Carbohydrates

Lipids (Fats) Proteins Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water

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Food

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• Carbohydrates• Fats (Lipids)• Protein• Vitamins• Minerals

• Water• Fibre

The Five Classifications of Food

Also

Why do we need food?

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1.For energy2.For growth3. To keep your body

healthy and functioning correctly

Carbohydrates

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Function

• Supplies energy• Help the body

digest fats

Come from plants in the form of sugar(glucose) and starches(how plants store glucose).

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Sources

• Sugars: honey, jam, molasses, candy, table sugar

• Starch: breads, cereals, pasta, potatos

Fats (Lipids)

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Function

• Supply energy• Carry fat-soluble

vitamins• Insulate the body• Protect organs• Provide essential

fatty acids

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Types of Fats• Saturated: dairy products,

meats, lard, coconut and palm oils

• Unsaturated: fish, nuts, vegetable oils

Sources

Proteins

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• Builds and repairs muscles and cell tissues

• Helps the body make important substances

• Regulates body processes• Supplies energy

Functions

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Sources

Complete proteins: • dairy products,

eggs, fish, meat and poultry.

Incomplete proteins: • beans, grains and

nuts.

Nutrient Foods that are a good source

Carbohydrates

Fats (lipids)

Proteins

ACTIVITY: Put the following foods into the table below:

Rice, potatoes, bread, maize, pasta, noodles, vegetables

Oil, meat, nuts

Lentils, fish, peas, meat, milk, nuts, eggs

Rice, lentils, potatoes, fish, peas, bread, maize, pasta, oil, noodles, milk, meat, vegetables, nuts, eggs.

Vitamins

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1515

Function

Vitamins are essential chemicals that are needed in small amounts to keep our body processes going.

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Fat-soluble vitamins• dissolve in fats• are stored in fatty tissues of the body

Water-soluble vitamins• dissolve in water• are not stored in the body

Types

Vitamins are divided into two main groups.

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Nutrient Functions Sources

Vitamin A Keeps skin and mucus membranes healthyPrevents night blindnessPromotes growth

Butter, dark green and yellow fruits and vegetables, egg yolk, liver, whole and fortified milk

Vitamin D Builds strong bones and teeth Egg yolk; fortified butter, margarine, and milk; the sun

Vitamin E Acts as an antioxidant to protect cell membranes

Eggs, liver, salad oils, whole grain cereals

Vitamin K Helps blood clot Cauliflower, egg yolk, organ meats

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

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Water-Soluble VitaminsNutrient Functions Sources

Vitamin C(ascorbic acid)

Helps wounds healHelps fight infectionHelps promote healthy gums and tissuesPromote absorption of iron

Oranges, grapefruits, tangerines (citrus fruits), cantaloupe, broccoli, tomatoes and raw cabbage

B-Complex Keeps nervous system healthyReleases energy from food

Meats, whole grain breads and cereals, dried beans and peas

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Minerals

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MineralsNutrient Functions Sources

Calcium Builds bones and teethHelps muscles and nerves work

Milk, yogurt, cheese, broccoli, salmon, dark veggies, esp. leafy greens

Iron Combines with protein to make hemoglobin. Helps cells use oxygen

Liver, spinach, raisins and molasses

Potassium Helps nerves and muscles Balances body water

Potatoes, bananas, prune juice and tomato products

Sodium Helps nerves and muscle function Salt, soy sauce, processed foods and country ham

Iodine Promotes normal functioning of the thyroid gland

Iodized salt and salt water fish

Water

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• Aids digestion and cell growth and maintenance

• Facilitates chemical reactions

• Lubricates joints and cells

• Regulates body temperature

Function

Fibre

Complex carbohydrates that the body cannot break down. These help clean out the digestive system. Most plants are high in fibre eg fruits, vegetables, whole grains

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ACTIVITY:Write each of the following nutrients in the appropriate space below: carbohydrate, fat (lipid), fibre, minerals, protein, vitamins, water.

Nutrient Use

To store and provide energy. Insulates the body.

To grow new tissue, repair damage and provide energy

To provide a supply of energy. The two main forms are sugar and starch

To carry things round the body and replace lost water

To make healthy blood, bones and other tissues

To take part in important chemical reactions in your body

To keep the digestive system healthy

Fat (Lipids)Protein

CarbohydratesWater

Minerals

Vitamins

Fibre

References images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/NC/.../4.01C_Nutrients.ppt

Hunt, G. (2007) New Millenium Science

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