Carbon and Organic Chemistry –Carbon is a versatile atom. –Carbon forms large, complex, and...
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Carbon and Organic Chemistry – Carbon is a versatile atom. – Carbon forms large, complex, and diverse molecules necessary for life’s functions. – Organic compounds are carbon-based molecules. Structural formula Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model
Carbon and Organic Chemistry –Carbon is a versatile atom. –Carbon forms large, complex, and diverse molecules necessary for life’s functions. –Organic
Carbon and Organic Chemistry Carbon is a versatile atom. Carbon
forms large, complex, and diverse molecules necessary for lifes
functions. Organic compounds are carbon-based molecules. Structural
formula Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model
Slide 2
Variations in Carbon skeletons Carbon skeletons vary in length
Carbon skeletons may be unbranched or branched Carbon skeletons may
have double bonds, which can vary in location Carbon skeletons may
be arranged in rings Carbon and Organic Chemistry
Slide 3
Larger hydrocarbons form fuels for engines. Hydrocarbons of fat
molecules fuel our bodies. Hydrocarbons
Slide 4
*structural isomers *geometric isomers *enantiomers Example of
enantiomers: Chemical Components of Cells
Slide 5
The unique properties of an organic compound depend not only on
its carbon skeleton but also on the atoms attached to the skeleton
These atoms are called functional groups Some common functional
groups include: Hydroxyl groupCarbonyl groupAmino groupCarboxyl
group Found in alcohols and sugars Found in sugars Found in amino
acids and urea in urine (from protein breakdown) Found in amino
acids, fatty acids, and some vitamins Carbon and Organic
Chemistry
Slide 6
*most macromolecules are polymers polymer monomer The making
and breaking of polymers: Dehydration reaction:Hydrolysis:
Macromolecules
Slide 7
Proteins Proteins perform most of the tasks the body needs to
function They are the most elaborate of lifes molecules MAJOR TYPES
OF PROTEINS Structural ProteinsStorage Proteins Contractile
ProteinsTransport ProteinsEnzymes
Slide 8
Carboxyl group Amino group Side group Side group Amino acid
Dehydration synthesis Side group Side group Peptide bond Cells link
amino acids together by dehydration synthesis Proteins as Polymers
The resulting bond between them is called a peptide bond
Slide 9
Amino Acids
Slide 10
Primary structure The specific sequence of amino acids in a
protein 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
100 105 110 115 120 125 129 Amino acid The arrangement of amino
acids makes each protein different Protein Structure
Slide 11
A slight change in the primary structure of a protein affects
its ability to function The substitution of one amino acid for
another in hemoglobin causes sickle-cell disease (a) Normal red
blood cellNormal hemoglobin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7... 146 (b) Sickled red
blood cellSickle-cell hemoglobin 2 3 1 45 6 7... 146 Protein
Structure
