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Cansfield Science Year 8
Biology:
Health and Lifestyle
Structure and Function of Body Systems
Chemistry:
Reactions
Physics:
Energy
Biology 1 – Health and Lifestyle
Nutrients Q: Match the nutrient to the correct use
Nutrient Use
Carbohydrates Provides energy
Protein Helps your body to grow
Vitamins Bulking food that helps food pass through the gut
Minerals Repair and growth
Lipids Provides energy
Water Needed in all cells and bodily fluids
Fibre Help the body use other nutrients efficiently
Q: What is the other name for a lipid? …………………………………………...
Q: What are the two types of Carbohydrate? …………………………………………... …………………………………………...
Food tests Q: What is the name of the test used to test for the presence of the following nutrients? (Choose from the list below)
Benedicts reagent Iodine solution Biuret solution alcohol/distilled water
Protein ………………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...
Lipids …………………………………………...…………………………………………...…………………………………………...
Starch …………………………………………...………………………………………………...……………………………………...
Sugar …………………………………………...…………………………………………………...…………………………………...
Q: What would a Positive test for the following nutrients look like? (State the colour change)
Protein ………………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...
Lipids …………………………………………...…………………………………………...…………………………………………...
Starch …………………………………………...………………………………………………...……………………………………...
Sugar …………………………………………...…………………………………………………...…………………………………...
Energy in Food
Q: A balanced diet contains the right amount of each of the food groups. Place the following food groups in the
correct order of how much of our diets they should make up, from most to least.
Protein Lipids Carbohydrates Fruit and vegetables
……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………
Most Least
Q: Describe how you would compare the amount of energy in two different unknown crisps.
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Q: Give two examples of control variables you would use in the above experiment.
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Digestive system Q: Label the following diagram of the digestive system
Q: What is the name of the process whereby food is pushed through the gut by squeezing the food from behind?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: In which organ do the following processes take place?
Process Organ
Food is churned around with acid to break down into a slurry
Water is absorbed from the food
Bile salts are stored
Bile salts are produced
Nutrients are absorbed from the food
Faeces are stored before being excreted.
Regulates blood sugar levels
Q: Explain why our small intestine is unable to digest starch directly
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Q: Explain how the body does digest starch molecules in the small intestine
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Q: What are the small finger-like protrusions covering the wall of the small intestine called? …………………………………..
Enzymes Q: What nutrient do the following enzymes help to digest?
Lipase ……………….....…………………………………………...…………………………………
Protease ……………….....…………………………………………...…………………………………
Carbohydrase ……………….....…………………………………………...…………………………………
Q: Amylase is the protein used to digest starch. Where in the body is Amylase found? …………………………………………..
Q: What does Amylase break starch down into? …………………………………………..
Q: Complete the following sentence using these words:
Lactobacillius Lactose Lactic acid.
………………………………….. is a bacteria used in making yoghurt. It breaks down ………………………………….., which is a type
of sugar into ………………………………….., which has a low pH giving the yoghurt it’s sharp taste.
Transport of Nutrients Q: Connect the correct diagram to the correct statement.
Q: Describe briefly, in your own words, what is happening in the set of diagrams above.
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: Where in the body does this occur? ………………………………….………………………………………….....………
Visking
tubing Water
Key
= Starch
= Sugar
Start with starch in the
visking tubing. Starch
is too big to fit
through the gaps, so
can’t escape into the
water.
When we add
amylase, it starts to
digest the starch and
break it down into
sugar
The sugar is small
enough to fit through
the holes in the
Visking tubing, so
travels into the water
through diffusion.
After some time, the
sugar will have spread
out. There is now the
same concentration of
sugar inside and
outside the tubing.
Q: Give one way in which we can cause our enzymes to work at their highest efficiency.
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: What would happen to the rate of digestion if the surface area of a food item was increased?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Which part of the digestive system is designed to increase the surface area of our food?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: If an enzyme is “denatured” what does this mean? Give two ways in which you could denature an enzyme.
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Biology 2 - Structure and Function of Body Systems
Levels of Organisation Q: Place the following levels of organisation on the pyramid, from most complex (top) to least complex (bottom)
Organism Organ Tissue Cell Organ system
Q: Match the correct cell to the following statements
Red blood cell Nerve cell Bone cell.
….………………………………………….....………Cells don’t have a nucleus so they can carry more oxygen
….………………………………………….....………cells are very long so they can send messages faster.
….………………………………………….....………cells are incredibly hard as they form the strong structure of the body
Q: Match the correct tissue to the statement:
Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue.
….…………………………………………..... tissues, such as bone and tendons, hold the body together
….………………………………………….....tissues move your limbs, push food through your gut and make your heartbeat!
….………………………………………….....tissues, like your brain and nerves, send messages around your body controlling all
it’s important systems
Q: Match the organs to the correct organ system
Wind pipe, Brain, Bones, Muscles, Oesophagus, Veins, Lungs, Tendons, Spinal cord, Stomach, Joints, Heart, Spinal
cord, Pancreas, Trachea, Cartilage, Ligaments, Arteries.
Organ system Organ
Nervous system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Circulatory system
Q: Put the following organisms into the correct category of organism.
Dog, Venus Flytrap, Human, Rock, Virus, Hawk, Worm, Bacteria, Book, Fungus, Tree.
Type of organism Organism
Animal
Plant
Microorganism
Not living
Q: Number the following in order from least (1) to most (5) complex
Brain ……………………………
Nerve cell ……………………………
Nervous tissue ……………………………
Nervous system ……………………………
Human ……………………………
Lungs and Gas Exchange Q: Which of the following diagrams, left or right, shows exhaling and which
shows inhaling?
Exhaling ………………………………..
Inhaling ………………………………..
Q: What is the diaphragm? What is its function?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: Describe how the diaphragm and ribcage move when inhaling and exhaling
Action Ribcage Diaphragm
Inhaling
Exhaling
Q: When inhaling, what gas are you extracting from the air? ……………………………………………………………….
Q: When exhaling, what gas are you excreting into the air? ………………………………………………………………..
Skeleton Q: What are the four functions of the skeleton?
1. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
2. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
3. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
4. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
Q: What is meant by an “Exoskeleton”?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Correctly label each of the following bones
Joints Q: What are the three functions of our joins?
1. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
2. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
3. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
Q: Describe the function of the following joint structures
Structure Function
Muscle
Cartilage
Ligament
Fluid
Tendon
Q: What are the 4 major types of joints in the human body?
1. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
2. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
3. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
4. ………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………
Q: Label each of the following joints with the correct type of joint
…………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………
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Muscles Q: What is the “Antagonist system” with respect to muscles?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: Describe what happens to your biceps and triceps when you
move your arm down.
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………
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Q: Describe what happens to your biceps and triceps when you
move your arm up.
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: What is meant by “muscle fatigue”?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Chemistry 1 – Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Q: Complete the following sentenced using the two terms below
Chemical change Physical change
In a ……………….………………………………………….. the atoms in a compound rearrange to create new compounds.
In a ……………….………………………………………….., no atoms are rearranged, so the chemical formula remain the same.
Q: Give 3 examples of signs that a chemical or a physical change has occurred.
Physical change Chemical change
Q: Are the following reactions examples of chemical or physical changes?
Reaction Chemical or physical?
Boiling water
Burning methane and oxygen (Bubbles!)
Melting chocolate
Burning chocolate
Lemon juice and bicarbonate of soda.
Word equations Q: Complete the following table
Common name Chemical name Elements in the compound
Common salt sodium chloride sodium, chlorine
water hydrogen, oxygen
ammonia nitrogen hydride
‘rotten egg’ gas hydrogen sulphide
Q: Fill in the missing words from the following equations
1. …………………….....…………………………………………...……+ oxygen → carbon dioxide
2. lead + oxygen → …………………….....…………………………………………...……oxide
3. copper + oxygen → copper …………………….....…………………………………………...……
4. tin + …………………….....…………………………………………...…… → tin chloride
5. sodium + chlorine → …………………….....…………………………………………...……
Q: The table below shows the name and chemical formulas of some compounds. Fill in the blanks (You can find a
periodic table to help you on google!)
Name of compound
Chemical formula
Number of different elements in the
compound
Total number of atoms in the compound
Names of elements in the compound
Magnesium oxide MgO 2
Potassium oxide K2O
FeS
Potassium hydroxide KOH 3
Calcium carbonate CaCO3
Burning Fuels Q: What does “combustion” mean?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Complete the diagram below to show what a fire needs to burn, and what it produces
……………………….....……………………… ……………………….....………………………
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Q: What is meant by the tern “Hydrocarbon”?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: Give two examples of hydrocarbons.
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Thermal Decomposition Q: What is meant by the term “Decomposition”?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: What is meant by the word Thermal in the term “Thermal decomposition?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Q: Do the following equations show decomposition?
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 → 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 ……………….....……………………………………
𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝐼𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑒 → 𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 + 𝐼𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑒 ……………….....……………………………………
𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 → 𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 + 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 ……………….....……………………………………
Q: Combustion and decomposition usually release carbon dioxide. What test do we use to show it’s presence?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: What would a positive result for this test look like?
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Conservation of Mass Q: State what is meant by the conservation of mass.
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Q: What units are used to measure mass? …………………………………………...…
Q: How many of these are in a kilogram? …………………………………………...…
Q: What are the units used to measure weight? …………………………………………...…
Q: An open container contained 150g of lead carbonate. After heating for 5 hours, the contents of the container
were measured to have a mass of 98g.
How much mass was “lost” from the container? Where did it go?
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Exothermic and Endothermic Q: What is the name of the energy involved in heat?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: If an experiment becomes hot as it progresses, is that an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Describe what is happening, in terms of thermal energy, during an endothermic reaction.
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Q: Are the following reactions exothermic or endothermic?
Reaction Exothermic or endothermic?
Burning wood
A cold pack
Melting an ice cube
Evaporating water
Condensing water
Physics 3 – Energy
Is food a fuel? Q: What is the process called where a fuel is burned?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: What are the products of this type of reaction?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: What two nutrients do we use for energy production?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: What is the process called where these nutrients are broken down into energy in the body?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Considering the above, is food considered a fuel? Explain your answer
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Energy Transfer Q: The different types of energy store you must remember can be recalled using the following:
CEMENTKG
What are the 8 different types of energy store?
…………….………………………………… …………….…………………………………
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Q: State the Law of Conservation of Energy.
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Q: A Microwave consumes 100kj of electrical energy.
50kj is converted to thermal energy, 10kj is converted into kinetic energy for the spinning plate and the rest is
converted to sound energy. Draw an energy transfer diagram below to show this system.
Q: Which of the above energies are considered waste energy? Explain your answer.
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
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Conduction and Convection Q: In which states of matter do conduction and convection occur?
Conduction ………………………………...………………………
Convection ………………………………...………………………
Q: Explain what conduction of thermal energy is and explain how it happens.
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Q: Explain what convection of thermal energy is and explain how it happens.
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Heat transfer – Radiation Q: Conduction and convection occur through solids, liquids and gasses. As space is a vacuum, it is not possible for
thermal energy to transfer by conduction or convection.
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is responsible for thermal energy transfer from the sun to the Earth?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Jeff and Tony are out and about on a hot summer’s day. Tony has worn a white t-shirt while Jeff has worn a black
t-shirt. Explain why Jeff overheated and became ill.
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Q: What colour cup would you store hot coffee in on a winter’s day? Explain your answer.
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Energy Resources Q: Give three examples of fossil fuels
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Q: Where did these fossil fuels originate from and where do we find them now?
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Q: Explain briefly how these fossil fuels are used to generate electricity.
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Q: Give five examples of renewable energy sources.
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Q: Fossil fuels, when burned, give off a certain greenhouse gas that isn’t emitted when using renewable energy
sources. What is the name of this gas?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Energy and Power Q: What is power a measurement of?
………………………………….………………………………………….....…………………………………………...………………………………….………………
Q: Power can be calculated using the equation below. Complete the equation triangle for this equation.
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑊) =𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐽)
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 (𝑠)
Q: What units are used to measure power?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Q: Complete the following table using the equation above.
Power (W) Energy transferred Time taken (s)
400 4
500 500
1200 12
39,000 60
700 70
Work Done
Q: Explain what is meant by “Work done”.
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Q: Work done can be calculated using the equation below. Complete the equation triangle for this equation.
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 (𝑵𝒎) = 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 (𝑵) 𝒙 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 (𝒎)
Q: What units are used to measure work done?
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Q: Levers and gears are examples of “Force multipliers”. Explain what is meant by this term.
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