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Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation Implementation for
Asia and the Pacific Region
Integrated Model on Trade Facilitation and e-Business
2005-03-17/18, KL, Malaysia
Jean E. [email protected]
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
UN/CEFACT
UNECE regional level and cooperation with other UN Regional Commissions and organizations
Develop and maintain international standards and instruments;
Integrating UN/CEFACT’s instruments into the new policy frameworks;
Strategic capacity building and promotion to support gretaer implementation of existing instruments
Simple, Transparent and Effective Processes for Global Business.
UN/CEFACT Mission
UN/CEFACT
Enquiry ValidationCredit Arrangements
Refund claim
Long Leaditems
Export LicenceShort Lead Components
Delivery to port
DocumentationDehire GKN pallets
Delivery to customers warehouse
Unload and store
Retail sale
Payment by customer
Payment oftransportand FOBcharges
£
Added valueand cost
Omagh to Algeria. 1 Order – 360 net tonnes, 21 weeks
Invoice and order administration
Unload, re-pack
Delivery to customs warehouse
Exit clearance from community
Refund payment and administration
12 13 15 16 19 21 Weeks
(approx)
Main vessel loading
Sea Crossing
Main vessel off-loading
Artwork Order receipt and administrationRequest Health Certificates, Licences
Documentation
Pre-shipment InspectionCustoms formalities (Inland)
Manufacture
Load and despatch
Proof of export
Inwards clearance
Time and Cost implications
UN/CEFACT
Current Logistics Cost/GDP
Thailand
Japan
USA
EU
~ 25-30%
~ 11%
~ 10%
~ 7%
• Logistics – Efficiency flow of Goods• Logistics Cost in Thailand is quite high.
Cost reduction opportunity in LogisticsFor example 5% of GDP ~ 7.5 Million USD
Competitiveness of a nation
UN/CEFACT
Competitive Strategy
Supply Chain Strategy
Drivers
Inventory Transportation
Facilities Information
Supply Chain Structure
Source: Chopra & Meindl 2001
Efficiency Responsiveness
Drivers of Supply Chain Performance
UN/CEFACT
Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Trade
Ministry of Finances
Reduce transaction costsReduce transaction costs
Monitor external trade flowsMonitor external trade flows
Customs reform& modernization
Trade facilitationmeasures
Door-to-doorLogistics
Private Sector
Actor : Institutions
UN/CEFACT
Constitution dossier Achat
Signature et cachet
Résultat contrôle Labo
Labo Contrôle
Fax et courrier
Préparation Titre d'importation
Assurance
Suivi commande
Lettre d'engagement si produit inflamable
Constitution Dossier
Calcul de la freinte
Stockage
non conforme
Formulaire d' écart
Lettre de non conformité / F
Produit Isolé
B. de Retour MP
Enregistrement Informatisé
B. d'entrée interne
Vérification de la saisie
Calcul prix de revient
Classement et Archivage
Photocopie document
conforme
Transporteur
Livraison
Avis d'embarq.
Documents d'expédition
Agence Maritime
Déclaration douanière
Règlement douane
Enlèvement M.P
D T C
Contrôle Périodique
Note d'achat Demande d'offre de prix
B.C ManuelAnalyse des d'offres
Stock Mini atteint
B.C informatisé
55
Offre de prix fact. Proforma
Confirmation Commandes
17
16108
2322
1918
24
1 2 4
Classement des documents
Produit retourné
Comptabilité
Transitaire
3
52
5543 1086
18
9
19 20 22
30 31
32 33
8 29185 17 21
14 12
13 11
13 14
6
5 8 29 30 31
32 33
3
16 17
1716
Photocopie Doc.
Prélèvement des échantillons
Déchargement
Contrôle Qté Signat. & Cachet BL
Réception
11
16 17 2828
5 8 21
30 31
29
3332
Etiquettage non-conformité
2121
28
27
23
10 19
18 24
8
22
24
333231302921
36
11
7
15
15
15
12
12 12 12 12
12
Constitution dossier Achat
Signature et cachet
Résultat contrôle Labo
Labo Contrôle
Fax et courrier
Suivi commandeConstitution
Dossier
Calcul de la freinte
Stockage
non conforme
Produit Isolé
Enregistrement Informatisé
Vérification de la saisie
Calcul prix de revient
Classement et Archivage
Photocopie document
conforme
Transporteur
Livraison
Avis d'embarq.
Documents d'expédition
Agence
Maritime
Déclaration
douanière
Règlement douane
Enlèvement M.P
Contrôle Périodique
Demande d'offre
de prix
Analyse des d'offres
Stock Mini atteint
B.C informatisé
33
Offre de prix fact. Proforma
Confirmation Commandes
98651
Classement des documents
Produit retourné
Comptabilité
Transitaire
2
32
332 54 6
12 13 14 15
5 763
4
3 5 11 12 13
14 15
2
Photocopie Doc.
Prélèvement des échantillons
Déchargement
Contrôle Qté Signat.
& Cachet BL
Réception
3 5 7
12 13
11
1514
77
8
5 9615141312117
16
D T C
911
Total Trade Transaction – Integrated supply-chain
The UN/CEFACT Vision
Trade facilitation
Competitiveness – trade efficiency
UN/CEFACT
Integration and conectivity
Single Window, UN/CEFACT Rec 33
Rec 4
Infrastructure
High SpeedBackbone
Server & Storage
IP IntegratedNetwork
IP Convergence
Service
Continuous Business Operation
SMC Processes
SecurityEnterprise
System Mgmt
Enterprise Intelligence
Government SystemsA
da
pto
r
Ad
ap
tor
Private Sector
Systems
EnterpriseServiceDelivery
Enterprise Services & Applications
PortalFramework
Citizen
sE
mp
loyees
Private S
ector
Go
vernm
ents
ExternalSystems
InternetKiosk
Telephony
Forms
Wireless
e-MailLetters
FaxBrochures
Face to Face
CHANNELS
UN/CEFACT
The International Trade Transaction Process
BUY SHIP PAYSeller Buyer
Intermediary
Authority
UN/CEFACT
The International Trade Transaction Process
BUY
EstablishBusiness
Agreement
RequestQuotation
Negotiate Agree Contract
Order
INVOLVES
Commercial Procedures
• Establish Contract• Order Goods• Advise On Delivery• Request Payment
UN/CEFACT
The International Trade Transaction Process
SHIP
Prepare forExport
Export Transport Prepare for
ImportImport
INVOLVES
Transport Procedures
• Establish Transport Contract• Collect,Transport and Deliver Goods• Provide Waybills, Goods Receipts
Status reports etc.
Regulatory Procedures
• Obtain Import/Export Licences etc• Provide Customs Declarations• Provide Cargo Declaration• Apply Trade Security Procedures• Clear Goods for Export/Import
V: Transit - VIII: Proportionality- X:
Publication
UN/CEFACT
The International Trade Transaction Process
PAY
Prepare forPayment
Request Payment
Initiate Payment
Execute Payment
Advise Payment
INVOLVES
Financial Procedures
• Provide Credit Rating• Provide Insurance• Provide Credit• Execute Payment• Issue Statements
UN/CEFACT
YESTERDAY(informal description)
Scope
Fieldspecs
Formatspecs
Usageguidelines Usage
rules
Example ValidationrulesInformation
flow
TODAY(A methodology)
BusinessRequirements
WHY
LogicalDesign
WHAT
TechnicalImplementation
HOW
TRANSACTIONS & DOCMENTSS
BUSINESS MODEL
-SWIFTIdent: BIC
InstructingParty
-SWIFTIdent: BIC
ExecutingParty
-Security: ISIN-Action: {Buy/Sell}
Trade
-TradeDate: Date-PriceCondition: Real-OrderedQty: Real
TradeCondition
OrderToBuyOrSell
INTERNET
Codification and transfer of knowledge
Unified Modelling
Methodology (UMM)
June 2005 – 4 BRS UN/CEFACT
Standards
UN/CEFACT
Combined Approach
Paper Documentaligned to UN Layout Key
UNeDocs
XML or UN/EDIFACT
Electronic Edit Form
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><n:Invoice xmlns:n="urn:oasis:names:tc:ubl:Invoice:1.0:0.70" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:oasis:names:tc:ubl:Invoice:1.0:0.70UBL_Library_0p70_Invoice.xsd">
<cat:ID>token</cat:ID><cat:IssueDate>2003-02-14</cat:IssueDate><n:TaxPointDate>2003-02-14</n:TaxPointDate><cat:BuyerParty>
<cat:PartyName><cat:Name>Bills
Microdevices</cat:Name></cat:PartyName>
</cat:BuyerParty><cat:SellerParty>
<cat:ID/><cat:PartyName>
<cat:Name>Joes Office Supply</cat:Name>
</cat:SellerParty><cat:InvoiceLine>
<cat:ID>1</cat:ID><cat:InvoicedQuantity
unitCode="token">5</cat:InvoicedQuantity><cat:Item>
<cat:Description>Pencils, box #2 red</cat:Description>
</cat:Item></cat:InvoiceLine>
</n:Invoice>
UN/CEFACT
Objectives must be clear
Balance revenue enhancing, economic efficiency, security, external trade policy for market access
Facilitation
Efficiency
•Exchange of goods and services
•Government
•Regional
•Security
•Production
•Private
•National
•trade
Colombus Ministerial
Declaration on Trade
Efficiency, UNCTAD 1994
UN/CEFACT
Trade Facilitation increase efficiency and support export transaction
Trade facilitation is to analyze, rationalize and inter-relate the fundamental requirements of the national/international trade transaction. This requires taking into account the essential, underlying reasons for these activities - including the purposes of a range of official controls and the functional background to change of ownership and responsibilities, the assessment and imposition of duties and taxes and various modes of payment for goods or related serviceselements of international processes, procedures and transactions and working for the elimination of constraints (J. Raven, 1994)
Export formalities raise the transaction cost
Definition
UN/CEFACT
All UNECE Recommendations, codes, standards and publications are available for free on our website at:
– www.unece.org/trade– www.uncefact– www.unece.org/etrades/unedocs/– www.unemed.net
International Standards add value and are scalable
UN/CEFACT
Key steps on the road to paperless trade
The Win Win Situation
– Better Information, structured Information, Advance Information, Automation
Governments: – Risk assessment, Security, Compliance, market
access, Information Society Trade: – Transaction and SC risk, costs, services
•
UN/CEFACT
Win win is not enough to make it happen
– Clear understanding of benefits/costs– Enabling Framework – Strong leadership and commitments– International Cooperation and
Pathfinder Projects
Roadmap for Paperless trade in International Supply Chains
•
UN/CEFACT
Paperless Trade in International Supply Chain
Enhancing Efficiency and Security
– SC Information: Current trends and future orientation
– Benefits: Governments and Trade– Experience: Single Window
Implementations– What do we need to make it happen? Roadmap for paperless trade
•
UN/CEFACT
- APEC Symposium 04-07-21/23- UN/CEFACT Forum, 04-09-13/17, US WAS- Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation,2004, GVA, CH- 6th. UN/CEFACT Forum, March 2005, Malaysia- Capacity Building Workshop on Trade Facilitation,2005, Malaysia- 3rd. International Forum on Trade facilitation, 05-06-20/21, CH, VA- 11th. UN/CEFACT Plenary, 05-06-22/24, CH GVA
An internationally agreed meaningful roadmap, including existing and current developments, to achieve efficiency and security in the supply chain ....
On the road to..