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EVERYTHING in the universe iseither…..

MATTER

Energy

o

r

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Biochemistry-

The study of chemicals important to living systems

CHEMICALS are MATTER becausethey have mass and take upspace!!

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Chemicals of Life

All chemicals, all matter are made up of differentcombinations of the elements found on theperiodic table.

These are allof the

elements we

know of in

the

universe!!

8/14/2019 Carbon Compounds Lecture

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Chemicals of Life

ELEMENTS bond together to formMOLECULES

MOLECULES consist of two or moreatoms sharing their electrons.

MOLECULES consisting of atoms fromdifferent types of elements are calledCOMPOUNDS

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Chemicals of Life

Organisms from ALL of theKingdoms, from bacteria to animalsare made up of compounds formedmostly from relatively fewelements.

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

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NITROGEN

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HYDROGEN-so simple…

hydrogen

8/14/2019 Carbon Compounds Lecture

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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Are made up of two or moreelements, like all

compounds

Contain

CARBON Combine to form

organisms’ bodies!

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Organic CompoundsFour main categories important to life:

Proteins

Carbohydrates

LipidsNucleic

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PROTEINS

Contain NITROGEN,CARBON,HYDROGEN, ANDOXYGEN

Complex, longmolecules used tobuild structures of the body and

communicate withinthe body (enzymes,hormones)

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PROTEINS are made of AMINOACIDS

Your body needs20 different

specific aminoacids to build theproteins you need

You can make 12

yourself, the other8 you must get inyour food

ESSENTIAL AMINOACIDS:

*The 8 amino acids youmust intake in food

*Animal proteinscontain these 8,Plant proteinscontain some of the8 essential aminoacids

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CARBOHYDRATES

Are made of CARBON,HYDROGEN, AND

OXYGEN ONLY! Sugars, Starches

and Fiber are allcarbs!

Living things storeenergy incarbohydratemolecule

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carbohydrates

glucose and

fructose areMONOMERS

of thedisaccaride,

sucrose

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carbohydrates

Simple sugars havethe Chemicalformula: C6H12O6

Simple sugars areeasy to digest andrelease energystores form

Glucose,, fructose,ribose, and are allexamples of simplesugars

Complexcarbohydrates areformed when simplesugars are bonded by

dehydration synthesis Starches and fiber like

cellulose are complexcarbohydrates

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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

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• Lipids are molecules that

contain only carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen, just

like carbohydrates

•Do not mix with water 

•Also used for energy

storage

•Fats, oils,and waxes are all

lipids

LIPIDS

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Nucleic Acids

Are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, and phosphorus

Are the molecules that hold the code for

how to make all the proteins of theorganism Are the molecules that communicate the

code for proteins to ribosomes

Are the molecules that help make theproteins in the ribosomes DNA & RNA

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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

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DNA has a unique chemicalstructure

Made of repeatingnucleotide units

Has two nucleotide

chains, which arebonded at thenitrogenous bases

The double chains

are twisted in a “double helix” shape

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Review

Carbon

Hydrogen

 Nitrogen

Oxygen

LipidsCarbohydrates

 Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Monomer 

Polymer 

Organic compound

Biochemistry

Element

Compound

Simple Sugar 

Amino acid

Essential amino acid

Glucose