Cardiovascular System

BELLWORK Day One:Define using technology

• angio

• hemo/hema

• cardio

Diagnostic Medicine Standard

• 27) Create an infographic to identify gross

heart anatomy and physiology and related

cardiac conduction and circulatory

pathways.

Objectives

•Name the parts of the cardiovascular system and

discuss the function of each part.

•Label/Color the heart diagram.

Main function:

• Provide circulation or “continuous one-way

movement” of blood throughout the entire

body.

• Arteries carrying oxygen rich blood with

nutrients from the heart to each cell.

• Veins carrying away each cell’s waste

products back to the heart.

• The body performs THREE types of

circulation to make this possible.

Coronary CirculationCoronary Circulation

Circulation of blood within the heart muscle by

the coronary arteries.

•Coronary arteries branch off of the aorta, which is the

largest artery in the body.

•Coronary arteries encircle the heart to supply the heart

muscle with about 100 gallons of blood daily.

•The heart muscle requires more oxygen than any other

organ in the body except the brain.

Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation

Flow of blood between the

heart and the cells of the

entire body.

•Blood travels through

the body in a surge as

a result of the heart

contractions.

•Blood vessels

become smaller in

diameter as the blood

leaves the heart.

arteryarteriole capillary

venule

vein

•Remember arteries leave the heart and veins

return to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest

blood vessels and they serve as a transfer

station between the arteries and veins.

Arteries and Veins

Arteries

•Carry blood

away from the

heart.

•Carry blood

toward the heart.

V

e

i

n

s

This is always the case

with ONE exception…

Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary

Circulation

Circulation of blood

between the heart and

lungs.

•Pulmonary

arteries are the

only arteries to

carry blood low in

oxygen.

•Pulmonary veins

are the only veins

to carry oxygen

rich blood.

The HeartThe Heart

•Pumps blood

through the blood

vessels to all body

cells.

•Is covered by a

protective sac

called the

pericardium.

•Is divided into

right and left

sides by the

septum.

•Each side

consists of an

atria and a

ventricle.

Layers of the HeartLayers of the Heart

Inside the pericardium, the

heart has three layers of

tissue.

•Epicardium (outermost layer)

•Myocardium (middle layer of

muscular tissue)

•Endocardium (inner layer)

myocardium

epicardium

endocardium

Heart ChambersHeart Chambers

•Right and left atria are the

upper chambers of the heart.

•Right and left ventricles are

the lower chambers of the

heart.

•Fibers in the ventricles

(Purkinje fibers) cause the

ventricles to contract.

•Blood flows through the heart in only one

direction regulated by valves.

What is the function of these valves?

APEX

What are

the three

layers

called?

What is

the sac

called

that the

heart

resides

in?

The path

of blood

flow.

Draw the

color-

coded

diagram.

Activity:

• Watch the video from Khan Academy.• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-

system/circulatory-system-introduction/v/flow-through-the-heart

• Use the video and your book to label the

heart!!! (page 327)

• Make sure to use red and blue colors to

distinguish the oxygen rich blood and the

oxygen poor blood.

• Then use any diagram to draw and label the

path of blood flow in the human body!!

Exit Ticket

• How many directions does blood flow?

• What is the function of a heart valve?

• Which type of circulation occurs in the

lungs?

• Are the arteries in the legs oxygen rich or

poor?

• Does the pulmonary artery bring oxygen to

the heart or away from the heart to the

lungs?

A & P Bellwork Day 2

Define

• “brady” as in bradycardia

• “tachy” as in tachycardia

Objectives for Day 2

• Review flow of blood through

the heart.

• Research and identify the major

arteries and veins of the

circulatory system.

• Identify common pulse points by

practicing with a partner.

Review of blood flow activity.

• Groups will be given the parts of the heart

mixed up.

• I will time the group to see who can put the

parts in order the fastest using notes from

yesterday.

• Then we will do the activity again without

notes.

• Then as a whole group.

The path

of blood

flow.

Draw the

color-

coded

diagram.

Carotid

Brachial

Radial

Ascending aorta

Descending aorta

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis pedis

Need to Know Arteries:

Need to Know

Veins:Jugular

Subclavian

Cephalic

Brachial

Basilic

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Great saphenous

Femoral

Popliteal

Measuring pulse/heart rate.

• The average healthy

pulse is 60-100 beats

per minute.

• Use the common

radial site to measure

the pulse of your

partner.

• Palpate (Feel) for the

pulse.

• Use a stopwatch/clock

to time yourself.

• Count the number of

beats per minute.

• You may count a full

minute.

• OR you may count for

15 seconds.

• If you do this, how do

you calculate the beats

per minute?

What do you think happens to

your heart rate in the following:

• Crying

• Sleeping

• Exercising

• Scared

• Cold

We use pulse sites for others

procedures…What might

those be?

• What about taking

certain

medications?

• Drugs or alcohol?

• Illness?

Activity: Draw two

human figures.1st-Research and draw the major arteries and veins

that are listed on slides (need to know). Do these on

two separate papers.

2nd-Research and label common sites for intravenous

lines (IVs), arterial lines, and sheaths for

catheterizations.

Bell Work

• Complete diagram of arteries and veins if

you have not done so already.Use the small Body Structure and Function book

• Define hypertension and hypotension.

• What is a normal healthy blood pressure?

Blood PressureBlood pressure

abnormalities can

damage the heart and

other body systems.

The average blood

pressure should be

around 120/80.

•Hypertension (too high)

•Hypotension (too low)

Surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the

walls of the arteries

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE – measured during the contraction phase

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE – measured when the ventricles are relaxed

Average systolic = 120

Average diastolic = 80

Specific Inflammatory Heart

Conditions Specific Inflammatory Conditions of the Heart

•endocarditis

•myocarditis

•bacterial endocarditis

•pericarditis

Other Conditions

•cardiomyopathy •intracardiac tumor

Think.Pair.Share.

• Research the descriptions of the following.

Share your findings with each other.

• Myocardial Infarction

• Cardiac Arrest

• Congestive Heart Failure

• Explain the difference.

General Heart & Lung Diseases

Myocardial Infarction

•Disruption of blood flow to the heart muscle; also called

heart attack.

Cardiac Arrest

•Also known as asystole, is the sudden stopping of the heart.

Congestive Heart Failure

•Occurs when the heart is unable to pump the necessary

amount of blood.

Pathology

Abnormal rhythms are called arrhythmias.

•Bradycardia (less than 60)

•Tachycardia (greater than 100)

•Atrial Fibrillation (both atria beat

chaotically and irregularly)

•Ventricular Fibrillation (ventricles

stop pumping blood/most serious)

•Flutter (beating harder or

faster, palpitations; may or

may not be disease related)

•Murmur (defect in valve,

fails to close properly,

gurgling or hissing sound)

Heart Rhythm

Pathology

•Aneurysm

•Arteriosclerosis

•Atherosclerosis

•Phlebitis

•Embolus

•Thrombus

Jigsaw Activity

Describe the condition.

List signs/symptoms.

Explain treatment options.

Note risk factors

Directed Reading Activity:

Cardiac Malignancies

• Go to the class website and choose the

directed reading.

• Read the journal and answer the questions.

• Then go to the class website and choose the

tab that says Directed Reading Extended

Assignments.

• Follow the direction related to the article.

Conduction System Part 2Conduction System

The heart’s pacemaker causes regular

contracting of the myocardium resulting in a

regular heartbeat or pulse, which is 60-100 beats

per minute.

Conduction System

Purkinje Fibers

Sinoatrial node (Pacemaker)

Atrioventricular node

Bundle of His

Right and Left Bundle Branches

Use your technology,

label these on your

heart diagram with

pen or marker.

Auscultation means

listening. Physicians use

a stethoscope to listen to

the heart.

The sound “lub dub” is

actually the valves in the

heart closing. First, the

atrioventricular valves

close, and then the

pulmonary and aortic

valves.

Heart rate or pulse

should be between

60 to100 beats per

minute.

Conduction System Part 3Conduction System

Factors affecting the heart rate:

• Health status

• Physical activity

• Emotions

During one cardiac cycle the heart contracts and

relaxes.

Cardiac Cycle = 1 contraction + 1 relaxation

• Medicine

• Drug use

• Alcohol

Common Pulse Locations in the

following arteries:• BRACHIAL – pulse used to measure blood pressure

in the arm

• CAROTID –major artery to head and neck, pulse in the neck

• RADIAL – pulse in the wrist, usually used to take a pulse rate

• FEMORAL –major artery for procedures, located at the top of leg, medial to hip joint

• POPLITEAL – behind the knee, used to determine blood flow to legs when arteriosclerosis is suspected

• PEDAL- top of the foot—checked with foot injuries

• Activity: Calculate your pulse with a partner!!! You can count for a full minute, or 15 seconds and multiply by four.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

•Measures the force of the

blood surging against the

walls of the arteries.

Systole

Contraction phase of the heart

Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heart