CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

Prof. Santosh Kumar,Niational Institute of Disaster management

DISASTER

RISK VULNERABILITYX= HAZARD CAPACITY

WHY CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ?

Rehabilitation

Prevention

Mitigation

Preparedness

Mitigation Hazard Risk and

Vulnerability

Planning

Reconstruction

Disaster

Development +

Environment Sustainability                

disaster scenario non-disaster scenario

   

 

Hazard Risk & Vulnerability Reduction Cycle/Spiral- SK

ResponseResponse & Relief

Rehabilitation

Mitigation

Prevention

Preparedness

Mitigation Hazard Risk and

Vulnerability Reduction

ReCOvERy

Planning

Reconstruction

Disaster

Conventional Approach

Disaster = Hazard

Focus: emergency management

Alternative Approach

Hazard people’s vulnerability

Focus : technical view point + socio-economic and political considerations

Dominant Approach

Isolated eventsResponding to emergenciesTechnical solutions

Holistic Approach

Combination of vulnerabilities and capacities

Relief and development paradigm

Dominant Alternative

Isolated Events Unresolved problems of development

Less emphasis on social linkages Emphasis on social linkage

Technical solutions Interacting solutions

Centralized Democratic

Implementing agencies less accountable

Implementing agencies more accountable

Return to earlier status Opportunity for development

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS A PUBLIC GOOD

HAVE PUBLIC POLICY ON CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

HENCE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AT ALL LEVELS- LOCAL, STATE AND NATIONAL LEVELS IDENTIFIED AND STETHEN

WHAT IS CAPACITY ?

Capacity is simply the ways and means needed to do what has to be done. It is much broader than simply knowledge and skills.

What are the COMPONENTS OF CAPACITY ?

Skills, knowledge, activities Motivation and willingness Ability to do proactive initiatives Reasons to carry out the tasks given

– Human– Financial– Infrastructure (building, equipment, access, policy)– Policy / regulatory permission

What is CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ?

Capacity Development refers to the approaches, strategies and methodologies used to improve performance at the individual, organizational, network at system level.

WHAT FOR CAPACITY DEVRLOPMENTIMPROVEDIMPROVED

PERFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE AND REDUCED RISKSREDUCED RISKS

PRESENTPERFORMANCE

ENABLINGENABLINGOBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

HOUSEHOLD /INDIVIDUAL/INSTITUTIONS

WEL

L-B

EIN

G IN

DEX

POVERTY LINE

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

DISASTER

DISASTER

29

LOW INVESTMENT

VICIOUS CYCLE OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

LOW CAPACITY LINE CAPACITY

loss

LOW PERFORMANCE/

h

Need for sustainable capacity development

Continuity of program for capacity development Develop ownership to the sector / progress and

emerging abilities to carry out initiatives Support from the highest authority Continuation cycle of planning, implements,

assess and new skills / updating of the module and training system

Continuous adoptive approaches for changing circumstances.

Relation between capacity building and HRD.

Both these terms had overlapping definitions. The various ways to build capacity of the community. Some of these are:

  Training   Knowledge management.   Institutional Development Awareness generation Research Creating an enabling environment

This is Hazard

What is CD FRAMEWORK ?

Multi-stakeholder

Multi – Level Multi-Hazard

SOCIO-CULURALAND GEOGRPHICALBACKGROUD

RESOURCE DEVELOPMET

LEADERSHIP

FACULTY & STAFF DEVELOPMET

ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT HARD WARE & SOFTWARE

NETWORKING/ KNOWLEDGE MGT

LOCAL LEVEL

STATE LEVEL

NATIONAL LVEL

What is the STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

This would broadly be divided in two parts: (a) Education to cover school, college, university, technical, professional and informal education. (b) Training to cover all relevant sectors and levels including training of communities.

CAPACITY BUILDING OF WHOM ? WHICH INDIVIDUAL ? WHICH INSTITUTION ?Ministries /Authorities and state

governments (A/K)Government officers ( execution and

operations)-all sectors K/S/ACorporate officials ( as support

providers) K/S/A

NGOs representatives ( operational level K/S)

Voluntary workers ( operational level/K/S)Community ( Operational level K/S) Individuals (operational level K/S)

Strategy

Create critical mass of professionals in all the sectors at the village, block, district and state levels which involves designing and and conducting of programmes.

Impart inputs of varying duration to a wide range of govt. functionaries by add on modules

Total target for the capacity development ??No. of trainees to be identifiedTNA has to be conductedNo. of partner institutions to be networkedNo. of trainers to be createdNo. of areas to be identified No. of modules to be developedSustainability of initiatives to be ensuredResource allocation

METHODLOGY

Reach the un-reached functionaries at the cutting edge level- Patwari, village heath worker, constables by incorporating modules in the monthly meetings at the local level.

Build awareness and enhance the coping capacity of the communities at risk through appropriate training and technical information.

Re-training

Updating knowledge and skills of persons already trained

DISASTER MANAGEMENT HRD & CAPACITY BUILDING :SOME ISSUES Organizational level

Inadequate instititutional arrangements for DM

Lack of coordinated and guided approach supported by suitable policies and plans for HRD

Limited linkages with the other stakeholders Limited coordination between community-

based organizations, scientific institutions, and the government;

Personal levelInadequate education in disaster managementInadequate attitudinal orientation towards disaster risk

management Inadequate high quality professional trainers for building

mitigation Infrastructural level

Inadequate focus for skill developmentInadequate infrastructure for DM training in the country

(including existing institutions)In the institutions, limited infrastructure available for skill

development

DM HRD & Capacity Building: Some sectoral Issues

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IS THE LOWEST PRIORY

INVISIBLE DIFFICULT TO QUANTIFY AND

ANALYSE IN THE FORMAT OF COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Research & Education systemsDisaster Mitigation is yet to penetrate into education

system in India. A beginning in schooling and university/technical education is made.

Very few research work have been taken in this sector. Research is largely confined to the technical institutions only.

Research & documentation gets activated only after disaster strikes.

DM HRD & Capacity Building: Some Issues

Public awarenessDisaster events have become mechanisms for a

short-lived public-awareness in IndiaLeast spending by the stakeholders (different

sectors) to educate public on risk mitigationHRD and Capacity building has been always a

low priority

DM HRD & Capacity Building: Some challanges

CHALLENGE

PRECEDENCE VIS A VIS INNOVATION