Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission

CANDLECANDLE-- A New Synchrotron A New Synchrotron Light Source Project in ArmeniaLight Source Project in Armenia

Vasili TsakanovDESY, 7 Dec 2004

Contents

• Introduction• The Project Overview• Scientific Program• Laboratory Activity• International Collaboration• Summary

ScienceScience• Biology• Physics• Material Science• Medicine• Chemistry• Environments

IndustryIndustry• Biotechnology• Electronics• New material• Pharmacy• Nanotechnology• Microfabrication

Electron source

sample detectorX-Rays

Cell Virus Protein Molecule Atom

3rd generationsources

CANDLECANDLE

X-Ray Tubes

1st generation sources

2nd generation sources

Dipole

Wiggler

Undulator

181702.9CanadaCLS11.51843.0AustraliaBoomerang3.13542.5FranceSOLEIL2.05603.0EnglandDIAMOND8.42163.0ArmeniaCANDLECANDLE182403.0USASPEAR3

εNm

L m

E GeV

CountryProjects

• High BrightnessHigh Brightness•• Continues SpectrumContinues Spectrum•• TunabilityTunability•• CoherencyCoherency

User Demands3-10 times exceeds

Why in ArmeniaWhy in Armenia ?? HEP DatabaseHEP Database--20002000

1967- ARUS 6 GeV synchrotron in Armenia

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1950 1970 1990 2010

Brain Drain

Scientists in Armenia per 1mln population.

Brain Drain

Synchrotron Light Sources

CANDLE will serve scientists of 2000km radius region.

3 3 GeVGeV CANDLECANDLE Light SourceLight SourceEnergy 3 GeVCurrent 350 mACircumference 216 mFrequency 499.65 MHz Harm. Number 360Periods No 16 Straight section 4.8mLattice type DBAEmittance 8.4 nmBeam lifetime 18.4 hours

2 nsec

40 psecbunch

beam

Time structure

Radiation CharacteristicsRadiation Characteristics

Dipole beamlineDipole field B (T) 1.354 Critical ph. energy (keV) 8.1

Wiggler type IMagnetic field (T) 1.98 Period length (cm) 17 Critical ph. energy (keV) 11.97

UndulatorMagnetic field (T) 0.3 Period Length (cm) 5 Photon energy n=1,3,5 (keV) 0.85/ 2.6 /4.3

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– Figure of MeritFigure of Merit

yx

ph

SSN

B 24π=

mmm

yx 8.4/9.7, = 0.18=

βη

Brightness

V. Tsakanov et al, Rev. Sci Instr., 2002

M. Ivanian et al, Nucl. Inst. Meth. (A) 2004

High Brightness & Stable Beams

Storage RingStorage Ring-- OpticsOptics

26.422.13 == yx QQ radnmx ⋅= 4.8εEmittance

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– DynamicsDynamics

Dynamical Aperture

Horizontal Vertical

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– Ion Ion TrapingTraping

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350

Number of Bunches

Ion

Mas

s

282

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Number of Bunches

Ion

Mas

s

H 2 (2)

N 2 , CO (28)

CO 2 (44)

CH 4 (16)

282

Stable ion mass Residual gas species

- 2, H2

- 16, CH4

17 -

- 28 , N2 , CO

32 -

33 -

37 -

42 -

- 44, CO2

48 -

Non-stable ions

Traped ions

282

282

Ring impedance

Longit. Impedance - 0.314 Ω Trans. Impedance - 12.5 kΩ/m

NEG

Cu2.5µm 1µm

0.1µm

10µm

Small Gap undulator Impedance

M. Ivanian et al, Phys. Rev STAB-2004

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

1

4433

4433

30

320 12−

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

+×+−=

dthdthdthdthaa

kjZkZ

χαχχχα

χεε

π

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– InstabilitiesInstabilities

ANKA, Transverse, Horizontal

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Relative mode index, n

1 [

sec-1

]

Radiation Damping Rate 1/τ =299 sec-1

10, 11

3 , 4

15, 16

14

5, 6

Single bunch Instability Multi-bunch Instability

Beam LifetimeBeam Lifetime

Coupling 1%Gap Voltage 3.3 MVEnergy Accept. 2.4%Vacuum 1 nTorr----------------------• Elastic scattering 91.4• Inelas. Scattering 55.4• Tousch. Lifetime 39.5• Quant. Lifetime 1038

-------------------

Total - 18.4 hours

Touschek Lifetime

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– MagnetsMagnets

B=1.354 T, G=3.3T/m aperture=44mm

Dipole Quadrupole

G=20 T/m aperture=50mm

Magnet supports

Storage ring Storage ring –– Vacuum systemVacuum system

Material – Stainless SteelVacuum – 1 nTorrFore-vacuum - 2 Turbo-molecular – 16 Titan-sublimation – 80 Ion pumps - 64

Storage Ring Storage Ring –– RFRF

Energy loss/turn 0.97 MeV 1.39 MeV Shunt Impedance 6x3.4 MΏTotal RF power 660 kW 830 kW Gap Voltage 3.3 MV 3.3 MV Energy acceptance 2.4% 2% Energy Spread 0.1% 0.1%

ELETTRA cavity

Booster synchrotronBooster synchrotron

Energy 3 GeV Pulse current 10 mA Repetition 2Hz Circumference 192 m Emittance 75 nm-rad

The tunnel cross-section

Lattice with missing dipole

Dipole B=0.024 - 0.72T

Quadrupole G=10-13 T/m

Sextupole S=90/110 T/m2

Energy ramp and InjectionEnergy ramp and Injection

Emittance vs energy

Dipole ramping rate and energy gain

Injection bump

Injected beam: 1 and 3 turns

75 nm

LinacLinac SPB 500 MHz

TWB 3 GHz

ACC Section 3 GHz

90 kV Gun

SWB 1GHz

5300

5350

5400

5450

5500

5550

5600

5650

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700Longitud inal be am position Z [cm] .

Nu

mb

er

of

par

ticl

es

.

Energy 100 MeV Current 1- 20 mA Pulse length 2-600 nsecFrequency 3 GHz Energy Spread < 1% Emittance < 1 mm-mrad

BeamlinesBeamlines1. Diffraction&scattering (dipole) 2. Protein crystallography (dipole) 3. LIGA (dipole) 4. Medical applications (wiggler) 5. Soft X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy (undulator)

Dipoles Dipoles –– 32 32 Wigglers Wigglers –– 8 8 UndulatorsUndulators--4 4

Exp. Stations ~40Exp. Stations ~40

1st Stage

Diffraction & Scattering Diffraction & Scattering BeamlineBeamline

Initial beam After mirror M1

After DCM Focused Beam

Structural BiologyStructural Biology

• Structural Genomic • Genes and Drugs • DNA complexes • Protein Structure • Drug design • High Capacity Crystallogr. 1992 200420001996

25 000 Protein Structures deposited

• Macro-molecular physics • High-Temp

superconductivity• Physics of nano-particles• Surface physics• Heavy fermions

PhysicsPhysics

Material ScienceMaterial Science

3D structure of new material

Crystal growth

New Crystals • Nano-structures• Nano-tubes

• Chemical Dynamics• Polymers • Nanoscalechemistry • Biochemistry • Catalytic Interfaces

ChemistryChemistry MedicineMedicine

• Angiography • Bronchography• Mammography • Computed Tomography • Photon Activation Therapy • Microbeam Radiation Therapy

MicroMicro--fabricationfabrication

MicroElectromech. System

X-Ray Lithography - LIGA

Annual Microfabrication Market–

25 billions doll. in 2002160 billions doll. in 2010

2007

λ=308 nm, refraction, lense, scale- 130nm

EUV, λ =13 nm, reflection, mirrors,

scale-13nm

Electronics

Site

Geology

•• Easy AccessEasy Access•• FlatnessFlatness•• GeologyGeology•• Office BuildingOffice Building

ASLS-CANDLE R-001-02

July 2002

CANDLE

Design Study of 3 GeV Synchrotron Light Source

A. Abashian7, M. Aghasyan6, G. Amatuni1, V. Arakelyan3, V.Avagyan1,R. Avakian3,V. Ayvazyan4,H. Gagiyan1,

A.Grigoryan2,B.Grigoryan1,M. Ivanian1, V.Jalalyan1, S. Harutiunyan2, V. Harutunyan3, A. Kirakosyan2,

V.Khachatryan1,E.Laziev1,Y.Martirosyan1, A. Melkonyan1, R. Mikaelyan1,S. Minasyan1,

S. Nagdalyan1, A. Petrosyan1, K. Rehlich4, K. Sanosyan1, S.N. Simrock4, S. Tatikian1,V.

Tsakanov1, A.Vardanyan1,V. Vartanian5, A. Yayloyan1,H. Yeritsyan3

1 CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia2 Yerevan State University YSU, Yerevan, Armenia

3 Yerevan Physics Institute YerPhI, Yerevan Armenia4Deutches Electronen Synchr. DESY, Hamburg, Germany

5Stanford University, Stanford, USA 6 CAMD, Baton Rouge,USA

7Virginia Tech., Balcksburg, USA

08 December 2001 01 February 2002

01 July 2002 08 July 2002

CANDLE ActivityCANDLE Activity

Review Panel, 14Review Panel, 14--15 Aug 200215 Aug 2002State Dept.

E. Smith, M. Longi, T. AdamsWorld Bank

P. Nicholas L. Freinkman

PanelG. Shenoy, ANLB. Batterman, Cornell T. Narain, Serv. Assoc.M. Duffey, G. Wash.Univ.H. Winick, Stanf. Univ.E. Gluskin, ANLJ. Galayda, Stanf. Univ.D. Moncton, ANL, M. Tigner, Cornell Univ (Chair)

““CANDLECANDLE is a world-class project enabling frontier research in a whole spectrum of basic and applied sciences.

an excellent investment from scientific-technical point of view.”From Panel Report

Review Panel, 14-15 Aug 2002

Offices & LaboratoriesOffices & Laboratories

Vacuum LaboratoryBeamline Lab

WorkshopOffices

08 Dec 2001 18 Feb 2002

From Design Simulation

First MagnetFirst Magnet

May 27 , 2003 MADE IN ARMENIA

To Fabrication

Proposals Proposals • Total number of proposals – 82• Number of Scientists - 284• Number of Institutes - 41• Countries - 7

Armenia, England, Germany, Georgia, France, Russia, USA

Fields : Physics, Biology, Medicine, Chemistry, Environment, Material science,

ALS, SPEAR3, SLS, BESSY, ELETTRAALS, SPEAR3, SLS, BESSY, ELETTRA

Scientists ~ 2000/ yearInstitutions >200Industrial Comp. >30Countries ~20

Vision by 2010Vision by 2010

Users meeting

Armenia

“From a review of the 69 experimental proposals , it is clear that strong Armenian user community will emerge as the facility is readied”

From Panel review

1. Yerevan State University2. Yerevan Phyisics Institute3. Yerevan Engineering University4. Institute of Applied Researchl5. Inst. Of Radiophysics and Electronics6. Institute of Physical Research7. Yerevan Medical University8. Orbeli Inst. Of Physiology9. Inst. Of Common and Nonorganic Chemistry10. Inst. Of Botany11. Yerevan Architectural University 12. Center of Molecular Study

CANDLE will drive the country development as a high technology and excellence island in this part of the word.

L. Mkrtchian (Minister of Science and Educat.)

National Academy of Sciences expresses the lasting support for the CANDLE creation and usage.

Resolution of NAS RA

ArmeniaArmenia

We believe the project is worthy of support by the private sector, the international community, the US and Armenian governments.

Vardan Oskanian (Minister Of FA)

International CollaborationInternational Collaboration

• Armenia - NAS, YSU, YerPhI• Bulgaria - Inst. Nucl. Research• Germany - DESY, ANKA, BESSY, TUD, RU• Greece - Inst. Accel. Syst., Athens Univ.• France - Provence Univ, ESRF• Italy - ELETTRA• USA - DOE, Virginia Tech, SLAC• Russia - JINR, IMT, FIAN • Georgia - Tbilisi Univ, NAS• Tailand - SIAM

• Letter of Supports• Memorandums of Understanding• Collaboration Agreements

International CollaborationInternational Collaboration

• Letter of Supports• Memor. of Understanding• Collaboration Agreements

European Round Table for SR and FEL

International Atomic Energy Agency

Armenia, Germany, France, Italy, USA, Russia, Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia

European European LaboratoriesLaboratories

DESY contribution

150 MW S-Band KlystronControl Systems

9 Sept 2003 – Permission by State dept. for technology transfer

3 GHz RF components

University of Region de Provence

Support to the CANDLE project and express of interest in

Structural biology

Nanostructures

European UnionEuropean UnionEuropean Parliament Resolution

26 February 2004

“An Involvement of the Union in the Armenian CANDLE synchrotron project would be a sign of encouragement to this project which

concerned chiefly the European scientific teams “Amendment 102

04 June 2004

Meeting of President RA with CANDLE Board

ArmeniaArmenia

Cost & ScheduleCost & Schedule

2002 –2003 - Design 2003-2005 – Prototyping2005-2008- Construction2009 2009 -- OperationOperation

Cost Cost - $48 mlnwith 5 exper. stations

4

15 12.5 12

4

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

millions

Stage 2 (2005) – 4 mln doll.

Prototypes, Test stands, Infrastructue

Armenia and CANDLE is ready for construction

Funding Sources

Arm. Government, State Dept. , European Union, Diaspora, Direct Collab, Companies, Internat. Org.

Organizational issue

Consul, Board,Advisory committees

Development of User Case !

2006−2009

Construction

Committee on Science and Technology in Armenia

J. Baldeschwieler ( Nat. Acad)

Barry Barish ( CalTech)

N. Neureiter ( Nat. Acad.)

February- October 2004

• CANDLE is a place where investment to enable the next step might lead to a major improvement in S&T infrastr. in Armenia

• Recommendation for allocation of 4 mln $US for 2005

CANDLE OrganizationCANDLE Organization (vision)(vision)

Proposal Study Panels

Technical Advisory Committee

COUNCIL

DIRECTOR GENERAL

Science Director

TechnicalDirector

Planning & Administration

Scientific Advisory Committee

Users Executive Committee

Science PolicyPanel

Management and Finance Panel

•• International LaboratoryInternational Laboratory

•• User Friendly EnvironmentUser Friendly Environment

•• World Class ResearchWorld Class Research

Welcome to Welcome to CANDLECANDLE