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Cardiopulmonary Symptoms Chapter 3

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

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Page 1: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms 

Chapter 3 

Page 2: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms 

•  As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter pa9ents with a variety of symptoms. 

•  It is necessary to become familiar with these symptoms and their characteris9cs in order to ask relevant ques9ons and provide op9mal care. 

Page 3: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Interviewing the Pa9ent 

•  “connect” with the pa9ent •  Social space •  Personal space •  No two interviews are the same 

Page 4: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Guidelines for Effec9ve Pa9ent Interviewing 

1.  Project a sense of undivided interest in the pa9ent 

2.  Establish your professional role during the introduc9on 

3.  Show your respect for the pa9ent’s beliefs, aNtudes, and rights 

4.  Use a relaxed, conversa9onal style  

Page 5: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Iden9fy and Characterize Symptoms 

•  When did it start? •  How severe is it? •  Where on the body is it? •  What seems to make it beVer or worse? •  Has it occurred before? •  Evalua9ng the symptom over the course of therapy/hospitaliza9on – Has this symptom changed in any way since admission? Does the therapy seem to make a difference? 

Page 6: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Cardiopulmonary Symptoms 

•  COUGH •  SPUTUM •  HEMOPTYSIS •  DYSPNEA •  CHEST PAIN •  SYNCOPE •  DEPENDENT EDEMA •  FEVER, CHILLS, NIGHT SWEATS •  HEADACHE, ALTERED MENTAL STATUS •  SNORING 

Page 7: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Cough 

Produced by: 

•  Inflammatory 

•  Mechanical •  Chemical 

•  Thermal •  Tac9le (ear canal)          s9mula9on 

Three phases 

•  Inspiratory •  Compression •  expiratory 

Page 8: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Effec9veness of a Cough 

•  Effec9veness is determined by: –  The depth of inspira9on –  Amount of pressure that can be generated in the airways 

•   Effec9veness is reduces when: – Weakness of either the inspiratory or expiratory muscles –  Inability of the gloNs to open or close –  Obstruc9on, collapsibility or altera9on in shape or contours of the airway 

–  Decrease in lung recoil (emphysema) –  Abnormal quan9ty or quality of mucus produc9on 

Page 9: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Cough 

•  Acute •  Chronic •  Paroxysmal 

•  Effec9ve •  Inadequate •  Produc9ve •  Dry •  Barking •  Brassy/hoarse •  Inspiratory stridor •  Wheezy •  Chronic produc9ve •  Hacking 

Page 10: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Sputum 

•  Substance expelled from the tracheobronchial tree, pharynx, mouth, sinuses, and nose 

•  Phlegm strictly refers to the substances expelled from the lungs and tracheobronchial tree 

Page 11: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Sputum Descrip9on 

Consistency 

•  Thick •  Thin •  Viscous •  Tenacious •  frothy 

Sputum Analysis 

•  Clear •  Black •  Brown •  Frothy white or pink •  Sand or small stone 

•  Purulent •  Mucoid •  Mucopurulent 

Page 12: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Hemoptysis 

•  Frequent causes •  Infrequent causes –  Pulmonary –  Cardiopumonary 

–  Systemic 

–  Pseudohemoptysis 

•  Streaky hemoptysis 

•  Massive hemoptysis •  hematemesis 

Page 13: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Dyspnea 

•  Most distressing symptom of respiratory disease 

•  Cardinal symptom of cardiac disease 

•  Subjec9ve experience 

Page 14: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Dyspnea Scoring Systems 

•  Visual analog scales •  Modified Borg scale 

•  ATS shortness of breath scale •  UCSD Shortness of Breath ques9onnaire 

Page 15: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Dyspnea 

Clinical Types 

•  Physiologic •  Restric9ve •  Obstruc9ve •  Cardiac •  Circulatory •  Chemical 

•  Central •  Psychogenic 

•  Acute •  Chronic •  Progressive •  Recurrent •  Paroxysmal 

•  Episodic 

Page 16: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

•  Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea •  Orthopnea •  Treopnea •  Platypnea •  Orthodeoxia •  Inspiratory •  Expiratory 

Page 17: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Chest Pain 

•  Cardinal symptom of heart disease •  Can also result from musculoskeletal disorders, trauma, drug therapy, indiges9on, anxiety 

•  Pulmonary causes involve the chest wall or parietal pleura 

Page 18: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Syncope 

•  Vasovagal syncope •  Orthosta9c hypotension •  Caro9d sinus syncope •  Tussive syncope 

Page 19: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Dependent Edema 

•  Peripheral •  Bilateral •  Unilateral •  PiNng 

Page 20: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats 

•  Fever –  Sustained –  RemiVent –  IntermiVent –  Relapsing – Unknown origin 

•  Chills –  rigors 

•  Diaphoresis – Night sweats 

Page 21: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Headache 

•  Inadequate oxygena9on •  Cerebral hypoxia •  hypercapnea 

Page 22: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms - Lane Community CollegeCardiopulmonary Symptoms • As a Respiratory Therapist you will encounter paents with a variety of symptoms. • It is necessary to

Snoring  

•  Concern when accompanied by apnea •  Habitual •  Occasional