CANADIANAGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING

The Journal of the Canadian society of Agricultural EngineeringLa Revue de la Societe Canadienne du Genie Rural

CAE27(1) 1-57(1985)CN ISSN 0045-432X

EDITORIAL

T.G. Sommerfeldt Inside front cover

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TRANSPIRATION USING NON-LINEAR LEAST SQUARE ANALYSISD.W. Stewart, L.M. Dwyer, and R.L. Desjardins 1

THE EFFECT OF AVAILABLE SOIL WATER AND ROOT DENSITY ON ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL

TRANSPIRATION RELATIONSHIPS

D.W. Stewart, L.M. Dwyer, and R.L. Desjardins 7

AIR QUALITY IN COMMERCIAL LAYING BARNSJ.B. McQuitty, J.J.R Feddes, and J.J. Leonard 13

LAYING HEN HEAT AND MOISTURE PRODUCTION UNDER COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS

J.J.R. Feddes, J.B. McQuitty, and P.C. Clark 21

APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS THROUGH A TRICKLE SYSTEM FOR SOIL-BORNE PEST CONTROL.

I. DERIVATION OF BASIC PHYSICAL THEORY FOR PRACTICAL USE

J.C.W. Keng and T. Vander Gulik 31

APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS THROUGH A TRICKLE SYSTEM FOR SOIL-BORNE PEST CONTROL.

II. THE DESIGN OF A PROTOTYPE SYSTEM AND TEST RESULTS

J.C.W. Keng, T.C. Vrain, and J.A. Freeman 35

ON FARM DRAINAGE POLICY IN CANADA

Ross W. Irwin 39

GRAIN BIN WALL PRESSURES: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

Digvir Singh and E.B. Moysey 43

BENDING STRESSES IN INSULATED CONCRETE SANDWICH PANELS

J.C. Jofriet and D.M. Thompson 49

A PORTABLE BEAN SIZE GRADER

C.F. Nicholls and S.B. Glassman 55

Volume 27 Number 1 Spring 1985

CANADIAN

AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING

SPRING 1985

VOLUME 27, NO. 1

EDITORT.G. SOMMERFELDTResearch Station, Agriculture CanadaLethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1

ASSOCIATE EDITORSE. MCKYES (Power & Machinery)Department of Agricultural EngineeringP.O. Box 950, Macdonald CollegeSte. Anne de Bellevue, Que H9X ICO

J.A. MUNROE (Structures & Environment)Engineering & Statistical Research InstituteResearch Branch, Agriculture CanadaInstitute Building 74Ottawa, Ont. K1A0C6

K.V. LO (Electrical Power & Processing)Bioresearch EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia2357 Main MallVancouver, B.C. V6T 1W5

K. POHJAKAS (Soil & Water)Resource Planning DivisionLand Classification BranchAlberta AgricultureAgriculture CentreBag 3014, Lethbridge, Alta. TU 4C7

CSAE COUNCIL 1983-84L.M. STALEY PresidentHead, Bio-Resource EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver, B.C. V6T 1W5

M. FELDMAN Past PresidentEngineering & Statistical Research InstituteReserch Branch, Agriculture CanadaOttawa, Ont. K1A0C6

P. JUTRAS President ElectUniversity of McGillMacdonald CampusSte. Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X ICO

W. NICHOLAICHUK Vice-PresidentP.O. Box 1326 (Technical)Swift Current, Sask. S9H 3X4

E.M. BARBER Vice-PresidentAgriculturalEngineeringDepartment (Regional)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, Sask. S7N 0W0

L. COLLETTE Secretary-TreasurerNew Brunswick Department of AgricultureBox 6000Fredericton, N.B. E3B 5H1

REGIONAL DIRECTORSR.J. GREIG British Columbia2470 Cameron Crescent, R.R. #6Abbotsford, B.C. V2S 5W4

A.W. ANDERSON AlbertaDepartmentof Agricultural EngineeringUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton, Alta. T6G 2E1

T. PADBURY SaskatchewanSaskatchewan Department of Agriculture1260-8th AvenueRegina, Sask. S4P 3V7

R.P. HOEMSEN ManitobaIndustrial Technology Centre1329 Niakwa RoadWinnipeg, Man. R2J 3T4

K.G. BOYD OntarioOntario Ministry of Agriculture & FoodExtension Branch, School of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphOuelph, Ont. NIG 2W1

P. SAVOIE QuebecUniversite LavalDepartment de Genie RuralSte-Foy, Que. G1K 7P4

K. WILKIE AtlanticTechnical University of Nova ScotiaDepartment of Agricultural EngineeringP.O. Box 1000Halifax, N.S. B3J 2X4

J.E. BRUBAKER DirectorAgricuture Energy Centre AIC National CouncilOntario Ministry of Agriculture and FoodP.O. Box 1030, R.R. # 5Guelph, Ont. N1H6N1

G.R. HJERTAASSED Systems Inc.P.O. Box 1464

Saskatoon, Sask. S7K 3P7

PR Director

TOWARDS A QUALITY JOURNAL:THE EDITORIAL COMMITTEE AND YOU

Theron G. Sommerfeldt

Editor, Canadian Agricultural Engineering

The function of the Editorial Committee is to ensure that quality papers are published inCanadian Agricultural Engineering. Criteria, as outlined by Bishop (1984), are that each papershould meet accepted constraints, that is, it makes a contribution to knowledge, its claims arewithin reason, it is logical andconsistent, it hastestability andrepeatability, anddue reference ismade to previous work. Further, according toBishop, ajournalthatpersists in thepublication ofapreponderance of trivia canexpect tobecome ignored, lose subscriptions, andeventually suffer awell-earned death. The assessments required to avoid trivia and maintain quality are the responsibility of the Editorial Committee.

As authors, you have the responsibility to ensure that quality manuscripts are submitted. Theimpactof your paperwill be strengthened greatly if it has been well written. If you do not haveaccess to good guidelines to follow for preparingyour manuscript, I can recommend R.A. Day(1983) How to writeandpublish a scientificpaper, 2nd ed., I.S.I. Press, Philadelphia, Pa. 1983.

As an Editorial Committee what do we look for besides the criteria listed? Is the objectiveclearly defined? Does the manuscript follow the guidelines as set out in "Notes to the Contributors" , back pages of the journal? Are there grammatical and spelling errors? Are SI units used?The decision to use SI units was that of the Society.

Our Editorial Committee comprises an Editor and four Associate Editors (subject mattereditors). Although the Editor is fully responsible for the scientific editing of the journal, it is reallythe Asociate Editors who carry the load. Not enough recognition is given to them for all the worktheydo in helpingauthorsget their manuscriptsready for publication. Another group that deservesspecial recognition is the anonymous referees who give of themselves to review,evaluate, and offerconstructive criticism of the papers submitted to them. Their role is vital for ensuring that qualitypapers are accepted in the journal.

In conclusion, the aim of the Editorial committee is to serve you in maintaining a qualityjournal. Also, let each of us, as authors, strive to submit quality papers that meet the criteria statedand comply with the guidelines listed in "Notes to Contributors". If we keep the quality of thepapers high, the quality of the journal will take care of itself, recognizing, of course, that thepublishing has to meet acceptable standards.

Bishop, C.A. (1984) How to edit a scientificjournal. ISI Press, Philadelphia, Pa.

Canadian Agricultural Engineering publishes papers covering the general field of Agricultural Engineering thatfit intooneof thefollowing classifications: (1)a scientific paper based on original research; (2) a technical paperbased on design,development, testing, oranalysis ofmachines, equipment, structures, processes, or practice; (3)a generalpaperoneducationrelative to curricula andphilosophy or trends in science, on a survey or investigation of somephaseof research or researchmethods, or on extension or extension methods. The Editorial Boardmayalso publishabstracts published elsewhere andinteresting news items from members of AgriculturalEngineering.

Manuscripts for publication should be submitted to the Editor. The papers must be original and must have not beenpublished elsewhere orcopyrighted. Theauthor, nottheCSAE,isresponsible foropinions expressed. Information published inCanadian Agricultural Engineering may be quoted in whole or in part provided that credit is given to the author and to thejournal. Publicationcharges are $40/pageplus cost of illustrationsetc. and reprint charges are [$10.00 + (number of sets of100 reprints ordered x $3.00/100 reprints)] x (number of pages per reprint).

The financial supportof the Natural Sciencesand Engineering Research CouncilCanada towards the publication of thisjournal is gratefully acknowledged.

Central Office Address: Suite 907, 151 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIP 5H4Published Semi-Annually (April and September)

Subscription rate: $30.00 per annum, single issue $17.00

NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS

The Editorial Board will assess suitabilityand essential detail of papers submitted forpublication in Canadian Agricultural En-gineering. One or more reviewers will beused. Their comments and suggestions will-becompiled and submitted to the author. Thereview will ensure that:

1. A research paper represents a piece ofresearch carried to a well-defined stage ofadvancement and the conclusions are

adequately supported by the experimentalresults.

2. A technical paper represents a clear,concise, and factual outline and interpretation of the development, design, test, oranalysis under consideration and that it is acontribution in the field of agriculturalengineering.

3. A general paper on education, research, orextension is pertinent to major changes incurriculum, research, or extension or toforward-looking developments in theseareas.

4. A technical note, of one journal page orless, on equipment development, technique of measurement, or method ofanalysis will have an application for otherworkers in the field of agriculturalengineering.

MANUSCRIPT

The manuscript should be typed double-spaced on paper 8V2 x 11 inches(21.6 x 27.9cm)with margins not less than P/4 inches (3.3cm). The first page should contain only thetitle, authors' names, addresses (includingpostal codes), and contribution number whereapplicable. Tables and captions for illustrations should be on separate pages, placed afterthe text. Manuscript paper with numberedlines is preferred. The original and two copiesare required.

The title of the paper should be capitalizedand centered on the page; it should give anaccurate description of the article, using keywords that can be used for computer-indexing.

ORGANIZATION

The paper should be organized to conformwith present Journal practice. Research andtechnical papers-must include a short abstractsection of about 200 words.

Major headings — Center on the page withall words in capital letters.

Subheadings — Start at left-hand margin,capitalize first letter of major words.

Sub-subheadings — Start at left-handmargin, in lowercase except first letter of firstword, and underline.

Technical and detailed information shouldJbe included only in the form of description,table, graph, chart, or photograph. In general,

follow the Council ofBiological Editors StyleManual, 3rd ed., published by the AmericanInstitute of Biological Sciences, 1401 WilsonBoulevard, Arlington, Va. 22209.

References

List references alphabetically by authors atthe end. Include year of publication, title inlower case except first letter of first word, andsource, with volume and page numbers whereapplicable. Names of periodicals should beabbreviated in the form given inBIOSISListofSerials with Title Abbreviations (BioscienceInformation for Service of BiologicalAbstracts, 211 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.19102). Material in press, with the name ofthe journal, may be used as a reference.Private communications and unpublishedreports should be referred to in parentheses inthe text. Avoid the use of footnotes. Use the

author-date system in the manuscript whenreferring to articles in the Reference section.

Tables

Designate tables at the top by table number(Roman numerals) and title, all in capitalletters. All headings and other information intables are to be in lower case except first letterof first word. Keep the table compact andplace it across the page wherever possible. Donot use vertical lines.

Measurements

Use the metric system (SI) in the text.Tables, charts and graphs should be givenonly in metric units.

EquationsEquations and formulas must be set up

clearly. Use capitals for symbols as much aspossible and lower case for superscripts andsubscripts. Greek and other characters shouldbe identified clearly. Equations should benumbered on the right-hand margin in largenumbers and in line with the center of the

equation.

Abbreviations

For commonly used terms, consult the CBEStyle Manual. Abbreviate units of measureonly when used with numerals. Do not useabbreviations in the title. Normally, numbersless than 10 should be spelled out, e.g. six.

Paragraphs'If paragraphs are to be numbered, designate

by Arabic numerals. Designate subparagraphs by lower case letters in parentheses.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Either original drawings or clean, glossyphotographs are acceptable for illustrations.An illustration or group of them should be

planned to fit, after reduction, into a space 58mm wide (one column) or 122 mm wide (twocolumns). The original should be not morethan three times the size of final figure. Thenumber of engravings required, and thereforethe cost to the author, can be reduced if two ormore drawings can be grouped together. Foridentification, the figure number and author'sname should be written on the lower left

corner with soft pencil.

Line drawings should be carefully made inIndia ink on white drawing paper or tracinglinen. Letters, numerals, labels and axiscaptions should be made in capital size with astencil or lettering set, not typewritten. Lettersand numerals must be at least IV2 mm highand preferably 2 mm high in final form.Curves on graphs must be 0.3 mm wide afterreduction. Axes and grid lines should beclearly visible but inconspicuous; a width of0.2 mm after reduction is suggested. Figurenumbers and captions should be typed on aseparate page, not on the original illustrations.When a paper is submitted for publication, theoriginal illustrations need not be provided solong as the copies are of such quality thatreviewers can understand them. Originaldrawings must be provided when the paper isaccepted for publication.

DISCUSSIONS

Discussions may be submitted on any paperor technical note published in the Journal for aperiod of not more than four months followingpublication. Discussion of a paper or technicalnote is open to anyone who has significantcomments or questions about the content ofthe paper/technical note. A discussion will notbe accepted for publication if it containsmaterial readily found elsewhere, is purelyspeculative, introduces personalities orotherwise falls below the standards of atechnical paper in a professional journal.Authors will be given an opportunity to replyto discussions.

The format for discussions differs from

those of papers in that figures are to beidentified by capital letters to avoid confusionwith the original paper. The discusser shouldrefer to himself as "the writer" or "I" and tothe author of the original paper as "theauthor." The first page shows the title of theoriginal paper with a footnote to identify theauthor, volume, page and date. Name andaddress of the writer of the discussion follow

the title.

Discussions will be reviewed by theEditorial Board and possibly the reviewers ofthe original paper. The length of a discussionis restricted to one journal page. Lengthydiscussions will be returned for shortening, orthe writer may be encouraged to submit apaper or technical note.