Capital Currency

8/12/2019 Capital Currency

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RRB OFFICER & ASSISTANT

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE NOTES.........................................................................................................................


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Countries, their capitals and currencies (Imp Marked As *)

Country Name Capital Currency

Afghanistan Kabul Afghani*

Albania Tirane Lek

Algeria Algiers Dinar*

Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro

Angola Luanda New Kwanza

Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's East Caribbean dollar

Argentina Buenos Aires Peso*

Armenia Yerevan DramAustralia Canberra Australian dollar*

Austria Vienna Euro (formerly schilling)

Azerbaijan Baku Manat

The Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar*

Bahrain Manama Bahrain dinar

Bangladesh Dhaka Taka*

Barbados Bridgetown Barbados dollarBelarus Minsk Belorussian ruble

Belgium Brussels Euro (formerly Belgian franc)*

Belize Belmopan Belize dollar

Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc

Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum*

Bolivia

La Paz

(administrative);Sucre (judicial) Boliviano

Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Marka

Botswana Gaborone Pula

Brazil Brasilia Real

Brunei Bandar SeriBegawan Brunei dollar

Bulgaria Sofia Lev

Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc


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Burundi Bujumbura Burundi franc

Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel

Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc

Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar*

Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo

Central African Republic Bangui CFA Franc

Chad N'Djamena CFA Franc

Chile Santiago Chilean Peso

China Beijing Yuan/Renminbi*

Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso

Comoros Moroni Franc

Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville CFA Franc

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Kinshasa Congolese franc

Costa Rica San Jose Coln

Cote d'Ivoire

Yamoussoukro(official);Abidjan (defacto)

CFA Franc

Croatia Zagreb Kuna

Cuba Havana Cuban Peso

Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus pound*

Czech Republic Prague Koruna

Denmark Copenhagen Krone

Djibouti Djibouti Djibouti franc

Dominica Roseau East Caribbean dollar

Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican Peso

East Timor (Timor-Leste) Dili U.S. dollar

Ecuador Quito U.S. dollar

Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound*

El Salvador San Salvador Coln; U.S. dollar

Equatorial Guinea Malabo CFA Franc

Eritrea Asmara Nakfa


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Estonia Tallinn Kroon*

Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr

Fiji Suva Fiji dollar

Finland Helsinki Euro (formerly markka)

France Paris Euro (formerly French franc)*

Gabon Libreville CFA Franc

The Gambia Banjul Dalasi

Georgia Tbilisi Lari

Germany Berlin Euro (formerly Deutsche mark)*

Ghana Accra Cedi

Greece Athens Euro (formerly drachma)

Grenada Saint George's East Caribbean dollar

Guatemala Guatemala City Quetzal

Guinea Conakry Guinean franc

Guinea-Bissau Bissau CFA Franc

Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar*

Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde

Honduras Tegucigalpa Lempira

Hungary Budapest Forint

Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic krna

India New Delhi Rupee

Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah*

Iran Tehran Rial*

Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar*Ireland Dublin Euro (formerly Irish pound [punt])*

Israel Jerusalem Shekel*

Italy Rome Euro (formerly lira)

Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar

Japan Tokyo Yen

Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar

Kazakhstan Astana Tenge*


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Kenya Nairobi Kenya shilling*

Kiribati Tarawa Atoll Australian dollar

Korea, North Pyongyang Won

Korea, South Seoul Won

Kosovo Pristina Euro (German Mark prior to 2002)

Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti dinar*

Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som

Laos Vientiane New Kip

Latvia Riga Lats*

Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound

Lesotho Maseru Maluti

Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar

Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar*

Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc

Lithuania Vilnius Litas

Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro (formerly Luxembourg franc)

Macedonia Skopje Denar*

Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy franc

Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha

Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit*

Maldives Male Rufiya

Mali Bamako CFA Franc

Malta Valletta Maltese lira

Marshall Islands Majuro U.S. DollarMauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya

Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee

Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso*

Micronesia, Federated States of Palikir U.S. Dollar

Moldova Chisinau Leu

Monaco Monaco Euro

Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Tugrik


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Montenegro Podgorica Euro

Morocco Rabat Dirham

Mozambique Maputo Metical

Myanmar (Burma)

Rangoon(Yangon);Naypyidaw orNay Pyi Taw(administrative)

Kyat

Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar

Nauru

no officialcapital;governmentoffices in YarenDistrict

Australian dollar

Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee

NetherlandsAmsterdam; TheHague (seat of government)

Euro (formerly guilder)

New Zealand Wellington New Zealand dollar*

Nicaragua Managua Gold cordoba

Niger Niamey CFA FrancNigeria Abuja Naira

Norway Oslo Norwegian krone

Oman Muscat Omani rial

Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani rupee*

Palau Melekeok U.S. dollar

Panama Panama City balboa; U.S. dollar

Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Kina

Paraguay Asuncion Guaran

Peru Lima Nuevo sol (1991)

Philippines Manila Peso*

Poland Warsaw Zloty

Portugal Lisbon Euro (formerly escudo)

Qatar Doha Qatari riyal

Romania Bucharest Leu*


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Russia Moscow Ruble*

Rwanda Kigali Rwanda franc

Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre East Caribbean dollar

Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean dollar

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown East Caribbean dollar

Samoa Apia Tala

San Marino San Marino Euro

Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome Dobra

Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal

Senegal Dakar CFA Franc

Serbia BelgradeYugoslav new dinar. In Kosovoboth the euro and the Yugoslavdinar are legal

Seychelles Victoria Seychelles rupee

Sierra Leone Freetown Leone

Singapore Singapore Singapore dollar*

Slovakia Bratislava Koruna

Slovenia Ljubljana Slovenian tolar; euro (as of 1/1/07)Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands dollar

Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling

South Africa

Pretoria(administrative);Cape Town(legislative);Bloemfontein(judiciary)

Rand*

South Sudan Juba Sudanese Pound*

Spain Madrid Euro (formerly peseta)

Sri Lanka

Colombo; SriJayewardenepuraKotte(legislative)

Sri Lanka rupee*

Sudan Khartoum Dinar*

Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar

Swaziland Mbabane Lilangeni


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Sweden Stockholm Krona

Switzerland Bern Swiss franc*

Syria Damascus Syrian pound*

Taiwan Taipei Taiwan dollar

Tajikistan Dushanbe somoni

TanzaniaDar es Salaam;Dodoma(legislative)

Tanzanian shilling

Thailand Bangkok baht

Togo Lome CFA Franc*

Tonga Nuku'alofa Pa'anga

Trinidad and Tobago Port-of-Spain Trinidad and Tobago dollar

Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar

Turkey Ankara Turkish lira (YTL)

Turkmenistan Ashgabat Manat

TuvaluVaiaku village,Funafutiprovince

Australian dollar

Uganda Kampala Ugandan new shilling*

Ukraine Kyiv Hryvna

United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi U.A.E. dirham

United Kingdom London Pound sterling*

United States of America Washington D.C. Dollar*

Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay peso

Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistani sum

Vanuatu Port-Vila Vatu

Vatican City (Holy See) Vatican City Euro*

Venezuela Caracas Bolivar

Vietnam Hanoi Dong*

Yemen Sanaa Rial

Zambia Lusaka Kwacha*

Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwean dollar*


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Awards In India-------------------------

Awards are a sign of pride and glory in anybodys life. Presenting anaward is the means to honor the talents, achievements, performance and

work for a lifetime of a person. Different awards have their own specificfields of existence and each one of them adds there are numerous awardceremonies that occur in India. The different kinds of awards are MusicAwards, Sports Awards, Literary Awards, Television Awards, GallantryAwards, Arts Awards and many more. The Indian celebrities like thesportsmen, artists, actors and technicians are awarded in the differentfields on the basis of their abilities and passion. The Vir Chakra, Aram VirChakra and Mahvir Chakra are presented to persons full of courage andbravery. These are gallantry awards. Whereas the Kalidas Samman,Ananda Purashkar, The Hindu Literary Prize,Rabindra Puraskar and

Vayalar Award celebrate the spirit of literature and literary valor in Indiaand various states of India. The awards that celebrated the talent of theBollywood film industry are Movie Awards, Apsara Film & TelevisionProducers Guild Awards, BIG Star Entertainment Awards, DadasahebPhalke Award; Filmfare Awards etc are the different kinds of film awardsin India.

Awards From the Film Industry

Awards like Movie Awards, Filmfare Awards, and The Asianet Film Awardsetc celebrate the success of the films, actors, directors, writers and all theother persons involved in making a feature film. The categories awardedconsists of Best Film, Best Male Debut, Best Supporting Actor, BestDirector, Best Comedian, Best Villain and many othercategories.Dadasaheb Phalke Award is the most notable award in filmsgiven once a year by the Indian Government for involvement during oneslife to Indian films.Dadasaheb Phalke,the father of Indian cinema in 1969founded this award.

Movie Awards

The most awaited annual film award named Bollywood Movie Awards washeld between of the year 1999 and 2007 in New York, United States, andrest of the most loveable island across the world. The ceremony was heldfor celebrating films from the Bollywood industry location; Mumbai, India.

Sports Awards

MAKA Award,Dronacharya Award,Dhyan Chand Award,Rajiv Gandhi KhelRatna Award are the list of the sports awards in India.


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Civilian Awards

Civilian Awards are a souvenir of honor which is awarded to the commonpeople for showing acts of bravery. Bharat Ratna, Padma Vubhushan,Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri are the various civilian awards.

Gallantry Awards

The Gallantry Awards are those kinds of awards which are presented forcourage, valor and dignity. Its presented for bravery and audacity. Thereare different types of gallantry awards like Param Vir Chakra, Vir Chakraand Mahavir Chakra.

Music Awards

There was no trend for music awards as such for the past few years. Butafter the Mirchi Music awards held in 2008 music is gaining a prominencein the Bollywood Film Industry. The nominees for these awards are musicdirector, lyricists, male/female vocalists, song of the year and album of the year.

Literary Awards

The Literary Awards are those awards which are given in the diverse fieldsof literature.

Ananda Purashkar, The Hindu Literary Prize,The Rabindra Puraskar andVayalar Awards are the awards presented for excellence in literature.

International Organisations and their Headquarters-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organisation Headquarters

UNO New York

UNICEF New York

UNESCO Paris

UNIDO Vienna

WHO Geneva

UNFPA New York


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Organisation Headquarters

ILO Geneva

IMF Washington DC

WTO Geneva

International Court Of Justice The Hague

International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna

World Bank Washington D.C.

International Committee of the Red Cross Geneva

International Maritime Organisation London

Universal Postal Union Berne

Food and Agricultural Organisation Rome

World Meteorological Organisation Geneva

SAARC Kathmandu

Amnesty International London

Transparency International Berlin

World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva

International Renewable Energy Agency Abu Dhabi (UAE) (Interim HQs)

Commonwealth of Nations London

International Standards Organisation Geneva


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IMPORTANT ORAGANIZATION & SUMMITS IN YEAR 2012:-1.NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT:-

2ND(2012)-SEOUL(SOUTH KOREA)3RD(2014)-NEITHERLAND

2.BRICS(BRAZIL,RUSSIA,INDIA,CHINA,SA) SUMMIT:-4TH(2012)-NEW DELHI5TH (2013)-SOUTH AFRICA(SA)

3.G8 SUMMIT:-38TH(2012)-DAVID CAMP,USA;39TH SUMMIT(2013)-UK

4.G20 SUMMIT:-7TH(2012)-LOS KABOS,MEXICO8TH SUMMIT(2013)-ST.PETERSBERG,RUSSIA.

5.NAM(NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT) SUMMIT:-16TH(2012)-TEHRAN,IRAN17TH(2015)-VENEZUELA,120 COUNTRY PARTICIPATE

6.SCO(SANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION)SUMMIT:-12 TH SUMMIT(2012)-BEIJING,ATTENDED BY S.M.KRISHNA13TH(2013)-KYRGYZSTAN.

7.NATO SUMMIT:-CHIKAGO.8.20 ASEAN MEETING 2012-PHNOM PENH,CAMBODIA9.10TH BASIC SUMMIT:-NEW DELHI10.EARTH SUMMIT:-RIO DE JANEIRO11.WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM-DAVOS,SWITZERLAND.12.9TH WORLD HINDI CONFERENCE-JOHANNESBERG.

TOTAL MEMBERS OF FAMOUS ORGANISATION:-

1.UNO(UNITED NATIONAL ORGINASATION):-193.2.WTO(WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION):-1573.WORLD BANK & IMF-188

4.EUROPEAN UNION-27.

List of Recently Appointed Person in 2013Xi Jinping - President of ChinaLi Keqiang Prime Minister ChinaShinzo Abe prime minister JapanNicosAnastasiades President CyprusPark Guen_ hye president South KoreaUhuru Kenyatta president KenyaJohn Kerry - 68th Secretary of State of the US

Mohan Pieris - 44th Chief Justice of Sri LankaVedPrakash - UGC chairman


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Obama - US President (Second Term)Suchitra Ella - Founding Chairwoman of CIIs women wingMo Yan (writer) and Jackie Chan (Actor) - New Members of Chinese ParliamentSubra Suresh - President of Carnegie Mellon UniversityRatan Tata Member of National Academy of EngineeringRajiv Shah Head of United States Agency for International Development (USAID).Anil Dev Singh - New chief of IOA election panelScott Flemming - Indias basketball coachTony Hall - Director general of BBCRanjit Sinha - CBI DirectorBarbosa - First non-white President of Brazils Supreme CourtAlok Joshi - New RAW chief Rajeev Shahare - New High Commissioner to MaldivesAjit Saran - Member Secretary of National Commission for WomenVirbhadra Singh - Himachal Pradeshs Chief MinisterNarendra Modi - Gujarat CM (4th time)Cyrus Mistry - Tata Group ChairmanAsif Ibrahim - Chief of the Intelligence BureauUrjit Patel - RBI deputy governorYV Reddy - Head of 14th Finance CommissionAmi Bera and TulsiGabbard - new members of the US House of Representatives

Srinivasan - Federal Judge (Re elected)Justice D K - Law Commission chief Vivek Rae MSME (Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) SecretaryAnil Kumble - Chairman of ICC Cricket CommitteeJaspal Rana - Junior pistol chief coachNeiphiu Rio - Chief Minister of Nagaland (3rd Term)Mukul Manda Sangma - Chief Minister of Meghalaya (2nd Term)Ashwani Kumar - Governor of NagalandBobby Ghosh - Editor of Time International (first non American)Khil Raj Regmi - New Prime Minister of NepalD K Jain - Chairman of 20th Law Commission of IndiaAshok Tomar- Indias ambassador to BrazilRakesh Mohan - Executive director of IMF boardVK Malhotra - Archery Association President (re-elected)S. Ramakrishnan - Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)Luiz Felipe Scolari - Brazil Football team coachMohan - Vice president of IBSF (re-elected)SachinDevPavithran (Visually Challenged) - Architectural and Transportation BarriersComplianceBoardmemberAjit Pawar - Maharashtra Deputy CMChautala - IOA PresidentParthasarathy Shome - Adviser to Finance MinisterZiauddinYousufzai (Malalas Father) - UN Education Adviser, Education attache at thePakistan consulate in Birmingham, England

Vijay Kumar - Senior Security Adviser in Home MinistryVinodRai - Chair of UN Auditors Panel (Re-elected)


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NainaLalKidwai - First Woman President of FICCIRita Singh - Federation of Indian Associations PresidentJohn Brennan - CIA directorHalimahYacob - First woman Speaker of SingaporeKulwant Singh Gill - New Commandant of NDAR.K. Dubey - Canara Banks new CMDRajkumar Goyal - Central Bank of India new Executive Director Resources DepartmentJack Lew - New Treasury Secretary of USLord DolarPopat - Minister in the UK cabinet (First Gujarati in UK cabinet)Subhash Joshi - BSF Chief John Kerry - Americas Foreign MinisterSmita Singh - Member of Global Development Council

Maharatna CPSEs

1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited2. Coal India Limited3. GAIL (India) Limited4. Indian Oil Corporation Limited5. NTPC Limited6. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited7. Steel Authority of India Limited

Navratna CPSEs

1. Bharat Electronics Limited2. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited3. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited4. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited5. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited6. National Aluminium Company Limited7. NMDC Limited8. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited9. Oil India Limited10.Power Finance Corporation Limited11.Power Grid Corporation of India Limited12.Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited13.Rural Electrification Corporation Limited14.Shipping Corporation of India Limited

Miniratna Category - I CPSEs

1. Airports Authority of India2. Antrix Corporation Limited3. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited

4. Bharat Dynamics Limited


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BANKING AWARENESS

A Quick Guidance of Banking Awareness/and Important Info1. Bank RateBank rate also referred to as the discount rate, is the rate of interest which a central bank

charges on the loans and advances that it extends to commercial banks and other financialintermediaries. Changes in the bank rate are often used by central banks to control themoney supply.2. Repo RateRepo rate is the rate at which our banks borrow rupees from RBI. Whenever the banks haveany shortage of funds they can borrow it from RBI. A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases, borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive .3. Reverse Repo RateThis is exact opposite of Repo rate. Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which Reserve Bank of India (RBI) borrows money from banks. RBI uses this tool when it feels there is too muchmoney floating in the banking system. Banks are always happy to lend money to RBI since

their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in Reverse repo rate cancause the banks to transfer more funds to RBI due to these attractive interest rates.4. CRR RateCash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep withRBI. If RBI Decides to Increase the percent of this, the available amount with the banks comes down. RBI is using this method (increase of CRR rate), to drain out the5. SLR RateSLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) is the amount a commercial bank needs to maintainin the form of cash, or gold or govt. approved securities (Bonds) before providingcredit to its customers. SLR rate is determined and maintained by the RBI (ReserveBank of India) in order to control the expansion of bank credit. SLR is determined asthe percentage of total demand and percentage of time liabilities. Time Liabilities arethe liabilities a commercial bank liable to pay to the customers on their anytimedemand. SLR is used to control inflation and propel growth. Through SLR ratetuning the money supply in the system can be controlled efficiently.6. InflationInflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects theIndian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is an increase inthe average level of prices in Goods and services. Inflation happens when there arefewer Goods and more buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, sincethere is more demand and less supply of the goods.7. DeflationDeflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs

when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for a longerperiod.8. PLR(Prime Interest Rate)The Prime Interest Rate is the interest rate charged by banks to their mostcreditworthy customers (usually the most prominent and stable business customers).The rate is almost always the same amongst major banks. Adjustments to the primerate are made by banks at the same time; although, the prime rate does not adjust onany regular basis. The Prime Rate is usually adjusted at the same time and incorrelation to the adjustments of the Fed Funds Rate. Some banks use the name"Reference Rate" or "Base Lending Rate" to refer to their Prime Lending Rate.9. Deposit Rate

Interest Rates paid by a depository institution on the cash on deposit.


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10. FII (Foreign Institutional Investor)Foreign Institutional Investor used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of aninstitution. An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest inIndian market, in other words buying Indian stocks. FII's generally buy in large volumes which has an impact on the stock markets. Institutional Investors includes

pension funds, mutual funds, Insurance Companies, Banks, etc.11. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the physical assets or asignificant amount of ownership (stock) of a company in another country in order togain a measure of management control (Or) A foreign company having a stake in anIndian Company.12. IPO (Public Offering)IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the first offering of shares to the general publicfrom a company wishes to list on the stock exchanges.13. Fiscal DeficitIt is the difference between the governments total receipts (excluding borrowings)and total expenditure.14. Revenue deficitIt defines that, where the net amount received (by taxes & other forms) fails to meetthe predicted net amount to be received by the government.15. GDP (Gross Domestic Product)The Gross Domestic Product or GDP is a measure of all of the services and goodsproduced in a country over a specific period; classically a year.16. GNP (Gross National Product)Gross National Product is measured as GDP plus income of residents frominvestments made abroad minus income earned by foreigners in domestic market.17. National IncomeNational Income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a country

during the year.18. Per Capita IncomeThe national income of a country, or region, divided by its population. Per capitaincome is often used to measure a country's standard of living.19. Vote on Account A vote-on account is basically a statement, where the government presents anestimate of a sum required to meet the expenditure that it incurs during the firstthree to four months of an election financial year until a new government is in place,to keep the machinery running.20. Difference between Vote on Account and Interim Budget Vote-on-account deals only with the expenditure side of the government's budget, an

interim Budget is a complete set of accounts, including both expenditure andreceipts.21. SDR (Special Drawing Rights)The SDR (Special Drawing Rights) is an artificial currency created by the IMF in1969. SDRs are allocated to member countries and can be fully converted intointernational currencies so they serve as a supplement to the official foreign reservesof member countries. Its value is based on a basket of key international currencies(U.S. dollar, euro, yen and pound sterling).22. SEZ (Special Economic Zone)SEZ means Special Economic Zone is the one of the part of governments policies inIndia. A special Economic zone is a geographical region that economic laws whichare more liberal than the usual economic laws in the country. The basic motto behindthis is to increase foreign investment, development of infrastructure, jobopportunities and increase the income level of the people.


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23. Corporate governanceThe way in which a company is governed and how it deals with the various interestsof its customers, shareholders, employees and society at large. Corporate governanceis the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a

corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. Is defined as thegeneral set of customs, regulations, habits, and laws that determine to what end afirm should be run.24. RBI FunctionsThe Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India, was established on April 1,1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. TheReserve Bank of India was set up on the recommendations of the Hilton YoungCommission. The commission submitted its report in the year 1926, though the bank was not set up for nine years. To regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operatethe currency and credit system of the country to its advantage." Banker to theGovernment: performs merchant banking function for the central and the stategovernments; also acts as their banker. Banker to banks: maintains banking accountsof all scheduled banks.25. Monetary policy A Monetary policy is the process by which the government, central bank, of a country controls. (i) The supply of money (ii) Availability of money (iii) Cost of money or rateof interest In order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth andstability of the economy.26. Fiscal PolicyFiscal policy is the use of government spending and revenue collection to influencethe economy. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending,in an effort to control the economy. Fiscal policy is an additional method to

determine public revenue and public expenditure.27. Core Banking SolutionsCore banking is a general term used to describe the services provided by a group of networked bank branches. Bank customers may access their funds and other simpletransactions from any of the member branch offices. It will cut down time, workingsimultaneously on different issues and increasing efficiency. The platform wherecommunication technology and information technology are merged to suit coreneeds of banking is known as Core Banking Solutions.28. Bank, its Features and Types A bank is financial organizations where people deposit their money to keep it safe.Banks play an important role in the financial system and the economy. As a key

component of the financial system, banks allocate funds from savers to borrowers inan efficient manner. Regional Rural Banks were established with an objective toensure sufficient institutional credit for agriculture and other rural sectors. TheRRBs mobilize financial resources from rural / semi-urban areas and grant loans andadvances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers and ruralartisans. (i) The area of operation of RRBs is limited to the area as notified by GoIcovering one or more districts in the State. (ii) Banking services for individualcustomers is known as retail banking. (iii) A bank that deals mostly in butinternational finance, long-term loans for companies and underwriting. Merchant banks do not provide regular banking services to the general public. (iv) Online banking (or Internet banking) allows customers to conduct financial transactions ona secure website operated by their retail or virtual bank. (v) Mobile Banking is aservice that allows you to do banking transactions on your mobile phone withoutmaking a call, using the SMS facility. Is a term used for performing balance checks,


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account transactions, payments etc. via a mobile device such as a mobile phone. (vi)Traditional banking is the normal bank accounts we have. Like, put your money inthe bank and they act as a security and you will get only the normal interests(decided by RBI in our case, FED bank in US). (vii) Investment banking is entirely different. Here, people who are having so much money (money in excess which will

yield only less interest if in Banks) will invest their money and get higher returns. Forexample, if I have more money instead of taking the pain of investing in sharemarket, buying properties etc. I will give to investment banks and they will do themoney management and give me higher returns when compared to traditional banks.29. E-GovernanceE-Governance is the public sectors use of information and communicationtechnologies with the aim of improving information and service delivery,encouraging citizen participation in the decision-making process and makinggovernment more accountable, transparent and effective.30. Right to information ActThe Right to Information act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India givingcitizens of India access to records of the Central Government and StateGovernments. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India, except theState of Jammu and Kashmir - which is covered under a State-level law. This law waspassed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 13 October 2005.31. Credit Rating Agencies in IndiaThe credit rating agencies in India mainly include ICRA and CRISIL.ICRA wasformerly referred to the Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of IndiaLimited. Their main function is to grade the different sector and companies in termsof performance and offer solutions for up gradation. The credit rating agencies inIndia mainly include ICRA and CRISIL(Credit Rating Information Services of IndiaLimited).

32. ChequeCheque is a negotiable instrument instructing a Bank to pay a specific amount from aspecified account held in the maker/depositor's name with that Bank. A bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand. Written orderdirecting a bank to pay money.33. Demand Draft A demand draft is an instrument used for effecting transfer of money. It is aNegotiable Instrument. Cheque and Demand-Draft both are used for Transfer of money. You can 100% trust a DD. It is a banker's check. A check may be dishonoredfor lack of funds a DD cannot. Cheque is written by an individual and Demand draftis issued by a bank. People believe banks more than individuals.

34. NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company) A non-banking financial company (NBFC) is a company registered under theCompanies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the business of loans and advances,acquisition of shares/stock/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government, butdoes not include any institution whose principal business is that of agricultureactivity, industrial activity, sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.NBFCs are doing functions akin to that of banks; however there are a few differences:(i) A NBFC cannot accept demand deposits (demand deposits are funds deposited ata depository institution that are payable on demand -- immediately or within a very short period -- like your current or savings accounts. (ii) It is not a part of thepayment and settlement system and as such cannot issue cheques to its customers.(iii) Deposit insurance facility of DICGC is not available for NBFC depositors unlikein case of banks.


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35. NASSCOM (National Association of Software and Services Companies)The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), theIndian chamber of commerce is a consortium that serves as an interface to theIndian software industry and Indian BPO industry. Maintaining close interaction

with the Government of India in formulating National IT policies with specific focuson IT software and services maintaining a state of the art information database of ITsoftware and services related activities for use of both the software developers as wellas interested companies overseas.Mr. R Chandrasekhar President Krishnakumar Natarajan Chairman36. ASSOCHAM ( Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India)India's premier apex chamber covers a membership of over 2 lakh companies andprofessionals across the country. It was established in 1920 by promoter chambers,representing all regions of India. As an apex industry body, ASSOCHAM representsthe interests of industry and trade, interfaces with Government on policy issues andinteracts with counterpart international organizations to promote bilateral economicissues.President Rana Kapoor37. NABARDNABARD was established by an act of Parliament on 12 July 1982 to implement theNational Bank for agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation(ARDC). It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas. NABARDis set up as an apex Development Bank with a mandate for facilitating credit flow forpromotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.38. SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India)

The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aidthe growth and development of micro, small and medium scale industries in India.Set up in 1990 through an act of parliament, it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial Development Bank of India.39. Sensex and Nifty SensexSensex and Nifty Sensex is the short term for the words "Sensitive Index" and isassociated with the Bombay (Mumbai) Stock Exchange (BSE).The SENSEX was first formed on 1-1-1986 and used the market capitalization of the 30 most traded stocks of BSE. Whereas NSE has 50 most traded stocks of NSE. SENSEX IS THE INDEX OF BSE. AND NIFTY IS THE INDEX OF NSE. BOTH WILL SHOW DAILY TRADING

MARKS. Sensex and Nifty both are an "index. An index is basically an indicator itindicates whether most of the stocks have gone up or most of the stocks have gonedown.40. SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India )SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is the regulator for the SecuritiesMarket in India. Originally set up by the Government of India in 1988, it acquiredstatutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament.Chaired by U.K. Sinha.41. Mutual fundsMutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large andoffer to sell and buy back its shares on a continuous basis and use the capital thusraised to invest in securities of different companies. The mutual fund will have a fundmanager that trades the pooled money on a regular basis. The net proceeds or lossesare then typically distributed to the investors annually.


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42. Asset Management Companies A company that invests its clients' pooled fund into securities that match its declaredfinancial objectives. Asset management companies provide investors with morediversification and investing options than they would have by themselves. Mutual

funds, hedge funds and pension plans are all run by asset management companies.These companies earn income by charging service fees to their clients.43. Non-Performing AssetsNon-performing assets, also called non-performing loans, are loans, made by a bank or finance company, on which repayments or interest payments are not being madeon time. A debt obligation where the borrower has not paid any previously agreedupon interest and principal repayments to the designated lender for an extendedperiod of time. The nonperforming asset is therefore not yielding any income to thelender in the form of principal and interest payments.44. Recession A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product)growth is negative for a period of two or more consecutive quarters.45. Foreign Exchange ReservesForeign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only theforeign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities.However, the term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold,SDRs and IMF reserve positions.46. IMF( International Monetary Fund)IMF is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries; in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments. It is an organizationformed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development.

What May Come In RRB'S (Points To Be Remember)(Imps)--------------------------------------------------------------------------

*Current RBI Ratesa. CRR 4%b. SLR 23%c. Repo Rate 7.25%d. Reverse Repo 6.25%e. MSF 10.25%f. Bank Rate 10.25%

*Fiscal deficit: a) Fiscal deficit seen at 5.2 % of GDP in 2012/13. b) Fiscal deficitseen at 4.8 % of GDP in 2013/14. c) Fiscal deficit to 3 % by 2016/17 RevenueDeficit: a) Revenue Deficit seen at 3.9 % 2012-13. b) Revenue Deficit seen at 3.3 %2013-14. c) Revenue deficit to 1.9% by 2016-17.Taxes: Service tax (12%), Custom duty (10%) & Excise duty (12%) remainsunchanged.

*HIGHLIGHTS OF RAIL BUDGET 2013-2014 1. 67 new express and 26 passengertrains to be launched. 2. Educational tourist train "Azadi Express" proposed. 3.

Indian Railway Financial Management Institute to be set up at Secunderabad. 4.Target of investment of 1 lakh crore through PPP mode in 12th FYP. 5. For the first


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time, Arunachal Pradesh brought under Rail Network. 6. Complementary passes forRajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and Olympic awardees. 7. Dronacharya awardees to getShatabdi and Rajdhani passes.

*Main Points of Food Security Bill 2013: a) The food security bill approved is directedtowards giving the right to food to around 67 per cent of India's 120-crorepopulation (including 75% rural and 50% urban). b) While families in the poorest of the poor will continue to get 35 kg of grains per month. c) Rice will be madeavailable at 3 Rupees per Kg.d) Wheat will cost 2 rupees a kg and cereal will be sold for 1 Rupees per kg.

*Revolutions in the field of agriculture in India:Black Revolution - Petroleum ProductionBlue Revolution - Fish ProductionBrown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production

Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute ProductionGolden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey ProductionGreen Revolution - Food grainsGrey Revolution - FertilizerPink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn productionRed Revolution - Meat & Tomato ProductioRound Revolution - PotatoSilver Fiber Revolution - CottonSilver Revolution - Egg/Poultry ProductioWhite Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production

Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds productionEvergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture .

*IIFA 2013: a) Vidya Balan got the Best Actress Award at for Kahaani. b) RanbirKapoor was named Best Actor for Barfic) The best debut actors are Yami Gautam and Ayushmann Khurrana.d) 'English Vinglish' helmer Gauri Shinde bagged the best debut director award.e) Former couple Ranbir and Deepika Padukone won best Jodi award.f) Gangs of Wasseypur won two awards, one for Best Action (Shyam Kaushal) andthe other for Best Dialogue (Zeishan Quadri, Akhilesh, Sachin Ladia and AnuragKashyap) was shared with Juhi Chaturvedi for Vicky Donor.g) The award for Best Editing was won by Kahaani (Namrata Rao) and BestChoreography went to Ganesh Acharya for Agneepath.h) Ek Tha Tiger won the award for Best Special Effects (Pankaj Khanopur, SherryBharda and Vishal Anand).

*NABARD is an apex institution, accredited with all matters concerningpolicy,planning and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economicactivities in rural areas in India. The project contains informationabout theagricultural finance operations of NABARD.NABARD for the smooth running of the organization has developed manycommittees and departments of inspection, which enables for the efficientandeffective running of the organization.NABARD plays various roles and functions in


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various fields related toagricultural and rural promotion and development.Creditfinancing one of the major functions of NABARD is further subdivided into differenttypes of refinance facilities, lower interest rates,production credit, investment credit,and farm sector schemes.The second major function is promotional under whichNABARD has com eup with the Kisan Credit Card and other promotional schemeswhich is of great convenience to farmers and banks. They have also developedaresearch and development fund with the objective of acquiring new insights intothe problem of agriculture and rural development.

*Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) had been established to take the banking services tothe doorsteps of rural masses especially in remote rural areas with no access tobanking services. These banks were originally intended to provide institutional creditto those weaker sections of the society at concessional rate of interest, who dependon private money-lenders. The banks were also intended to mobilise and channeliserural savings for supporting productive activities in the rural areas. However, with

effect from 22 March 1997, the RRBs were allowed to lend outside the target groupby classifying their advances into Priority Sector and others. Similarly the interestrates on term deposits offered by RRBs have also been freed. Subsequently, it hasbeen decided to permit RRBs at their discretion to offer differential rate of intereston their term deposits of maturity subject to certain conditions. The creditoutstanding of all the 196 RRBs stood at Rs. 32,870 crore as at the end of March2005 and Rs. 62,143 crore was mobilized as deposits by RRBs till that date.

*The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 on 1 April 1935 and nationalised on 1 January 1949. The Bank acts as

banker to the Central Government, state governments, commercial banks, state co-operative banks and some of the financial institutions. It formulates and administersmonetary policy with a view to ensuring stability in prices while promoting higherproduction in the real sector through proper deployment of credit. RBI plays animportant role in maintaining the stability of exchange value of the rupee and acts asan agent of the Government in respect of Indias membership of InternationalMonetary Fund. The Reserve Bank also performs a variety of developmental andpromotional functions. These apart, the Reserve Bank also handles the borrowingprogramme of the Government of India.

The Reserve Bank is the sole authority for issue of currency in India other than onerupee coins and subsidiary coins and notes.

As the agent of the Central Government, the Reserve Bank undertakes distribution of one-rupees notes and coins, as well as small coins issued by the Government.

Composition of Banking System- Commercial Banking system in India consisted of 218 scheduled commercial books (including foreign banks) as on 31 March 2006. Of the scheduled commercial banks, 116 are in public sector of which 133 are regionalrural banks (RRBs) and these account for about 75.2 percent of the deposits of allscheduled commercial banks. The regional rural banks were specially set up toincrease the flow of credit to small borrowers in the rural areas. The remaining 28banks in the public sector (i.e.), 19 nationalized banks, 8 Banks in SBI group andIDBI Ltd. are commercial banks and transact all types of commercial banking


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