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Careers in Petroleum GeologySlides from aapg.org
Presented by Rick Abegg
Chevron
Katz, 2003 AAPG
Data normalized to exclude non-geoscience employment
Post Graduation Jobs for Geoscientists, US & Canada
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ME
DIA
N A
GE
OF
ME
MB
ER
SMEDIAN AGE OF AAPG / SPE MEMBERS
1990 2000
AAPG AAPGSPESPE
39 37
4946
Modified from Lloyd & Kaldi 2002
World Fuel Consumption: 1975-2000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1975
1985
1995
Mill
ion
tonn
es o
il eq
uiva
lent
Year
OilNatural GasNuclear EnergyHydroelectricityCoal
Cook and Sheath
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
GasOil
GLOBAL OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Modified from Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
The Petroleum Geoscientist - A Detective
• Predicts where oil and gas occurs by using well data and ‘remote sensing’
• Uses tools to gather data -gravity and magnetics rock distribution and properties geophysical imaging computer process & visualization
• Uses concepts to develop models: structural concepts, petrol systems, etc
• Makes economic analysis and recommends drilling
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
GEOSCIENCE SKILLS
• Companies differ, but
• All favor a mixture: science, computer, non-tech
• Geology & Geophy• Fieldwork and
mapping experience are important
• Top Technical Skills:– Petroleum Geol– Geophysics– Sedimentology– Mapping– Strat/Sequence Strat– Petroleum Systems– Regional Geology– Reservoir Geology
Heath, 2002
What makes a successful Petroleum Geologist?
• Strong fundamentals in geologic principles are key to a successful career– Science first, business second
• Strong understanding of science– Hypothesis testing– Creativity and considering alternatives– Ability to reach conclusions and make recommendations
• Don’t need universities to be trade schools• Students focus classes and research in grad school,
but a broad geologic background is needed for the job
Slide added by Rick Abegg
Additional Considerations
• Most companies require MS/PhD degree• Internships are recommended
– Prepare for any interview– Show interest (e.g. field trips, short courses, etc.)
• Geophysicists are in high demand• What’s the future for careers in petroleum geology?
– Strong demand for hydrocarbons in developing countries.– Large population to retire in the next 5-10 years
Slide added by Rick Abegg
Extra Slides
Required Traits
Job Market ExpectationsBy Employers
Self-motivated
Computer Literate
Well Educated
Team Player
Excellent Communicator
Modified from Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
Shale/Wet Sand
Top of Gas Sand
Base of Gas Sand
ForwardModeling
Stratigraphy:
Understanding the processes creating sedimentary units
PE
RM
IAN
CA
RB
ON
IFE
RO
US
U
L
M
U
L
MIS
S.
PE
NN
.
M-U Pennsylvanian
Upper Permian
Record missing due to erosion: Must recon -struct history from regional dataM
ESO
ZOIC
&C
ENO
ZOIC
Rock Physics
Sedimentary Modeling
CarbonateAnalogues
Depositional SystemsSequence StratigraphyPetrophysics and Paleontology
Clastic Sedimentology
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
Structural Geology
Understanding the process of deformation of the subsurface due to external forces
3D Kinematic Model Building
Physical Models as Guidesto Interpretation Oblique Slip Model
Case Histories: Outcrop and SeismicModeling: Physical and ComputerStratigraphic Consequences
Physical Models
Seismic Interpretation
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
Accumulation
PetroleumMigration
Seal
Reservoir
Leakage
PetroleumCharge
Source Rock
Migration Pathways
Determine Age of
Oils
CoalySource Model
....... .... ....
... ........ ....
... .... ....... ........ ....
... .... ....... ........
....... .... ....
... ........
....
............
... .... ....... ........
........ ....
....... .... ........ ............
.... ........ ............ ....
............
.... ............
....
Gamma Density ResistivityHeavy
Oil
LiteOil
Gas
0 my
Ge
ne
ratio
nR
ate
Predict Oil Quality
100 my
Source Rock Prediction
Sequence Stratigraphy
Characterizing the type, history and origin of petroleum
Exploration Geochemistry:Exploration Geochemistry:Inorganic &
Organic Sedimentology
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
Reservoir Characterization:
Reservoir Characterization focuses on data integration to model reservoir architecture and flow properties
TIME
CUMPROD
Volumetric and reserve estimation Geosteering
Reservoir simulation
Seismic visualization
Resistivity modeling
Outcrop studies
Geostatistics
Fracture characterization
Production data inversion
Reservoir Optimization
SedimentologyFluid FlowComputer Simulation
QUANTIFIED UNCERTAINTY
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
GeologicMapping and Sampling• Gravity• Magnetics
Armentrout 2000, from American Petroleum Institute, 1986
• Seismic Reflection• Geologic Mapping
JMA
Computer Simulationand History Matching
MobilJMA
From Armentrout, 2000, AAPG.org
COMPUTER SKILLS
• PC skills Required– Word Processing– Spreadsheet– Presentation
• Workstation– Try to get exposure– Interpretation most
important: Landmark, Charisma, etc.
Heath, 2002
NON TECHNICAL SKILLS
• Initiative• Ethics and Integrity• ENTHUSIASM• Adaptability• Cooperation• Oral Communication• Grasp & Summarize
Key Issues
Heath, 2002
