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“Captains of Industry”
Vanderbilt Rockefeller Carnegie Morgan
.....or were they “Robber Barons”?
Cornelius VanderbiltThe “Self-Made Man”
John D. Rockefeller
“The growth of a large business is merely the survival of the fittest.”
J.P. Morgan The Trust and the Holding Company
Consolidating Corporate America
“J.P. Morgan”
“John Rockefeller”
Andrew Carnegie
The Gospel of Wealth
• Frederick Winslow Taylor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slfFJXVAepE 4:45
Modern Times (1936)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZlJ0vtUu4w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHdmaFJ6W6MStart at 1:40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A
I Love Lucy – Assembly Line
March 2015
Second Transportation Revolution
• The Car and the Plane (1903)
What’s in a Car?wheeled vehicles long before Henry Ford.
•Steam Cars (mid 1700s)
•Electric Cars (early 1800s)
•Hydrogen Cars (mid 1800s)
In the mid 19th century,
Gas Cars
The Gas-Powered Car
1885 - - Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach invented what is often recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine – internal combustible engine (patented in 1887). Daimler first built a two-wheeled vehicle the "Reitwagen" (Riding Carriage) with this engine and a year later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.
1886 - On January 29, German mechanical engineer Karl Benz received the first patent for a gas-fueled car. Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine.
1889 - Daimler built an improved four-stroke engine with mushroom-shaped valves and two V-slant cylinders. The new Daimler automobile had a four-speed transmission and obtained speeds of 10 mph.
1890 - Wilhelm Maybach built the first four-cylinder, four-stroke engine.
By the early 1900s, gasoline cars started to outsell all other types of motor
vehicles.
Duryea brothers
The New Olds
Ransom E. Olds
Oldsmobile1st car that was produced on a
large scale
1st commercially successful car
1901 Oldsmobile sold 425 cars.
1905sold over 5,000.
• In 1896, Henry Ford completed his first vehicle that was powered by gasoline instead of steam like other cars of his time– This car was called the Quadricycle
• On October 1, 1908, Ford introduced the Model T. – many innovations
• Steering wheel on the left• High chassis, vanadium steel
– Cost savings• No windows, no heat• Black paint
• The attraction of the Ford Model-T was that its price never increased.
• Price in 1928 was only $295.• By 1929 Ford was producing more than one car per
minute.http://www.history.com/topics/automobiles 3:15
Planned obsolescense Variety
Effects
• “Multilayer effect”– Glass, steel, gas
• Demise of horse
• Status
• Freedom– Cocoon, sanctuary
• “private Walden Pond”
Like a BirdThe trajectory toward The trajectory toward
modern-day flightmodern-day flight
started withstarted with
UNPOWERED GLIDERSUNPOWERED GLIDERS
There were a few men who There were a few men who figured prominently in these early figured prominently in these early
experimentsexperiments
•Otto LilenthalOtto Lilenthal•German mechanical engineer,1848-1896German mechanical engineer,1848-1896
•Octave ChauteOctave Chaute•French civil engineer, 1832-1910French civil engineer, 1832-1910
•Captain Ferdinand FerberCaptain Ferdinand Ferber•French Army officer, 1862-1909French Army officer, 1862-1909
•Wilbur and Orville WrightWilbur and Orville Wright•American inventors, 1867-1912 & 1871-1948, American inventors, 1867-1912 & 1871-1948, respectivelyrespectively
The first time Wilbur and Orville started to call themselves "The Wright Brothers" was when they started their own printing firm at the ages of 22 and 18. Using a damaged tombstone and buggy parts, they built a press and printed odd jobs as well as their own newspaper.
In 1892, the brothers bought bicycles. They began repairing bicycles for friends, then started their own repair business. They opened up a bicycle shop in 1893, and three years later, made their own bicycles
While nursing Orville, who was sick with typhoid in 1896, Wilbur read about the death of a famous German glider pilot. The news led him to take an interest in flying.
• The Wrights choose a glider as their starting point
• They began in July 1899 with an unmanned box kite
• Between 1900 and 1902, the brothers built three gliders—first flying them like a kite, then putting a man aboard
1899 to 19051899 to 1905
– the Wright brothers researched aeronautics, starting with test runs with unmotored gliders;•the Wright Brothers set out to fit their plane with an engine.
•They had their bicycle mechanic, Charles E. Taylor, build them a four-cylinder, 12-horsepower engine;
•eventually leading to the creation of the first practical airplane.
this is a picture of Orville piloting the ‘‘Wright flyer’’ 1 at Kill Devil Hill 17th of December 1903 and is generally accepted as the first powered flight .
Wilbur can be seen watching this historic flight.
Two chain driven propellers can be seen connected to a small single engine .
first to conduct a manned, controlled, steered, sustained, and powered heavier-than-air flight
• December 17, 1903December 17, 1903 - Orville took the controls.
– The Flyer rose into the air and stayed aloft for 12 seconds and traveled 120 feet!
– Orville had made the first controlled, sustained, heavier-than-air human flight with a powered aircraft.
– The brothers took turns piloting the Flyer for three more flights.
– The final launch lasted 59 seconds, and traveled 852 feet.
• May 22, 1906May 22, 1906 - the Wrights received a patent for their invention.
All successful airplanes since then have incorporated All successful airplanes since then have incorporated the basic design elements of the 1903 Wright Flyer.the basic design elements of the 1903 Wright Flyer.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wfyvspnko04 2:45
AIRPLANES
• In the early 20th century, brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright, experimented with engines and aircrafts
• They commissioned a four-cylinder internal combustion engine, chose a propeller, and built a biplane
• On December 17, 1903 they flew their plane for 12 seconds covering 120 feet
• Within two years the brothers were making 30 minute flights
• By 1920, the U.S. was using airmail flights regularly Actual photo of Wright Brother’s
first flight 12/17/03
“the mother of trusts”
The Problems of Monopoly• Price Fixing• Unstable economics• Rise of Wealth
“This association of poverty with progress is the great enigma of our times.”
• By 1902 exposing of evil became an industry among American publishers
• Aggressive ten- and fifteen-cent magazines – editors financed research and writing – reporters branded “muckrakers” by Roosevelt
• Targeted social evils—prostitution, slums, industrial accidents, subjugation of American blacks, and abuses of child labor
• The muckrakers are key to understanding progressive reform movement
• Muckrakers counted on publicity and an aroused public conscience– Heavy on lamentation, short on solutions– Cure for ills of American democracy was more
democracy
Wages and Working Conditions• Low Wages• Long Hours• Lack of safety
Taco Bell
• Examples for Classwork– Combining information from The Jungle
readings with an assembly-line template
