Cardiovascular system

•What makes up blood•How blood is grouped and typed•A simple look at how blood clots

•The heart chambers and how the blood flows through the heart•The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation•Blood pressure, pulse rates.•Some pathologies related to blood, heart and circulation.

Functions of BloodFunction Brief

description

Transportation Waste/metabolites/nutrients/gases (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide) Hormones

Protection Local – clotting plateletsSystemic – infection/ pathogens wbc

Regulatory tissue Fluid – electrolyte balanceAcid base balanceBody temperature

Physical Characteristics of blood

Viscosity

Density

Color

pH

Temperature

Volume

Components of bloodPlasma = 55%

Formed elements = 45%

Blood: 55% Plasma

91% Water 9% Dissolved

substances Salts (electrolytes) Respiratory gases Hormones Waste & Metabolites Plasma Proteins

Albumins Globulins Fibrinogens

Cardiovascular system 2

1. Blood typing2. A simple look at how

blood clots3. Overview of the

components of the cardiovascular System

1. Heart2. Vessels

4. Gross Anatomy of the heart:

1. Surface Anatomy2. Coverings and walls3. Chambers4. Great vessels of the

heart

Blood: 45% Formed Elements

Formed elements: White blood cells - clear ‘Buffy layer’

4-11,000wbc per mm volume of blood Platelets

250,000 – 500,000 platelets per mm vol of blood

Red blood cells – 99% 4-6 million rbc per mm vol of blood

1000rbc : one wbc

Leucocytes

Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes

Platelets

A comparison of Red and White blood cells

Red blood cells

99% Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells Platelets

Hemoglobin

Blood typing

Cardiovascular system 3

1. Blood typing2. A simple look at how

blood clots3. Overview of the

components of the cardiovascular System

1. Heart2. Vessels

4. Gross Anatomy of the heart:

1. Surface Anatomy2. Coverings and walls3. Chambers4. Great vessels of the

heart

Blood Typing - ABO

Type O is universal donor

Blood Typing – Rh factor

Hemostasis(clotting)

Stage summary

Stage 1Vasoconstriction

Vascular spasms cause vessel to shrink – closing edges Chemicals released from damaged vessel wall activate next stage. Clotting factors released.

Stage 2Platelet Plug(mechanical )

Collagen exposed in damaged vessel wall stimulates platelet stickiness – plug formed by layers of platelets sticking together and to collagen. (Thrombus).

Stage 3Coagulation stage(chemical)

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin – the mesh of the clot. Factor 13 stops the clotting cascade from continuing.