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Canadas War in the Pacific Canada did not participate extensively in the Pacific war against Japan. HMCS Uganda was serving with the British Pacific Fleet in 1945 but was forced to return to Canada because the crew would not volunteer to continue to fight after the defeat of Germany. HMCS Uganda The Canadian Navys only winner of a Victory Cross was Robert Hampton Gray a Corsair pilot in HMS Formidable.Victory CrossRobert Hampton Gray

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The Battle of Coral Sea The Battle of the Coral Sea was fought between the Japanese and Allied navies from May 4 through May 8, 1942 in the Coral Sea, about 500 miles northeast of Australia. Occurring only six months after the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, it was one of the first naval battles fought in the Pacific during World War II.

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The Battle.. In the spring of 1942, Japanese forces planned to invade southern New Guinea, a move designed to knock Australia and New Zealand out of the war. The Allies, including the United States, Australia, and Great Britain, gathered a large fleet to thwart the invasion. That evening, with the battle roughly a draw, both sides retreated but would meet again a month later at the decisive Battle of Midway, 3,000 miles away in the Hawaiian Islands. The most significant Allied loss during the battle was the sinking of the American carrier, USS Lexington.

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Significance The Battle of the Coral Sea was important for several reasons. o It was the first pure carrier- vs-carrier battle in history as neither surface fleet sighted the other. o Though a draw, it was an important turning point in the war in the Pacific because, for the first time, the Allies had stopped the Japanese advance.

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Importance of Coral Sea Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacific May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from invading Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop Japan invasion for the first time U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japans forces

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Battle Of Midway Decisive US victory June 1942 at Midway Atoll American codebreakers were able to determine the date + location of attack. Four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk in One American destroyer sunk. The heavy losses in carriers and aircrews permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy.

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Battle Of Iwo Jima Key island that could provide airbases to begin bombing Japanese mainland. The battle produced some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign. Of the 27,000 Japanese solders, only 216 were taken prisoner.

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Kamikaze Means Divine Wind Suicide attacks by warplanes from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign. First used at Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines) A total of 57 ships were sunk by the Kamikazes.

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Battle Of Okinawa Largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater. April June 1945. 110,000 Japanese soldiers were killed. What is this an indicator of? o How hard an invasion of mainland Japan would be.

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Manhattan Project Codename for a project conducted during WW II to develop the first atomic bomb. The project's roots lay in fears that Nazi Germany was developing nuclear weapons of its own. Eventually employed more than 130,000 people and cost nearly $2 billion. It resulted in the creation of production and research sites that operated in secret.

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Project Leaders Under control of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under the administration of General Leslie R. Groves. The scientific research was directed by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

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The Atomic Project The uranium for this project was supplied by Canada from a mine near Great Bear Lake. The Small town of Trail B.C. builtand operated a 6- tonnes per year electrolytic heavy water plant in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project Canadian scientists were involved in the development of this terrible weapon.

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Project Success The Manhattan Project will eventually produce 3 bombs: The Gadget, Little Boy and Fat Man

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Trinity Test The first test of an atomic weapon. (Successful) Conducted by the United States on July 16, 1945. White Sands, New Mexico Oppenheimer quote: o Now I become Death, the destroyer of worlds. Birth of the Atomic Age.

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A New Formula for Mass Japan warned, but refused to surrender. Planners estimated invasion would result in 3-5x as many casualties as at Okinawa. Hiroshima 6 August 1945 HQ, Japanese 2 nd Army 60-70k killed or missing Nagasaki 9 August 40k killed Compare Dresden 35-135k Tokyo 120k KIA/WIA Logical outcome of Total War?

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Enola Gay Col. Paul W. Tibbets, pilot of the B-29 Superfortress ENOLA GAY, drops the world's first atomic bomb, Little Boy, on Hiroshima. The 9,000 lb. bomb was dropped from 31,600 feet and detonated at 8:15 a.m., August 6, 1945, about 1,900 feet above the center of Hiroshima. A blinding light, tremendous explosion and dark gray cloud enveloped the city, followed by a rising mushroom shaped cloud.. www.salem.k12.va.us/staff/dturner/Chapter%2013.ppt%202005.ppt

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At the time of the bombing, Hiroshima was a prosperous city of nearly 320,000. The bomb exploded almost directly over the center of the city. Two square miles of the city were completely leveled by the bomb, and the intense heat generated by the explosion started fires as far as two miles from ground zero. www.salem.k12.va.us/staff/dturner/Chapter%2013.ppt%202005.ppt

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Hiroshima August 6, 1945. B-29 Superfortres the Enola Gay drops 1st atomic bomb in history. Codenamed Little Boy. Col. Paul Tibbets Destroyed about 70% of the city. The Japanese estimated 72,000 were killed and 70,000 out of 76,000 buildings in the city were destroyed

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About one hour after the bombing on 6 August 1945. www.salem.k12.va.us/staff/dturner/Chapter%2013.ppt%202005.ppt

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Nagasaki August 9, 1945 B-29 Superfortress Bockscar, flown by Major Charles W. Sweeney, carried the bomb code-named "Fat Man. Original target was Kokura, switched because of cloud cover.

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End of World War II 14 August 1945, Emperor Hirohito announces the Japan defeat to his people. Japan accepts an unconditional surrender. August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrender Fear of more atomic weapon attacks and the certainty of land defeat by the Soviets have combined to secure the complete surrender. (Soviet forces had invaded Manchuria and North-Korea).

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Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied Commander during formal surrender ceremonies on the USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay

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Formal Japanese Surrender September 2, 1945 VJ Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender) Tokyo Bay, Japan. Aboard the USS Missouri The Japanese delegation surrendered to Gen Douglas MacArthur. V-J Day

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U.S. Occupation of Japan Similar trials held for Japanese war criminals 7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death (including Tojo) U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the direction of General Douglas MacArthur Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and women suffrage) Introduced a free market economy

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Group Discussion Questions 1.Throughout the war, the allied had been told that they were fighting "evil." Do you think that this propaganda concept influenced the decision to use the bomb? 2.Is the Use of nuclear weapons every justified? Explain

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Final Thoughts 1.Do you want your country to have nuclear weapons? 2.Are nuclear weapons really a big deterrent? 3.Do countries with nuclear weapons have the right to stop other countries developing them? 4.How can the world address the nuclear threat posed by North Korea or Iran?