tc. Khi di im ly nt sang v tr khc my s tip tc ly nt li v tr mi.

Bc1: n nh mt na nt chp.Hng im ly nt vo ch cn ly nt. Lc ny cha quan tm n b cc. n nh nt chp, h thng ly nt t ng lm vic.Thng s c n bo hiu ly nt xong trong viewfinder.

Bc 2: Chnh b cc hnhVn n nh nt chp sau khi ly nt. t li b cc hnh nh theo mun.

Bc 3: Bm chpSau khi canh b cc xong, n nt chp thm mt nc na chp. Khi bm chp lu nh bm nh nhng, nn th trnh b rung my lm gim r nt

Mt s im lu khi ly nt:.Nu im ly nt l mt phng khng c ng nt gc cnh, hay ni cch khc l khng c chi tit th bn s ly nt vo mt v tr bn cnh c khong cch tng t.

.My thng ly nt theo cc chi tit c ng theo chiu thng ng so vi thn my. Khi gp cc chi tit c chiu nm ngang ly nt chnh xc bn nn xoay my ng lc ly nt.

.Khi my ang t ch ly nt lin tc ( continus hay full AF...) th vic bm gi nt chp s khng c tc dng gi nguyn khong cch ly nt khi bn dch chuyn b cc. Lc ny phi dng nt chc nng AF lock kho h thng ly nt t ng.

.My s khng ly nt c trong iu kin chp vi ngun sang qu yu.Lc ny cn c ngun sng h tr cho vic ly nt.

.Trong khong cch gn hn khong cch gn nht tiu chun ca ng knh th my ng nhin cng khng ly nt c v h AF s hot ng lin tc. Nhiu bn mi hc chp cng hay gp phi vn ny.

Film_ Cch la chn phim thch hp theo cc mc ch chp nh.

Cc loi phim

Cn bn chia thnh ba loi sau:

Phim mu m bn: L loi thng dng nht. Phim sau khi chp, trng xong mu sc cng nh sng ti u o ngc trn nn mu cam nn v th gi l m bn.Ch khi in nh ra giy bn mi thy hnh nh ng. Khi mua phim bn s thy k hiu trn v film l Color sau tn nhn hiu v d nh FUJICOLOR, KODAKCOLOR...

Phim mu dng bn: L loi film sau khi chp, trng xong l bn c th xem hnh ngay trn phim.Loi phim ny thng dng cho my chiu (projector). So vi phim m bn, phim dng bn mu sc trong p hn, tng phn mnh hn v sc nt hn nn loi ny c phn ng cc nhip nh gia chuyn nghip s dng. Gi phim v trng ra cng cao hn so vi phim m bn. K hiu phim ny trn v phim l Chrome , v d nh FUJICHROME , EKTACHROME...

Mt c im ca hai loi phim trn l u c hai loi daylight v tungsten. Loi daylight thng dng hn v r hn loi tungsten. Phim tungsten dng chp di nh sng vng ca n dy tc v gi thng rt t.

Cui cng l phim en trng, hin nay phim ny c dng in nh monotone. loi phim ny khi chp, trng xong cng cho ra nh m bn trng en. Ch khi in ra giy mi thy c nh tht. Vi mt s ngi chi nh c trnh th thng hc s t trng ra ly. Loi phim ny c k hiu Pan trn v v d NeoPan ca fujifilm...

Cch chn phim thch hp:

Phim c phn loi theo ba nhm nh trn: Phim mu m bn, phim mu dng bn v phim en trng. c trng ca tng loi phim trnh by trn. Tuy nhin cn mt c im na ca phim m ta cn lu l dung sai. Ch s ny khng c ghi trn v phim v l c trng ring ca mi loi phim.y l kh nng cho php phim thu nh vi mt lng nh sng sai lch so vi lng sng ng. Phim mu m bn thng thng cho php chp thiu sng -2EV n tha sng +2EV. Vic tha hay thiu sng ny c th iu chnh c khi in nh. i vi phim dng bn th khong dung sai ny ngn hn 2ln nn i vi nhng ngi mi chi nh th vic s dng phim m bn s gip gim c nhiu nh b h do chp sai sng. Tuy nhin vn c mt im khc l phim dng bn li cho nh p hn m bn nn mt vi ngi vn mun s dng phim dng bn. Chng ta s quay li vn ny trong vi bi ti.

Mt vi iu cn bit v phim:

Phim cng nh thc phm, c th b h hng nu qu hn. Khi mua phim bn nh xem k hn s dng. Nu phi bo qun phim cha chp mt thi gian th nn vo ni lnh, kh v ti. Nhit bo qun tt l 20C hay thp hn v m di 60%. Nu khng lu th c th ng trong hp nha y kn. Nu thi gian di th nn vo t lnh. Khi chp nh phi ly ra ngoi trc t nht 30 pht.Cc phim mu dng bn thng c lu gi nhit thp hn phim m bn v thng c ghi trn v ng phim. Khi a phim cha trng qua cc my kim tra hnh l ti phi trng cn lu vn tia X. Hin ti vi k thut mi tia X pht ra t my kim tra rt yu khng cn nh hng n cht lng phim. Tuy nhin mt vi ni vn c th khng c nh vy hoc vi phim nhy sng qu cao, trong trng hp ny bn s ng phim trong ti c bit chng tia X hay mang theo ngi. Cn na, khng nn thi gian qu lu gia hai ln chp v khi chp xong nn mang i trng cng sm cng tt.

nhy sng:

Phim ghi li nh bng cch hp th nh sng. Kh nng hp thu nh sng mnh hay yu c th hin nhy sng ASA. nhy sng cng cao th kh nng hp th nh sng cng cao. Ta c bn nhm phim c phn loitheo nhy sng :

Phim c nhy sng thp : (di 100 iso)

Nhm ny thng c dng chp nh phong cnh hay s miu t chi tit do tng phn ca phim cao. nhy sng thp nn thng chp vi tc thp v s dng chn my ( tripot ).

Nikon F90XS AiAF Nikkor 35mm F2 Matrixmetering, A mode, F16 Kodak Ektachome64

Phim c nhy trung bnh: ( 100 ISO)

y l loi phim c th ni cn bng gia s d s dng v cht lng nh, c s dng a dng.C th chp phong cnh, ngi, chp nhanh... Chp cnh hong hn vi chn my .

Nikon F90XS AiAF Nikkor 20mm F2.8D Matrixmetering A mode F11 Fujichome 100ProD

Phim c nhy cao: (400ISO)

Phim loi ny dng chp cnh ban m hay trong nh...nhng ni nh sng yu. So vi phim c nhy trung bnh th cht lng nh c b gim i cht do khi la chn bn cn lu iu ny nht l nu nh mun phng ln.Trng hp chp ban ngy nhng ch li chuyn ng nhanh nh nh th thao chng hn, cn phi chp vi tc cao th phi chn loi phim ny.

Nikon F90XS AiAF NikkorED300mm F4 S. Matrixmetering A mode EktachomePro

Phim c nhy siu cao: (800~ 1600 ISO)

Trong mi trng nh sng yu mun chp vi phim c nhy thp th bn c th chp vi tc chm v chn my. Tuy nhin nu trng hp ch chuyn ng th li cn thit chp vi tc nhanh. Lc ny s chn la ca bn s l phim nhy siu cao. Thng dng trong chp th thao trong nh, sn khu...

Nikon F90XS AiAF Zoom Nikkor 75~300mm F4.5-5.6S matrixmetering S mode 1/250s Fujichome Provia1600

nhy sng v cht lng nh:

Phim c nhiu loi nhy sng khc nhau. nhy sng th hin kh nngthu sng ca phim. Vinhng loi phim nhy sng cao c kh nng chp trong iu kin nh sng yu. n v tnh ca nhy sng theo tiu chun quc t l ISO. Tr s ISO cng cao th nhy sng cng cao. Phim nhy thp trong cng mt iu kin th tc chp chm hn so vi phim nhy cao. C th trong mt s iu kin nht nh th y l mt trong nhng tr ngi. th nhng loi phim c nhy thp th ht phim nh hn nn khi in nh cho hnh nh mn hn. Tm li l phim c nhy sng cng cao th mn cng gim.

Khi lp phim vo my th cn phi ci t nhy sng trn my theo phim. Thng thng cc my AF SLR u c ch c v t ng ci t ISO v trn v phim c DX code .

Mi tp chp nh, cha quen cm my bn nn chn phim c nhy cao ISO400 chp vi tc cao.V nn chn loi 24 tm.Xt v kinh t th phim 36 tm r hn. Nhng nhng bn mi chp th s chp tng t mt rt kinh nghim nn chn loi 24 tm l thch hp hn.

Chp hoa : ba yu t quan trng Gc , Tiu c v B cc.

bi trc hng dn cc bn ci t ch chp t ng cho my, cch lp phim...Hm nay chng ta s bt u chp nhng tm nh u tin.

Mt ch chng ta c th bt u l HOA. Bn c th gp hoa mi ni : quanh nh, trn ng ph, trong cng vin... tuy hin bn phi c s la chn cn thn khi chp hoa.Trc ht bn phi t mnh tm ra tm c cnh hoa n tng. Yu t ny ph thuc vo c nhn bn. K n ch trnh nhng cnh hoa b dp nt hay su n... i khi in hnh xong li b nhng li nh lm hng khng ng nn bn phi ch .Chun b sng sng ri.By gi bt u chp.

Ln u chp nn c rt nhiu vn i vi bn nhng bn s tp trung vo ba im chnh gc , tiu c v b cc. Hai bc nh trn l mt v d.

GC

Trc ht bn tm gc nhn hoa p nht. Chn gc t hoa vo phng nn thch hp. Hoa s p hn nu tm c mt gc nhn thch hp. u tin l bn phi quan st bng mt ca mnh. Trong lc quan st bn cn thit phi i xung quanh. Nu l hoa cm hay trng trong chu nh th bn c th xoay hoa quan st vng quanh. Sau khi xem xt xung quanh bn s quan st theo tng cao, xem chp t trn xung hay t di ln ... cao no th p. Gc thu nh khng ch ph thuc vo bng hoa m cn chu nh hng ca yu t phng nn hu cnh. trnh lm long ch khng nn chn mt phng nn hn tp. Gp trng hp mt t nhiu chi tit ln xn th bn c th gim phn t, thm vo nn tri xanh... Ch chn phng nn trnh s trng hp mu sc, nh sng vi ch . Cui cng l ch nhng chi tit ph lm hng ni dung bc nh nh dy in, thng rc....

C LY:

C ly hay khong cch chp c tnh t bn mt film n im ly nt trn ch . Khang cch ny cng gn th kch thc bng hoa cng ln, cng lui xa th cng thu nh. Tuy nhin bn ch tin n gn trong phm vi ti thiu m ng knh cn c th ly nt c. Khi nh thu nh th s lng hoa vo nh s tng ln. Tuy nhin c mt cnh hoa n tng th bn s chp hoa cng ln cng tt. Trc khi ly nt, bn t my khang cch gn nht cn ly nt c. Chnh nt bng ch AF vo im cn ly nt trn hoa, dng chc nng AF lock gi nguyn khang cch ly nt. y l phn luyn tp ly nt.

B cc:

Chp hoa theo b cc 1/3

B cc l v tr t ch trong hnh.Khng ch c nh phong cnh mi quan tm n b cc. Ngay c khi bn chp mt bng hoa, nu p dng ng b cc th cng lm cho bc nh kh ln.Thi gian gn y my chp nh AF tr nn ph thng, vic ly nt ngay ti im trung tm hnh nh khin cho ngi chp c thi quen t ch vo gia nh ly nt ri chp,v tnh to ra b cc trung tm.Cch t ch ngay trung tm nh i khi cng thch hp nhng phn ln l khng to ra n tng. lm quen, chng ta hy bt u t b cc 1/3. Trn khung nh, k hai ng dc v hai ng ngang chia nh thnh 3 phn dc v ngang bng nhau. Bn ng thng ny giao nhau ti bn im. Theo b cc 1/3 th ngi ta s t ch theo nhng ng thng hay nhng im ny. Tuy nhin chp theo b cc ny th bn phi cn thn vi chc nng AF v ch khng cn t gia nh,chc nng AF c th ly nt vo hu cnh pha sau. Bn c th xem li cch ly nt AF trong bi trc. Nu chp quen th bn c th kim tra li vic ly nt qua ng ngm bng mt ca mnh. B cc 1/3 p dng cho c nh ngang v ng.

Cch s dng n chp

S dng n chp b nh sng mt tri

n chp thng gi l n flash c dng kh rng ri trong vic h tr nh sng nghch trong chp nh hay nhng trng hp nh sng khng . Tc chp ca n flash khong 1 phn vi ngn giy. nh sng c pht ra t mt bng n kh nh. nh sng t n flash gn nh nh sng mt tri nn thch hp dng cho phim lai daylight. Mi n c mt ch s pht sng GN (guide number) khc nhau. Tr s GN cng ln th pht sng cng mnh, tm pht sng cng xa, ngc li tr s GN cng nh th pht sng cng yu. Ch s GN = f/stop x khong cch t n n ch .

- Khi mun tnh m ng knh ta ly GN chia cho khong cch t n n ch .

GN ghi trn n c tnh theo nhy sng 100 ISO. Khi nhy sng thay i th ch s GN cng thay i. C th l nhy sng tng gp 2 ln th GN tng 1,4 ln. Ngc li nhy sng gim mt na th GN gim 0,7.

Trn thn my c lai c n i km, c loi khng. n trn my s dng kh n gin. Ch cn m n, i sau khong 10s cho in np l c th chp. Khi n nt chp th n s t ng pht sng. Tuy s dng n gin nhng n trong my thng c GN nh, ch chp trong khong 3m tr li. Trng hp khng c n trn my hay n trn my khng mnh th s dng n bn ngoi gn vo. Trn thn my c ch cm n ngoi gi l hot shoe. Ch cn cm n vo hot shoe l , cc my v n th h sau ny khng cn dng day ni. Ngoi flash th c hng cn gi l speedlight.

Ngun sng l mt phn rt quan trng trong chp nh. n tng mt bc nh ph thuc vo hng chiu sng ln ch . Ngun sng t pha sau ngi chp chiu sng ln ch gi l ngun sng thun. Ngun sng chiu vo trc mt ngi chp gi l ngun sng nghch.

Chp mt tm nh chp nhanh (snap shot) hay mt tm nh k nim thng thng... c nh sng ton b chi tit ngi ta thng chp vi nh sng thun. Th nhng vi ngun sng thun hi mnh th hnh nh s khng c khi. Mt ngun sng chch hay ngc sng th d to khi. Nu l chi nh nghip d th bn c th chp ngc sng xem sao. Chp ngc sng th bn c th gp tr ngi. Khi ngun sng nghch qu mnh, phn sng (pha sau) v phn ti (trn ch ) chn lch nhau qu nhiu th c th ch b ti en hay phng nn trng xa. Lc ny bn s s dng n flash lm sng ch (fill flash). Nh vy n flash khng ch dng trong phng hay bui ti m cn dng c cho lc ban ngy na. nh sng mt tri t nhin v nh sng n flash tng t nhau nn s dng n flash vi nh sng ban ngy hon ton thch hp.

Dng n flash trong phng

Chp mt bnh hoa t ca s trong phng c dng n flash.

Chp mt tm nh trong phng a s ch s dng n flash mt cch n thun. Th nhng c mt cch s dng n khc. quan st ni cnh ca s. Ci ny ging nh mt studio tuyt ho. nh sng mm mi t bn ngoi chiu vo to ra mt ngun sng nghch. t chu hoa ch ny v chp th.

Trc ht nguyn nh th v chp. Kt qu l tm hnh b ti. L do l do ta chp vi ngun sng nghch t ngoi phng chiu vo. Sau chp vi n flash ta s thy r hn. nh sng t bn ngoi chiu vo pha sau ch , kt hp vi nh sng n flash chiu vo chnh din, to cm gic lp th r rng. Hn na tng phn trong nh cng gim xung ph hp hn. y nu khng ch n vn dng n th nh s ging nh l ta nhn hoa khi tt n trong phng.

nh sng c mt yu t gi l nhit mu. nh sng mt tri v n hunh quang hon ton khc nhau. Mi loi film c ch to chp mt nhit nh trc. V th nu chp film di nh sng c nhit mu khc th mu sc in ln film s khc vi thc t mt ta nhn thy. Hin ti th film loi daylight da trn c s nhit mu ca nh sng mt tri nn nu nh chp di nh sng n hunh quang th hnh nh cui cng s b ph mu xanh lc hay cn gi l m sc xanh.

Ngoi vic s dng n flash ra cn c th dng tm phn quang lm mt bng en do nh sng nghch. Cch ny l dng chnh mt phn ngung sng nghch c phn x li chiu sng ln ch .

Chp nh ban m vi chc nng slow synchro flash, ngi v hu cnh c hai u sng.

hnh dung chng ta s xem hai bc nh minh ha chp chn dung ban m trn. Bc nh bn di hu nh khng thy c hu cnh. Ngi trong nh c n flash chiu sng cn hu cnh th n flash khng th pht sng ti. Cn tm u tin trn c hu cnh c chp r. K thut ny gi l Slow Synchro.Chp tc chm vi n flash.

Thot nhn ch ti chp khng c n flash, nhng chp vi tc chm, thi gian mn chn m lu nh sng vo film tng dn dn khin cho cnh sng ln. Lc ny n flash chp kt hp ng b nn gi l slow synchro. Ni tm li l mun chp hu cnh ban m sng r th ch cn chp tc chm. Th nhng v c ngi trong nh nn cn nh sng n flash gip bt ng, v thi gian pht sng ca n rt nhanh. Ngoi ra cn lu n ch s pht sng GN ca n t ch trong khong cch thch hp.

Chp nh Khi di du lch

p dng 3 yu t Gc , C ly v B cc

Khi i du lch, chp li nhng bc nh k nim ghi nh nhng ni mnh n tht l th v. Th nhng khi nhn nhng bc nh khng p th nhng cm gic lc chp nh ca bn s b mt i.V khng phi lc no bn cng c c hi chp li ln na.Mt chuyn i cng phu vt v, s mong i tht ln vo chic my nh m bn mang theo. Ch mt cht khi chp hnh th bn s c c nhng tm nh p.

Trc ht bn phi nm phng php chp nh phong cnh. u tin l ch ng chn tri nn t nm ngang v theo b cc 1/3, bu tri trong nh l 1/3 v phn mt t l 2/3. Nu trong nh c nhng chi tit ln nh mt ci cy mt tng to... th khng nn t ngay trung tm nh. Mi bt u nn bn p dng hai iu c bn ny trc cng c th chp c nhng bc nh p hn.

Chp phong cnh

Khi n mt vn hoa, cng vin hay mt ni tham quan no . Hn l bn s thy rt nhiu hoa.Bn s ch nhng yu t sau khi chp vn hoa c nhng tm nh va . Chp cnh vn hoa hay cnh tng t, nn phn bu tri trong nh tht t. K n chn la gc chp thch hp, khng nn my mt cao nht nh m c th bn nng cao hay hn thp tm ra gc chp thch hp.Sau cng ch n hng ca nh sng, chn hng sao cho nh sng to cm gic lp th trn nh.

Chp nh k nim c ngi.

Trong nhng bc nh k nim trong mt chuyn i th khng phi ch c nh phong cnh m cn c nhng nh chp c ngi trong . Nhng tm nh ny d khng mang tnh ngh thut nhng bn cng th ch n nhng yu t cn bn trn xem sao. Tt nhin nhng bc nh ny s khc vi nhng tm ch chp n thun l quang cnh hay hoa l. Phn u tin chng ta hay gp l nhn vt trong hnh b nh. Lin quan n vn ny l khong cch chp. Thng thng ngi c chp hay c thi quen ng gn mt ci g chp nh mt ngi nh chng hn. Th nhng ngi nh th li ln hn ngi c chp rt nhiu. V th khi chp c hnh nh c ngi nh th ngi c chp s rt nh. Trong trng hp ny ngi cm my s chn khang cch chp sao cho ly c quang cnh pha sau, sau t ngi c chp vo pha trc ng knh vi khang cch thch hp ngi c chp c ln nh . Tt nhin khi nhn vt tin gn ng knh hn th ln hn v b ct mt mt phn. V ngi chp s chn khong cch sao cho ch ct hp l vi khun hnh. K tip sau l bn s quan st xem c nhng chi tit no hu cnh lm nh hng n nhn vt trong hnh nh mt ci cy hay ct in l ra ngay trn u, b mt tng xung... Sau cng l ch n ngun sng chiu vo nhn vt. nh sng thun qu mnh c th lm bt hnh hay to nhng ch ti sng trn khun mt. Nhng ngun sng t trn nh u chiu xung hay t di ht thng ln to ra mt khun mt khng p. trnh nhng khuyt im ny bn c th dng ming phn quang hay n flash b sng khi chp.

Chp l hi

nh chp l hi cng tr thnh mt lai nh mang mt s tnh c th ring v bn s hay gp khi i du lch.Chp nh l hi trc ht bn phi chp c bu khng kh v chu vi ca l hi. Trong v d trn l hnh nh mt l hi ca ngi Nht trong ma ng. Tht l thiu st nu trong nh m khng th hin ci cm gic lnh. Trong hai tm nh trn. tm bn di ch n thun th hin mt ngi ang di nc. Tm bn trn nh vo mu da ng , tri m sng m ngi xem c th cm nhn c c ci cm gic tm nc lnh vo ma ng.

Xt tm nh chp l hi t la ban m. Tm bn trn ngi chp chp khi cn st li mt t nh sng t nhin, cng thm khong cch xa hn nn nn thu vo nh c quang cnh xung quanh rng hn. Cho ta thy c bu khng kh lc .

Nhng tm nh chp nhanh gip ta c c nhng sc thi, nhng khun mt rt t nhin trong l hi cng l iu khng th thiu. Bn cngnn lu l c th c mt vi ngi khng thch khi bn hng ng knh vo h. iu quan trng nht l tm i tng chp. Cn tm nhng i tng thch hp vi bu khng kh l hi.

Chp nh l hi bn phi chp trong m ng v th trang phc rt quan trng. Nu mang theo ti ng my qu ln bn s rt kh di chuyn. Bn nn mc lai o khoc c nhiu ti lai dnh cho th ng cc th cn thit.

c sa bi asahinguyen lc 08:49 PM ngy 10-11-2005

2,134

Cch s dng v chn la chn 3 cng.

Loi chn nh dng si Cacbon (Cacbon fibre)

Thng thng khi chp nh ta s cm my bng tay. Tuy nhin trong nhng trng hp chp vi tc chm th nh s b rung nhe.V th trng nh vy ta phi dng n chn my hay cn gi l chn 3 cng. Mt chn ba cng chia lm 2 phn chnh: phn gi my chp (panhead) v phn chn ng. c chn ba cng cng cp th thng ko theo trng lng kh nng v rt vt v khi mang i xa. Vi nhng loi chn nh nh th li yu khng bo m trnh rung my khi chp. chp vi ng knh t 300mm tr xung th bn nn chn cho mnh mt chn my c trng lng khong 2kg l an ton nht. Nhng vi lai chn dng si cacbon th trng lng s nh hn v bn c th an tm vi loi chn my nh hn 2kg. Vi u gn gi my panhead bn s c hai loi: loi c cn chnh v loi t do (ballhead). Loi c cn chnh ph hp vi hnh nh ng khung theo dng ngay ngn,thao tc hi g b.Vi u gn loi ballhead bn c th xoay my chp mi hng d dng, thao tc n gin. Cc chn 3 cng thng bn c km lun u gi, nhng thng l loi c cn chnh. Loi t do ballhead thng bn ring thay vo.

Chn la chn ba cng : xem xt c cao v thp

Chn la chn my, ngoi yu t trng lng th ta s quan tm n cao khi ko chn my ra. Bn s chn sao cho cao cao ca chn my khi gn camera vo, nng trc chnh ln th tm cao ca ng ngm finder s ngang tm vi mt ca bn l c. K n l khi chp nhng vt di thp nh nhng bng hoa di chng hn bn s cn t my rt thp. V th yu cu chn my lc ny phi dang rng ra c v trc chnh c th tho ra c. Ngoi ra th bn c th lu n cc cht kha cao ca chn.Yu t ny khng quan trng nhng cng yu cu phi chc chn cng cp.

c sa bi asahinguyen lc 09:48 AM ngy 15-11-2005

s dng chn my ba cng (tripod) hiu qu, trc ht chng ta xem qua mt vi th thut cn bn sau. u tin ta m kha v ko tng th 1 ca chn u tin ra.Sau khi ko ra th kha cht li. Tng th 1 y l phn chn trn cng, to nht. Tip theo ko tng th 2 ra tng t nh tng th 1. Thao tc tng t cho 2 chn cn li. Sau khi ko chn ra th gn thn my vo. Thng thng thn my s gn trc tip ln u ball head. C loi ch c mt con c xit cht thn my, c loi c thm mt vng xit ph kha cht hn. Vi loi u c quick release th vic tho lp s c ng hn.Thn my s c gn ln mt b phn tho ri khi u ball head.Khi s dng chn my nn m rng chn. V tr ng chp s lt vo gia hai chn, chn cn li hng theo hng camera. Trng hp phi chp v tr thp, nn thu phn nh ca chn my vo s dng phn chn to cng, chn my s vng chc hn.Phn trc chnh c th tho bt khi hn chn my xung thp.

c sa bi asahinguyen lc 11:15 PM ngy 09-09-2008