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Who is Canadian?

Who is Canadian?Michelle Jean1st black Govenor-General of Canada

David SuzukiEnvironmental Activist

Pamela AndersonActress

Adrienne ClarksonJournalist and former Govenor-General of Canada

Blonde hair + blue eyes = Canadian

Red hair + hazel eyes = Canadian

But…

Black hair + brown eyes = Canadian

Brown hair + brown eyes = Canadian

Immigration

• process of migrating to live permanently in another country

• few Canadians have experienced immigration, but all have parent, grandparent or distant relative who came to Canada as a stranger

• all Canadians share an immigrant past there would be no Canada without immigration

Immigration Trends

Wave #1French settlement of Quebec and

AcadiaAmerican and European

entrepreneursBritish military

personnel

Wave #2British and Irish after War of 1812Irish after Potato Famine 1846-1849

Wave #3Europe pre WW1, 1910-1913

Wave #4Europe, 1957

Wave #5Post 1970s – mainlyvisible minoritiesfrom developing worldex. S Asia, China

Multicultural Country

Multi Cultural Many Countries

Canada’s population is made up of people from many different ethnic

backgrounds.

2001 census - Statistics Canada

– Visible minorities - 16.2% of population South Asian 4%, Chinese 3.9%, Black 2.5%, Filipino 1.1%

– Non-visible minorities – German 10.18%, Italian 4.63%, Ukrainian 3.87%, Dutch 3.87%, Polish 3.15%, Russian 1.60%, Norwegian 1.38%, Portuguese 1.32%, Swedish 1.07%

Multicultural

Vancouver

MontrealToronto

Multicultural Country

• Official policies exist to protect cultural diversity

–Multiculturalism Act, 1988– Immigration– Canadian Charter of Rights and

Freedoms– 2 official languages, but reality is quite

different

Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988

• Objectives:– Recognize and promote that

multiculturalism is a fundamental characteristic of Canadian heritage and identity

– Foster recognition and appreciation of diverse cultures of Canadian society

– Preserve and enhance the use of languages other than French and English, while strengthening the status and use of Canada’s official languages

Immigration

• 3 types of immigration classes– family class (closely related persons of

Canadian residents)– independent immigrants (admitted on

the basis of a point system that account for age, health and labour-market skills required for cost effectively inducting the immigrants into Canada's white-collar or blue-collar labour market)

– refugees seeking protection

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms- guarantees certain political rights

and civil rights of everyone from the policies and actions of all levels of government

- designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights

- signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17, 1982

Canada’s Aboriginal Groups

• First Nations – indigenous people of North America, living in Canada, who are not Metis or Inuit

• Metis – First Nations or Inuit married European settlers

• Inuit – indigenous people living in the northern regions near the Arctic

Canada is a land made up of people from many

different cultural backgrounds so it is

difficult to define Canadian culture.

Cultural Mosaic

Canada is viewed as a Cultural Mosaic – people of different cultural

backgrounds living together while maintaining their own distinct cultural

characteristics.

Canada – A Cultural Mosaic