Heart sounds and murmurs

Lecture 4

Heart sounds

Tricuspid valve: Right half at the lower end of the sternum body.

Mitral valve: Apex of the heart (Left 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line).

Pulmonary valves: Left 2nd intercostal space close to sternum.

Aortic valve : Right 2nd intercostal space close to sternum.

Where can we hear the sound

Heart Murmurs are the result of turbulent blood flow, which produces a series of vibrations in cardiac structure High rates of flow through normal or abnormal

valves. Forward flow through an incompetent valve, septal

defect, or PDA (Patent ductus arteriosis). Decreased viscosity, which causes increased

turbulence and contributes to the production & intensity of murmur.

Types of murmurs Systolic Murmurs

Between S1 & S2

Diastolic Murmurs Between S2 & S1

Continuous Murmurs Begins with S1 and continues through S2 into

diastole.

Systolic murmurs

Incompetence or regurgitation of A V valves . Stenosis of semilunar values. Septal defect. Anemia .

Diastolic murmur

Stenosis of AV valves. Incompetence of semilunar valves.

Continuous murmur

Patent ductus arteriosus

Murmurs

Mitral Stenosis Mitral Insufficiency Aortic Stenosis Tricuspid Stenosis Tricuspid Insufficiency Pulmonary Stenosis Pulmonary Insufficiency