Caribbean Studies- Past Papers (1)

8/18/2019 Caribbean Studies- Past Papers (1)

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“FOSTER” - INGCARIBBEAN STUDIES

C.A.P.E

CARIBBEAN SOCIETY, CULTUREAND DEVELOPMEN

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Worksheet:

The worksheet is design to demonstrate how cape Caribbean Studies questions

can be interpreted and answered to achieve Maximum marks. From theContent, it is clear that it consists of THREE sections

Section A Module !ne "ssa# $uestions

Section B Module Two "ssa# $uestions

Section C Short %nswer $uestions

For the Students

Students are reminded that the questions set b# the "xamination Council are intended to

assess the range of content covered b# the S#llabus. &t is therefore important that a total

coverage of the s#llabus is done. Candidates need to make their responses to questions

informant and in doing so offer a high level of anal#tical framework. &t is thereforeimportant for students to disregard their C.S.".C. 'evel of information. (ou are now

older and should therefore know how to handle advanced questions. )ust keep in mind

• *ead questions carefull# before #ou answer. The more #ou read the more #ou can

highlight specific details needed for the response.

For this particular sub+ect it is not necessar# that students to recall over or - points.

Any four or five points clearly explained can give you maximum marks.

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SECTI! A•

"#$%E &' CARIBBEA! SCIET( A!# C$%T$RE

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&. CA)E *++, #escri-e te factors tat ave led Cari--ean migrants living in metropolitan countries to

create a /ome a0ay from ome.1

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Ans0er2

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• From the Post Independence Era, Caribbean people had seen it ft to

migrate to the metropolitan countries. Up to the 198s, it !as "uite e#identthat more and more people migrate and the resultants are seen on our$amilies and le#els o$ interaction among others. %ut, let us consider the$actors in these metropolitan countries that !ould allo! these Caribbeanpeople to create a &home a!a' $rom home(, that is to $eel com$ortable)

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*a+ For most parts, the Cariea! re"i#! i$ %#&e'e& #( the%etr#)#'ita! *#+!trie$. e share similar languages i.e. -panish, English,

utch and French, architectural st'les, education, /ustice s'stem, crops,dishes etc. 0s such !e can $eel com$ortable around the nati#es o$ thecountr' !e settle and merge along !ith them o#er time.

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*b+ an' Caribbean people sought to )r#%#te the *+'t+ra' a*tiitie$ # the re"i#!. he' organi3ed carni#als, open Caribbean restaurants,introduce their means o$ entertainment e.g. reggae. 4iterature, sports etc.

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*c+ Economic struggle is one o$ the main reason people decide to migrate, assuch the' are able to create a home because there is the aai'ai'it #

e%)'#%e!t. -ince our educational s'stems are highl' similar, Caribbeanpeople can appl' and attain /obs in etropolitan societies.

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*d+ G'#a'i/ati#! ma5es the !orld smaller. Caribbean people are com$ortableli#ing a!a' $rom home because the' can al!a's 5no! !hat is occurring inthe region. For e6amples there is the a#ailabilit' o$ Caribbean 7e!spapers*e.g. the stars and the leaner+ through the internet.

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*e+ an' #r"a!i/ati#!$ are ei!" #r%e& thr#+"h#+t the "'#e 0hi*hhi"h'i"ht$ *+rre!t i$$+e$ i! the Cariea! re"i#! e.g. he Caribbeaniaspora rgani3ation.

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*$+ here are man' $actors that ha#e caused them to mo#e a!a' in the frstplace. -uch problems as natural disasters, crime rates, o#er population andlac5 o$ technolog' among others. 0nd there are $actors in the metropolitan

countries that attached them in the frst place, e.g. echnologicalad#ancement, lo! crime rates, higher standards o$ li#ing, better health$acilities. It is there$ore e#ident that another $actor that caused them tocreate &a home a!a' $rom home( is the %a! )+'' a!& )+$h a*t#r$e1i$ti!" i! the %etr#)#'ita! a!& Cariea! re"i#! re$)e*tie'.

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*. CA)E *++, #escri-e o0 te pysical landscape as influenced settlement patterns in te region.

3*+ marks4

Ans0er2

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• 0s people o$ needs and !ants !e li#e in a societ' !here &location( is a

necessit'. 0s such, the ph'sical landscape has in:uenced settlementpatterns in the region. I$ one !ere to consider our histor', it !ould gi#e an

insight on the !a' !e are in:uenced in contemporar' Caribbean societies.•

Prior to the arri#al o$ the Europeans, Pre; Columbian societ' !as #er' much

organi3ed and it re#ol#ed around religion, agriculture, econom', and polities. he Indigenous populace *mainl' the Caribs and anios+ settled in areas !ithmuch !ater and $ertile lands as the' sought out areas !here the' couldha#e plent' o$ resources to ft their nomadic li$est'le. he Europeans hadcome to the region in prospects o$ e6ploiting such resources and in anattempt to do so ha#e established the region into an economic unit creatinglarge scale plantations on the best suited lands.


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*b+ The )h$i*a' Feat+re$ # the La!&) It is "uite e#ident that the ph'sical$eatures o$ the land determine the patterns o$ settlement. Flat or gentl'undulating lands are more attracti#e $or settlements than mountains ors!amp' areas. 4ittle people settle in the %lue ountains as opposed to the4iguanea plains in =amaica.

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*c+ People tend to li#e !here there is the aai'ai'it # I!ra$tr+*t+re.In$rastructure is determined b' the ph'sical landscape. ood roads are idealon :at lands? !ater, electricit', schools, medical $acilities, postal ser#icesand police stations are mostl' $ound on areas that the ph'sical landscapeare capable to $ulfll their purposes. People tend to settle in areas !herecertain com$orts are a@orded. hese there$ore in:uence the !a' industriesare set out and as mentioned be$ore people tend to li#e in areas near totheir /obs.

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*d+ -ome areas are prone to disasters and these are not considered ideal $or

settlement. In contemporar' societ', people a#oid settling in areas !here#olcanoes are *e.g. in ontserrat+ or areas !ith much soil erosion *e.g. in


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P#$itie I%)a*t$*a+ It $h#0*a$e$ the i$'a!&4$ &ier$it in cultures. 0s such it creates a

mar5et !here people can come and en/o' these cultures. ore profts arethere$ore generated as more people !ant to come and e6perience the musicand $esti#als thus )r#%#ti!" T#+ri$%. 0s one can recall, ourism is one o$ the main economic sectors o$ the Caribbean.

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*b+ 0s the gro!th o$ ourism and the 5no!ledge o$ Caribbean musiccircumna#igate the globe, more people become interesting in the industries.

his means that the region sees "uite a lot o$ #rei"! i!e$t#r$.

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*c+ ore $oreign in#estment in the Caribbean cultures benefts the o#erallCaribbean societ'. here is de#elopment in technolog', ph'sical and humanresources as !ell as man' in$rastructures e.g. roads, stadiums

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*d+ It gi#es the region an o#erall &I&e!tit( as their music, $esti#als, andmeans o$ entertainment brings them recognition. For e6ample, =amaica is

5no!n around the !orld as the Island o$ Aeggae, rinidad is 5no!n $or itsCarni#als and $esti#ities. 7ot onl' does this help !ith the image o$ theCaribbean but it pumps pride and nationalism in its people to 5no! that the'are &uni"ue(.

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Ne"atie I%)a*t$

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5a6 0s the Caribbean sho!case its music and $esti#als more and more people$rom aboard aims to utili3e its gro!ing prosperit'. he increase in $oreignin#estors onl' means that people aim to beneft $rom it and there$ore ise1)'#itati#! the re"i#!4$ *+'t+re.

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56 o $ulfll their economic needs and meet !ith the demand o$ music, thepeople !ho in#est in the culture o$ the Caribbean ha#e to constantl'promote it. 7ot onl' that, but to ma5e it more appreciable !ith people o$ di@erent cultures the' sometimes tr' to merge our music !ith other genressuch as roc5, AB% and hip hop among other things. Thi$ i!*rea$e i!*#%%er*ia'i/ati#! a!& i!ter%i1t+re 0ith #ther "e!re$ %ea!$ thatthere i$ '#$$ # )+re!e$$ # the Cariea! M+$i*.

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5*6 here is a constant "uestion o$) 7h# e!e8t %#re InternationalIn#estors ma' bring a $e! benefts to the region but the' also bring a lot o$ problems !ith the people. For most parts most o$ the benefts that come$rom the promotion o$ our cultures are going to!ards them and not thepeople o$ the region. his sometimes causes tension as people belie#e thati$ profts ought to be made then the Caribbean people are the ones to begi#en it.

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3d4 ith the increase in#ol#ements o$ International in#estors and the gro!ingle#els o$ ourism, the regions see the introduction o$ ne! cultures and sothis leads to &cultural pluralit'(. 0s such man' indi#iduals *especiall' the'ounger generation+ begin to '#$e their *+'t+re$ &+e t# i!ter-*+'t+ri/ati#!. •

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7. CA)E *++,8*++9

#iscuss te callenges of Cari--ean society as it seeks to acieve national unity in te

context of cultural diversity.

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Ans0ers2

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• he Caribbean -ociet' has that similarit' in histor', geograph', cultures and

e6periences !hich sets it apart $rom other regions o$ the !orld and thus gi#es it itsIdentit'. 0 shared identit' and e6perience or the subse"uent embracing o$ di@erente6periences that defne the Caribbean !ill promote de#elopment as persons !ill be!or5ing $or the greater good o$ the region as opposed to the sole benefts o$ theircommunit'D segment o$ societ'.


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*c+ ne o$ the main reasons $or our cultural di#ersit' has to be !ith our geographicallocations. hough the Caribbean is located in one geographical area, the countrieso$ the region arent. his distance bet!een us create a problem o$ merging as !ellas communication.

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*d+ he Caribbean is modeled o@ the go#ernment o$ their metropolitan countries.hile =amaica comes $rom a %ritish bac5ground, uadeloupe is $rom a French$rame!or5. hese political di@erences posed a problem o$ relations. Furthermore,

most o$ the countries that e#en share the same political s'stems ha#e changedo#er time. For instance, $or the %ritish est Indian Countries the go#ernmentsought to change their appearance a$ter their independences. In the Post;Independence era di@erent la!s, rules precedents etc. are added !hich are uni"ueto that particular countr'. hese political di@erences !ill create tension andproblems i$ the region is placed under one political s'stem.

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:. CA)E *++7

#iscuss te causes of Social Stratification in Cari--ean Countries.

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Ans0er2

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• -ocial ine"ualit' is the une#en distribution o$ !ealth, po!er, prestige andin:uence *ischler 22+. -ocial stratifcation e6ists !hen this ine"ualit' becomespatterned and institutionali3ed. 0s such, social stratifcation is structured socialine"ualit'.


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*a+ The P'a!tati#! S#*iet9 *#'#+r) Caribbean -ociologists ha#e lin5ed the socialine"ualit' present in contemporar' societ' to the retention o$ the belie$s andacti#ities that occurred during sla#er'. n the plantations, planters taught thesla#es that colour is the main determinant o$ their li#ing standards i.e. the' !eresla#es because the' ha#e an in$erior colour. %ec5$ord notes that our s'stem o$ -ocial stratifcation and population structure came directl' $rom the plantations'stem, !here light comple6ion, and European ph'sical $eatures !ere considered

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*b+ I!&e!t+re$hi)9 ra*e) he Indentureship period carries that notion o$ race andethnicit' as a main !a' to strati$' people. ut o$ sla#er', Europeans and 0$ricans!ere di#ided on their race, and then b' the late 18s, !ith the introduction o$ ne! races and ethnic groups in the Caribbean !e see a plural societ' based on-tratifcation. -mith notes that the Indentureship creates a plural societ' !herepeople &mi6 but do not mingle(. %oth Indentureship as !ell as sla#er' has createdrelati#el' small and raciall' ethnicall' $ragmented societies.

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*c+ E&+*ati#!) In contemporar' societ', people are mostl' stratifed on basis o$ their education? this is mostl' because !e are li#ing in a meritocratic societ'.People use education to determine the t'pe o$ /obs an indi#idual attains and thusdetermine the class on !hich an indi#idual is placed. In is e#ident that anindi#idual !ith an education bac5ground !ould more li5el' be in the middle classthan the lo!er class.

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*d+ 7ea'th) It is e#ident that economic ine"ualit' is the main cause o$ the $ormationo$ di@erent stratus. nes !ealth determines the class the' are placed in societ'. he lac5 o$ !ealth means that 'ou are in the lo!est class as opposed to those inthe upper class !ho are aHuence. For instance in rinidad, e#en though the

proportion o$ !hites is small, the' occup' some elite position in societ' because o$ their economic prosperit'.

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*e+ La*: # 2+i&it i! the $#*ia' *'a$$e$) 0s mentioned be$ore the people o$ theCaribbean are still using the ascripti#e $actors based on their histor' strati$' them.0s such e#en !ith the increase in !ealth and education people are still treateddi@erentl' because o$ their colour, gender, race etc. here is there$ore little :o! o$ people bet!een t!o classes.

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9. CA)E *++:

Explain o0 te tourist industry as elped to sape patterns of -eaviour 0itin

Cari--ean communities.

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Ans0er2


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P#$itie I%)a*t$ # T#+ri$% #! Cariea! )e#)'e4$ ehai#+r

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*a+ ourism is an important source o$ $oreign e6change. It helps create numerous /obsin the Caribbean societ' !ith respect to $ood, airlines, construction, entertainmentetc hese economic benefts ha#e increased some persons standard o$ li#ing andhas increased their consumption patterns o$ international consumer goods.

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*b+ here are rapid changes in the actions o$ the o#ernment. -ince tourism is suchan important part o$ the econom', the go#ernment must ensure the !ell being o$ the #isitors as !ell as the locals. here is there$ore accelerated attempt b' thelocal and regional go#ernment to decrease social illnesses because o$ $ear that itmight decrease tourist arri#al.

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*c+ here is the re#itali3ation o$ uni"ue cultural patterns that might help to mar5etthe region as a tourist destination.

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Ne"atie I%)a*t$ # T#+ri$% #! Cariea! )e#)'e4$ ehai#+r

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*a+ Pr#$tit+ti#! a!& I%%#ra'it) hat ma' be upheld as an appropriate standardo$ beha#iour di@er $rom one countr' to another. -ome segments o$ the populationin the Caribbean #ie! !ith serious reser#ations the impact o$ mass tourism on thetraditional #alues o$ the people. Aesentment stem $rom the $act that homose6ualsand lesbians $rom $oreign countries are brought to our shores. he le#el o$ unemplo'ment also $osters the gro!th o$ prostitution !hich seen b' some nationsas a #iable economic option to po#ert' and hardship. he rise o$ prostitutione#entuall' leads to health problems !ith the conse"uential spread o$ #enerealdiseases such as


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;. CA)E *++7 #iscuss te vie0 tat a /Cari--ean Identity1 is more clearly evident among Cari--ean

nationals 0o meet outside te region tan it is among nationals in te Cari--ean itself.

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Ans0er2

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F#r3*a+ Caribbean people come $rom a #er' di#erse bac5ground !hich does not help

them to identi$' !ith each other and as such there are di@erences due to)insularit', colonial heritage, the ph'sical nature o$ the archipelago, socialstratifcation and ethnic separation.


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his ma' achie#e in !ritings in the ne!spaper, messages on the tele#ision *P-0s+etc.

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*e+ he go#ernment and the people o$ the region can organi3e regular earth"ua5esdrills. here should also be the securing and implementing o$ e#acuation routes.

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• Earth"ua5es are one o$ those natural disasters that are "uite diKcult to predict orcontrol. here is little !e can do !hen an earth"ua5e should come? ho!e#er, the'are certain precautions that can be ta5en to ensure our li#es, in case o$ anearth"ua5e.

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>. CA)E *++7 #escri-e te value of coral reefs to Cari--ean Society and Culture.

3*+ marks4 Ans0er2

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*a+ T#+ri$%) Aee$s are noted $or their natural fsh marine en#ironment. In this !a',ree$s are #aluable to tourism e.g. sightseeing, snor5eling and ser#e as a $oreigne6change mone' earner. Countries such as %arbados, %ahamas Island, %ermudaIsland and =amaica depend greatl' upon ourism. Aee$s dra! hundreds o$ thousands o$ tourist annuall'. his pro#ides an essential $oreign re#enue source. he under!ater scener' is attracti#e to loo5 at e.g. pristine coral ree$s are locatedat %ucco Aee$ in obago and Coral ardens o@ -alisbur' in ominica.

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*b+ C#a$t'i!e Pr#te*ti#!) Coral ree$s are use$ul in shielding coastlines $rom thee@ects o$ !a#e erosion. Aee$s protect coastal #illages, coastal lo!lands and hotels$rom marine destruction. Fishermen are able to shelter their boats in the calm!ater o$ ree$ lagoons. Aee$s there$ore create the natural brea5!ater $or strong!a#es.

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*c+ Fi$hi!") Aee$s are important to fshing. an' coastal communities depend onthe ree$ $or fshing as a li#elihood. Fish #arieties abound due to the natural coralhabitat !hich pro#ides an assortment o$ fsh $ood. Aee$s are there$ore the breeding


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grounds $or fsh and other marine li$e. he barrier ree$ in %eli3e, $or e6ample, is thehome o$ ten hard Coral and o#er LM species o$ fsh. Aee$s pro#ide


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histor'. -ome o$ these e#ents include con"uest and coloni3ation b' po!ers,sla#er', the Europeans dominated po!er structure, a single e6port crop,East Indian Indentureship and the de#elopment o$ a stratifcation s'stembased largel' on race and colour. It is e#ident that Education as a socialinstitution impacts on Caribbean societ' and culture. his is both positi#eand negati#e)

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P#$itie e(e*t$ # e&+*ati#! #! Cariea! $#*iet a!& *+'t+re•

*a+


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&&. CA)E *++: To 0at extent do European cultural institutions continue to dominate Cari--ean society

and Culture@

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Ans0er2

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• CulturalD-ocial institution represents an enduring organi3ation or organi3eds'stem o$ beha#iourial patterns that each societ' de#elops to meet its basicneeds. -ocial institutions pro#ide routine patterns $or dealing !ith predictablepatterns o$ societal li$e *social li$e+. C+'t+ra'9S#*ia' i!$tit+ti#!$ i!*'+&e a%i',re'i"i#!, e*#!#%, )#'iti*$, e&+*ati#!, 'e"a' $$te%, a!& %a$$- %e&ia .

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• an' people argue that the European cultural institutions continue to dominate

the Caribbean societ' and culture. o support their argument the' claim that sincethe coloni3ation o$ the Caribbean, the Europeans ha#e settled the region $or our$our hundred 'ears until the region pursue its independence. 0s such, it is e#identthat the Caribbean region is $ashioned o@ our European counterparts !ith respectsto our social institutions. In opposition "uite a number o$ people belie#e thatthough the European in:uence is still e#ident in Caribbean culture and societ', it isnot true that the' dominate them. his is mainl' as !e as a people, tend to changeo#er time and as such change our cultures rapidl'. -pecifc social institutions !illbe discussed)

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5a6 Re'i"i#!3

• European religious belie$s are #er' much dominant in the Caribbean -ociet'.

Christianit' *both Aoman Catholicism and Protestant+ is the most in:uential anddominant religious bod' in the Caribbean societ' and it in:uences our la!s, #aluesand belie$s. ;#0eer, man' Caribbean indigenous religions in:uence the massesas !ell. Aasta$arianism, oodoo and Ae#i#alism among others are importantreligious bodies that are uni"ue to the Caribbean. #er time the' ha#e mergedtheir doctrines !ith those o$ the Christian $aith. ther religious bodies broughtduring Indentureship such as


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societies !as to $oster e"ualit' o$ opportunit', attain social mobilit' and engenderde#elopment and moderni3ation o$ economic. Neerthe'e$$, the Europeaneducational s'stem is still dominant in the region.

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5*6 G#er!%e!t9 'e"a' $$te%$

• European in:uences are still "uite e#ident in our /ustice s'stem. e as Caribbean

people accept the go#ernment model o$ our once parent countr' e.g. =amaica ismodel o@ %ritain and -t. artin is model o$ that o$ France. hough !e ha#e morea!a' $rom their s'stem deepl' using our o!n precedents and la!s, be still usetheir s'stem $or a plat$orm. Furthermore, the Europeans still ha#e in:uences in ourgo#ernment toda'. he French Islands are still interdependent o$ France $ore6ample. E#en so, the %ritish Caribbean countries still use the Pri#' Council !hichis court o$ English /udges. 0ttempts ha#e been made to change it to the Caribbeanbased Court.

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5&6 E*#!#%

• Europeans ha#e surel' le$t their mar5s on the econom' o$ the region. e

normall' accept those le$t b' our e6perience !ith Plantation sla#er' and so to this

da', the culti#ation o$ sugar cane is still a #er' important economical acti#it'.;#0eer, it must be noted the d'namic abilities o$ the Caribbean people. e ha#edi#ersifed the regions econom' signifcantl' b' the introduction o$ ne! crops,e6porting o$ bau6ite and oil etc.

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5e6 Fa%i'

• European $amil' structure as captured in the Caribbean during the Pre

emancipation era !as the master !ith his !i$e along !ith their children?thus a !+*'ear a%i'. hough it is e#ident that the Caribbean hasnumerous emerging nuclear patterns it is e#ident that other $amil'

structures are emerging in the region. E6tended $amilies !hich come out o$ Indentureship and the gro!ing atri$ocal $amil' are more e#ident in societ'than the nuclear $amil'. hile it is e#ident that European in:uences ha#eshaped most o$ our social institution such as $amil', religion, education andpolitical s'stem, it is not signifcantl' true that their in:uences are stilldominant in the region. e as a d'namic group o$ people ha#e gottenoursel#es di@erent internal and e6ternal $actors that ha#e changed theirin:uences during the Post; independence era.

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)ractice Essays uestions•

It is important to note tat a candidate needs simply a good introduction and at

least 5$R strong points along 0it a conclusion to get maximum marks. Toug it

is necessary for one to ave as muc points as needed? a student sould not 0aste

time addressing all of tem. Remem-er you ave a maximum of 7: minutes per

=uestion.

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7. 4escribe the different wa#s in which extra8regional countries influence societ# and culture in the

Caribbean.

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/. 4escribe, in reference to #our own countr#, examples of the reassure and retention of cultural

practices.

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5. &dentif# F!9* values that are associated with education in the Caribbean. "xplain how these values

have shaped #our choices and behaviours.

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:. 4escribe the influence of religion on Caribbean societ# and culture.

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E!# 5 "#$%E !E

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SECTI! B

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"#$%E *' CHA%%E!ES 5 #EE%)"E!T

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&. CA)E *++,•4escribe how !;" art form or expression of popular culture has contributed

significantl# to the economic development of Caribbean countries.

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Ans0er2

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O!e %a *h##$e t# &i$*+$$ #! either a! art #r% #r e1)re$$i#! #

)#)+'ar *+'t+re. A$ $+*h *a!&i&ate$ %a a&&re$$ M+$i*, Da!*e, Dra%a#r Art a!& S*+')t+re #r art #r%$ a!& #r )#)+'ar *+'t+re #!e %a*h##$e Ra$taaria!i$%, Car!ia'$, Literat+re, Re""ae et*.

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F#r thi$ a!$0er 0e 0i'' '##: at the )#)+'ar *+'t+re3 Ra$taaria!i$%

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• Popular culture ma' include a range o$ e6pressions o$ creati#it' that areaccessible to, produced b', and en/o'ed b', the ma/orit' o$ a societ'. Popularculture has been one important means b' !hich, e#en in da's o$ colonialism


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and sla#er', people !ere able to e6press their identit'. Popular culture helpedto preser#e parts o$ the heritage o$ #arious ethnic groups that !ere broughtinto the region. Caribbean popular culture in recent 'ears is being mar5eted allo#er the !orld. Cal'pso, carni#al, reggae, literature and the steel pan, ha#e notgone unnoticed across the globe.

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• It is "uite clear that man' people in the Caribbean embrace their Aasta$arian

identit'. Aasta$arianism as a popular culture is seen in our music, $ashion and$ood among other things. his popular culture has contributed signifcantl' toour Caribbean societ' economicall' in the $ollo!ing !a's)

•

*a+ Aasta$arians ha#e greatl' been associated to the rise a!& &ee'#)%e!t t#Re""ae M+$i*. Aeggae has set the pace $or Caribbean music and isincorporated in man' genres across the !or5. %ob arle', being a Aasta$arian,during his da's as one o$ the pioneers o$ Aeggae popularit' suggests the rolepla'ed b' this popular culture in the music o$ the region. People $rom all o#erthe !orld tra#el to =amaica to e6perience Aeggae music frst hands and thisbring economic benefts to our countr'D region.

•

*b+ Aasta$arians b' themsel#es attra*t t#+ri$% to the region. People across the!orld lo#e their idea o$ peace and lo#e and their care$ul attitude to nature.

=amaica is 5no!n $or instance as the island o$ the Aasta$arians. Increase in ourism means increase in $oreign e6change $or the region.

•

*c+ Aasta$arians are strict #egetarians and so there is the construction andoperation o$ man' ita' re$ta+ra!t$ across the Caribbean, !hich brings to thepeople $reshl' gro!n #egetables and plants. hese restaurants are importantattraction $or #egetarians and sometimes tourists, thus being economical

important $or the region.•

*d+ ur a$hi#!$ ha#e been directl' lin5ed to that o$ Aasta$arians. e ha#eincorporated their natural designs and their belie$s s'stems in out clothing and

/e!elr'. hese are recogni3ed across the Caribbean and are generatingincreasing profts.

•

e1 ur art a!& $*+')t+re$ are deepl' enriched b' our Aasta$arian cultures. heir lo#e o$ the nature and their belie$s in the use o$ natural ob/ects to e6pressart are ideal $or art lo#ers. -culptures o$ !oods and paintings o$ nature are

instrumental in !inning o#er the attention o$ both locals and $oreigners. his is"uite important as the 0rt and Cra$t $orms almost 2N o$ our ourist sector .•

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*. CA)E *++,•4escribe how political interference has affected the mass media


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• /0 marks1

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Ans0er2

•

• edia re$ers to the #arious means o$ mass communication including electronic

e.g. tele#ision, radio, and print such as) maga3ines and ne!spapers. he massmedia is responsible $or a rapid transmission o$ messages to a di#erse

audience. edias are the gate5eepers o$ in$ormation and images. ostCaribbean countries ha#e enshrined in their constitutions certain $reedoms >$reedom o$ the press, $reedom o$ speech and e6pression. hese rights and$reedoms ha#e resulted in the e6istence o$ a #ibrant and e@ecti#e mass media.

•

• he ass media to a signifcant e6tent the', control !hat !e see and 5no! b'

deciding !hat programs to air, !hat ne!s stories to $eature and !hich issues torepresent. In order $or the mass media to contribute positi#el' to thede#elopment o$ the people, the' ought to bring to our attention all necessar'in$ormation *ne!s, !eather, disaster !arning, ad#ertisement etc.+, educate us

on a #ariet' o$ topics, entertain us through flms, songs, comics etc andin:uence us *shaping o$ attitudes, #alues and beha#iour patterns+.

•

• It is e#ident? ho!e#er, that there are numerous occasions !hen the political

sector o$ the region inter$eres into the a@airs o$ the ass media. his a@ectsthe mass medias abilit' to contribute positi#el' to its audiences. Politicalinter$erences a@ect the mass media in the $ollo!ing !a's)

•

*a+ ne o$ the main aims o$ the ass edia is to pro#ide the populace o$ acountr' !ith the correct in$ormation at all times. Political in#ol#ement can go

against this role. 0t times shortcomings and ineKciencies o$ the go#ernment orpolitical s'stem ma' not be gi#en prominence.

•

*b+ here is the selecti#e publication and censorship o$ letters to the editors. 0balanced picture o$ the #ie!s o$ the population on economic, social and politicalissues ma' not be presented because o$ political inter$erences.

•

*c+ here ma' be the #ictimi3ation o$ emplo'ees o$ the media !ho re$use to to!the line o$ the go#ernment, thus the e#olution o$ creeping dictatorship.

•

,. CA)E *++,

• 2Sports have made a ma+or contribution in the Caribbean.3 To what extend do #ou agree with this

statement.

• 50 marks1

Ans0er2

•

• he Caribbean region en/o's a !ide base o$ sports including Cri*:et,

F##ta'', te!!i$, #''ea'' a!& Ba$:eta'' a%#!" #ther$. In man' cases


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-ports are important to the o#erall !ell being and de#elopment o$ theCaribbean. -ports contribute signifcantl' in the $ollo!ing !a's)

•

*a+ -ports are one o$ the main means o$ bringing the people o$ the Caribbean tointegrate. It is e#ident that the all the Caribbean countries share the samesports. his similarit' helps them to relate to each other more and as such actsas a brea5ing $orce o$ the le#el o$ insularit' in Caribbean societ'. It increase

competition among the people as also bring to them recognition and identit' inthe International sporting !orld. ne o$ the main sports that suggest ho!integrated the Caribbean can be is Cric5et. 0ll o$ the Caribbean countriescontribute a pla'D pla'ers to the est Indian Cric5et eam.

•

*b+ -ports are one o$ the most important path!a's $or educational pursue. 0nindi#idual that has an acti#e role in -ports are able to attain scholarships $romdi@erent colleges across the Caribbean and the !orld.

•

*c+ Aecreation is an important contributor to the total !ell being o$ an indi#idual.0 person occupied in a particular career needs compensator' recreationalacti#ities that ser#e as a source o$ rela6ation. his prepares the indi#idual !ithrene!ed strength, !ill and #italit' to approach the ne6t da's !or5. 0s suchsports as the best recreational acti#ities enhance the total !ell being o$ thepeople o$ the Caribbean.

•

*d+ -porting acti#ities acts as one o$ the $actors that determine the le#el o$ ourism in the Caribbean region. It is a$ter all e#ident that the people o$ theregion engage in numerous sporting acti#ities. ost o$ our sports are!idespread in di@erent $oreign countries and so the people o$ di@erentcountries are moti#ated to #isit the area and engage in these di@erent sports

under a di@erent culture.•

*e+ -ince sports helped !ith the de#elopment o$ ourism, it is $air to sa' that itassist !ith the impro#ement and de#elopments o$ man' in$rastructures acrossthe Caribbean. For e6ample, in 2O !ith the ICC Cric5et series that too5 placein the Caribbean there !as the impro#ement in the structure o$ roads, airportsto accompan' the increase tourist #isits, e6panding o$ national stadiums as !ellas sporting arenas. ith that sport also help !ith the emplo'ment o$ constructors etc.

•

*$+ -ports are no! ideal occupations $or man' Caribbean indi#iduals. People areengaged $ull time in $ootball, athletics, cric5et etc. and these are their *areer$.0s such the' are producti#e members o$ the societ' that uses their s5ills as a!a' o$ benefting themsel#es and the people o$ their countr'.•

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7. CA)E *++,• 2&mported technolog# has marginall# improved the economies of the Caribbean.3 To

what extent do #ou agree with this statement6

• 50 marks1

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Ans0er2

•

• In toda's societ' there is e#idence o$ the globali3ation o$ technolog'. echnolog' !ith respect to computers, phones, machines etc are constantl'brought to the Caribbean as the people o$ the region demand them. In man'cases people argue that the large importation o$ technolog' in the Caribbeanhas onl' marginall' impro#ed the economics o$ the region. I! 0hat 0a i$thi$ tr+e

•

*a+ Increase in technolog' poses "uite a problem to the local industries. %ecauseo$ additional technological ad#ances there is a #ariet' o$ technologies that are

introduced to the region and this $osters competition. he $all in traditionalgoods due to this completion lead to the elimination o$ some industries.

•

*b+ Increase in imported technolog' posed "uite a $e! societal problems e.g.pollution !hich a@ects the people o$ the societ' !ho are the ensuring $actors o$ the econom'.

•

*c+ Increase in technolog' means that man' industries !ould see the use o$ human labour as unimportant. 0s such this a@ects the pattern o$ li#ing in the


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societ' as !ell as the econom' as the regular bu'ing pattern o$ the people isreduced because o$ unemplo'ment.

•

• hough technolog' has brought some marginal impro#ement o$ theeconomies o$ the region it is "uite e#ident that it also brought some positi#ee@ects as !ell.

•

*a+ Increase in technological ad#ancement in the Caribbean means that there aree@ecti#e uses o$ the resources $ound in the region. his increase producti#it'as there !ould be less !aste o$ the resources and the rec'cling o$ resourcescan help to pre#ent the depletion o$ them.

•

*b+ Imported technolog' can impro#e the li#ing conditions o$ the people andthere$ore the econom'. ne o$ the main successes o$ the econom' is thehuman resources and so in order to impro#e the econom' one needs to alsoimpro#e the human resources i.e. its people.

•

*c+ he Caribbean region creates a #er' di#erse numbers o$ goods and ser#ices. hese goods and ser#ices are in constant demand. 0s such it is necessar' $orthe constant production o$ such goods. Increase in technolog' means that thereis mass production o$ goods so as to meet the gro!ing demands o$ the mar5et.

•

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•

*b+ It is imperati#e that there is a great i%)r#e%e!t the te*h!#'#"circulating the Caribbean region. Pri#ate and Public sectors o$ the societ'should in#est more in technological ad#ancement. 7ot onl' !ould this increaseand impro#ement in technolog' assist !ith the mass production o$ goods but it!ould deepl' help the emplo'ees o$ business b' ma5ing their /obs easier, moreproducti#e and more e@ecti#e.

•

*c+ O+r h+%a! re$#+r*e$ %+$t e "reat' &ee'#)e&.


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9. CA)E *++7•4escribe how globali>ation affects the prices of goods and services in Caribbean

countries.

•

/0 marks1

Ans0er2

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• G'#a'i/ati#! re$ers to the emergence in the t!entieth centur', o$ a global

communit', !hereb' cultural, economic, en#ironment and political e#ents

occurring in communities in one part o$ the !orld has "uic5l' come to be

signifcant to people in other societies.

•

P#$itie E(e*t$ #! the )ri*e$ # "##&$ a!& $eri*e$

•

*a+ Caribbean people ha#e $ound that the' are a'$# a'e t# a**e$$ "reater,

%#re arie& ra!"e # $eri*e$ as a result o$ globali3ation. ith the use o$

technologies li5e the internet, the' can bu' and sell almost an'thing $romalmost an' place on earth !ith /ust a clic5 o$ a mouse button? sometimes $or a

$raction o$ its cost had it been purchased locall'. Furthermore, !ith )#'i*ie$

-$+*h a$ that # ree tra&e; $ood items, clothes, lu6uries, educational

e"uipment, and other products deemed necessar' to maintain a particular

standard o$ li#ing ha#e also become more easil' obtained because o$ its lo!

#alue.

•

*b+ It must be noted that the impro#ement in transportation due to globali3ationhas also strengthened the regions international tourist industr', as #isitorsfnd it more eKcient and easier to arri#e her b' plane and b' ocean liner. heimpro#ement o$ transportation technolog' around the globe is anotherimportant component o$ globali3ation. In the Caribbean, trae'i!" r#% #!e*#+!tr t# a!#ther ar#+!& the re"i#! ha$ e*#%e 'e$$ ti%e-*#!$+%i!"a!& i!e1)e!$ie. his is an ad#antage because regional tourists !hopurchase $ood supplies, clothes and stoc5 $or personal use or $or business $rom


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neighboring countries, are a means through !hich go#ernments in thesecountries generate re#enue

•

*c+ Impro#ed transportation methods ha#e also made it easier $or the Caribbean

to transport goods abroad to regions !here it !ould ha#e been impossible

be$ore to transport them because o$ their distance or inaccessibilit', this

!idening o$ the regional mar5et means an increase in e6port profts $or the

regions nations. here i$ a'$# the re'ate& &r#) i! tra!$)#rtati#! *#$t$a!& the re&+*ti#! i! the '#$$ # )r#8t$ due to spoilage o$ goods, $or

e6ample, $resh $ruits and #egetables tra#eling $orm the Caribbean to Europe,

because transportation methods has become speedier and more eKcient.

•

Ne"atie E(e*t$ #! the )ri*e$ # "##&$ a!& $eri*e$

•

*a+ Conclusi#el', the process o$ globali3ation has had a negati#e impact on the

prices o$ goods and ser#ices in the Caribbean in some !a's, because it is a

process that re"uires go#ernments to relin"uish control o$ their economies and

allo! $ree access to mar5ets that !ere once protected, so that the' fnd

themsel#es #)e! t# +!air *#%)etiti#! 0ith a$t' 'ar"er !ei"h#ri!"

*#+!trie$.

•

*b+ he Caribbean region and its respecti#e economies are in a state that does

not lend itsel$ !illingl' to the entire globali3ation process. The !t+r! #

"'#a' e*#!#%, the economic and social panic caused b' the alarming rise in

terrorist acti#it', the con:agration o$ countries such as those in Europe and the

change in the global balance o$ po!er due to such unions, ha#e all impacted on

the #alue o$ goods and ser#ices in the Caribbean states. his means that

globali3ation causes a certain inter;related attachment bet!een the Caribbean

and its trading partners globall'.

•

*c+ lobali3ation causes corporations $rom di@erent countries to in#est in the

goods and ser#ices o$ our region. he' are there$ore the ones !ho determine

the prices o$ our goods and ser#ices and there$ore act to e6ploit the region.

he' !ill ultimatel' increase the prices to generate more profts $or themsel#es.


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;. CA)E *++7

•4iscuss the extent to which the inequitable distribution of wealth in Caribbean countries

can be regarded as a breach of social +ustice.

• 50 marks1

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Ans0er2

•

• S#*ia'


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•

Ar"+%e!t$ a"ai!$t *'ai%3

•

1. e li#e in a meritocratic societ' and so a persons distribution o$ !ealth is

determined b' his !or5 and education and not based on social in/ustices.

2. 0 persons !ealth is directl' lin5ed to their role in societ' e.g. a teacher !ill get

more pa' than a person !ho !or5s in a shop

M. here are man' attempts to e#ade the poorer people o$ societ' $rom their

state e.g. increasing in educational pursue, the acti#ities o$ U7 and di@erent

!el$are programs.

L. -ocial =ustice suggests that an indi#idual should ha#e the minimal amount toha#e a standard o$ li#ing? there$ore the distribution o$ !ealth does not a@ect

that, !ith minimum !ages e#er'one has the minimal amount to sur#i#e.

G. he go#ernment o$ the countries in the Caribbean has adopted man'

strategies to pro#ide good health and education $or the masses that can suit

their economic status.

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Ans0er2

•

• Dee'#)%e!t can then be defned as the sustained le#el o$ economic, social,

cultural, political and en#ironmental !ell;being o$ a countr'. For most parts,

there is no real de#eloped countr'. Each countr' ho!e#er has adopted di@erent

measures to de#elop that particular countr'. In the Caribbean region, !e ha#e

learned $rom e6periences that real de#elopment begins $rom the home, and so

it is necessar' to de#elop our human and ph'sical resources thus achie#ing

ma6imum producti#it'.

•

• e ha#e achie#ed man' degree o$ de#elopment in the Caribbean and this ise6pounded in our gro!th o$ ph'sical resources such as bau6ite and oil, our

in$rastructures and more importantl' our people. In spite o$ this, there are

man' $actors that pre#ent ma6imum de#elopment in the region. hese $actors

include)

•

*a+ The Di$tri+ti#! # 0ea'th) he distribution o$ !ealth in the Caribbean is

#er' un$air. -ome people !ill constantl' be !ealthier than others, and this!ealth normall' $alls in the hands o$ those indi#iduals !ho control the means o$

production. his ultimatel' a@ects our de#elopment. he !ider the economic

gap is bet!een the rich and the poor the longer a countr' !ill ta5e to de#elop

as the !ealth and accelerated economic acti#it' !ill be concentrated to a

particular group as opposed to being !idespread.

•

*b+ Nat+ra' a!& %a!-%a&e &i$a$ter$) 7atural and man;made disasters

hinders de#elopment as it contribute to the loss o$ in$rastructure, li$e, crops and

general hindrance o$ the de#elopment process as de#elopment pro/ects ha#e to

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*c+ A! +!&ee'#)e& h+%a! )#)+'ati#!) he


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aims. ourism leads to the depletion o$ our resources e.g. fshes? it causes

cultural erosion, beach erosion and pollution, damages to our coral ree$s, brain

drain, prostitution and immoralit' etc. hese are all disastrous to the

de#elopment aims o$ our countries.

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>. CA)E *++:

•4escribe how discrimination against women impacts on the development in the

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• /0 marks1

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Ans0er2

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• From the late 19s, !omen ha#e sho!n their true colours and the' ha#e

e6ceeded in education, politics, construction, agriculture, and sports among

other things. In most cases the' ha#e mo#ed a!a' $rom the traditional roles o$

!omen and ha#e #entured in the felds that ha#e usuall' deemed to be male

dominated. his has caused much attention on the gender, and it is e#ident

that the' are #ie! di@erentl' $rom male !or5ers, or males, in general. he

discrimination o$ !omen is still e#ident in Contemporar' Caribbean societ' and

this o$ course has negati#e e@ects on the de#elopment o$ the region)

•

*a+ ne o$ the main !a's to de#elop a countr' is to de#elop its human resources.

omen are /ust as important as men, as both o$ them o@er special s5ills and

ser#ices to the mar5et. he discrimination o$ !omen a@ects the total

producti#it' and capacit' o$ the human resources o$ a countr'.

•

*b+ iscrimination o$ !omen !ill promote lo! esteems. 4o! esteems !ill

ultimatel' impact negati#e on the o#erall societ' as it !ould decrease the

$reedom o$ the !omen in societ'.

•

*c+ iscrimination o$ !omen means that the' are not gi#en the best /obs and the'

are not allo!ed to pursue certain felds !ithout much opposition. 0s such, this

means that the' are not able to attain the best possible position in societ' and

thus their li#ing standards are decreased signifcantl'.

•

*d+ en tend to resent and resist ha#ing !omen !or5 in /obs that are regarded as

male /obs. his constant discrimination o$ !omen ma' result in hostilit'

to!ards !omen in these /obs. his means that the !or5place !ould lose

producti#it' and e@ecti#el' thus hindering de#elopment.


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•

*e+ he region has a strong histor' o$ social stratifcation and discrimination. his

hinders de#elopment as i$ there are no a#enues or scope $or social mobilit' o$

!omen !ithin a societ' then this can lead to antagonism as !omen !ill see

themsel#es as in$erior as or less important than men. iscrimination o$ !omen

breeds insecurit' Dmistrust among the genders and thus a negati#e impact on

de#elopment

•

7#%e! are =+$t a$ i%)#rta!t a$ %e! t# the #era'' &ee'#)%e!t # the Cariea! $#*iet. A$ h+%a! ei!"$ the hae $)e*ia' i!!ate $:i''$a!& ta'e!t$ that 0he! &ee'#)e& *a! e )+t t# "##& +$e. The&i$*ri%i!ati#! # 0#%e! 8r$t a!& #re%#$t a(e*t$ the #era''e(e*tie!e$$ # the h+%a! re$#+r*e$ # the re"i#! a!& th+$ the 'ee'# &ee'#)%e!t.

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&+. CA)E *++:• Suggest wa#s in which the tourism industr# in the Caribbean can further advance

development in the region.

• /0 marks1

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Ans0er2

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• ourism is an important economic sector o$ the Caribbean region. -uch

countries as %ermuda, %arbados, rinidad and =amaica depend deepl' on

ourism $or the de#elopment o$ their countries. he climate and !eather, the

people, the culture, the location o$ the Caribbean are all ideal and this

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there$ore important $or $urther de#elopment o$ the region in the $ollo!ing

!a's)

•

*a+ ourism is an important a#enue $or #rei"! e1*ha!"e ear!i!"$. %' the

pro#ision o$ ser#ices such as tra#el, accommodation, $ood, and recreational

acti#ities, to tourists the region can ran5 tourism as a ma/or earner o$

$oreign e6change to either bau6ite or oil. he collection o$ this currenc' goes

a long !a' in helping to impro#e the balance o$ pa'ment situations in the

countries thus clearing our debts and can also be used to in#est in di@erent

de#elopment campaigns.

•

• he Caribbean depends upon tourism to help minimi3e their ad#erse trade

balance. he $oreign re#enues accrued helps to alle#iate trade imbalance.

For countries that depend on agricultural earnings such as the Eastern

Caribbean and %arbados, tourism is o$ paramount importance due to the

:uctuating nature o$ their agricultural e6ports and earnings.

•

*b+ he Caribbean ourism rgani3ation estimates that tourism pro#ides

&ire*t a!& i!&ire*t e%)'#%e!t $or hundreds o$ thousands o$ people in

the region. =obs are created in the airlines, hotelsDmotels, through recreation,

tra#el agencies, tourism bureau and ad#ertising. ourism has a ripple e@ect

on the manu$acturing, industrial and ser#ice sectors o$ the econom'.

4in5ages e6ist in man' areas such as agriculture, manu$acturing,

constructions, culture *music, dances etc+.

•

*c+ here is the &ee'#)%e!t # %a! i!ra$tr+*t+re$ throughout the

Caribbean. In an e@ort to sustain and impro#e on the gains $rom tourism,

go#ernments are encouraged to impro#e the "ualit' o$ in$rastructure

de#elopments. hese include the upgrading o$ airports, seaports, roads, and

the pro#ision o$ reliable supplies o$ !ater, electricit' and communication

$acilities. his redounds to beneft both the tourists and the nationals.

•

*d+ ourism allo!s $or the )re$erati#! a!& )r#%#ti#! # C+'t+re.

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this $orm and this enhances cultural preser#ation. Cultural $ol5lore such as

the steel band, cal'psos, limbo dancing and religious customs and traditions

are promoted.

•

e1 ourists come to the region partl' because o$ one o$ our natural resources,

the beach. he promotion o$ tourism means that !ater must be $ree $rom

pollution such as oil spills or industrial !astes or seepages. he landscape

around becomes de#eloped and there is a general enhancement o$ the area

through 'a!&$*a)e )re$erati#!.

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&&. CA)E =uestion

•4escribe F!9* challenges faced b# Caribbean governments in their efforts to promote

tourism development.

• /0 marks1

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Ans0er2

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• ourism is #er' important to the de#elopment o$ the region.


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*c+ L#*a' A**e$$ a!& Fa*i'itie$) Caribbean countries o@er a #ariet' o$ scenicattractions. he unspoilt countr'side are particularl' appealing to the eco;tourist. ation3. To what extent do #ou agree with this

statement6

• 50 marks1


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/. To what extent do sports in the Caribbean provide educational opportunities for Caribbean people aswell as a people as a route to Caribbean nationalism6

• 50 marks1

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CA)E *++:

5. "xamine how freedom of the press impacts on development in the Caribbean6

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50 marks1•

:. "xplain what is meant b# 2technolog#3 and show the varieties of wa#s in which culture is being

influenced toda# b# evolving technologies.

• 50 marks1

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CA)E *++7

?. 4iscuss the view that a ma+or challenge to the integration movement in the Caribbean is the widedisparit# in levels of development among member countries of Caricom.

• 50 marks1

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E!# 5 "#$%E TD

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SECTI! C

SHRT A!SDER $ESTI!S

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CA)E *++,

"#$%E &' CARIBBEA! SCIET( A!# C$%T$RE

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7. a1 2=lural societ#3 is a term used b# some authors to describe societ# and culture in the

• Caribbean toda#. "xplain what is meant b# plural societ#. / marks1

Ans0er2


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• -ociologist .. -mith re$ers to the Caribbean as a Plural -ociet' because itconsists o$ more than one race or ethnic groups *0$ricans, Europeans, 0sians+!ho share the same geographical region but has nothing in common. hesegroups create their o!n cultural institutions and $ollo! their o!n customs andbelie$s. In his theor' he argues that these races, &mi6 but the' do not mingle.(•

• b1 2=lantation societ#3 is another term used to describe Caribbean societ# and culture

• toda#. 4escribe, briefl#, T@! features of a plantation societ#. : marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ In a plantation societ', agriculture has a #er' signifcant role to the econom'. his is true o$ the Caribbean !hose main economical !ealth comes $romagriculture such as co@ee, sugar and rice among others.

*b+ 0 societ' characteri3ed b' much stratifcation !here colour, !ealth andeducation pla's a #er' important role in determining a persons social standing.•

/. a1 !utline T@! practices of people living in the Caribbean that have contributed to

• accelerated soil erosion. / marks1

Ans0er21. Poor $arming techni"ues such as ploughing, shi$ting o$ culturation etc. here isthe tendenc' to o#er gra3e lands. #ergra3ing is !here animals are allo!ed toconsume all the grass or #egetation o$ a particular land and as a resultant o$ that it is le$t opened $or !ind andDor !ater to erode the no! loose soil.

2. here is a gradual gro!th in de$orestation throughout the Caribbean. en cutdo!n trees in the $orest $or use in manu$acture and the' sometime re$use toreplant the trees. he soil becomes loose because the once gripping $orce the'had is remo#ed.

M. Increase mining and "uarr'ing•

• b1 4escribe T@! methods of soil conservation that ma# be used to combat the problem

• of soil erosion. : marks1

Ans0er2

1. Farmers should be !ise in controlling the gra3ing o$ their animals. he' oughtto mo#e their animals $rom one area to another rather than allo!ing them tosta' in one place.

2. here should be re$orestation !here e#er there is de$orestation. nce a tree isremo#ed, one should replace it as soon as possible.

M. Crop rotation instead o$ monocropping, use o$ $ertili3ers, ploughing o$ hillsidesalong contours etc.

•

5. a1 ;ame T@! Caribbean territories where there are still significant numbers of

• indigenous peoples living toda#. / marks1

Ans0er2

• -uch Caribbean territories that still ha#e a signifcant number o$ indigenouspeople are u'ana, -uriname, ominica and %eli3e.

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• b1 Aive T@! explanations for the pattern of distribution of indigenous peoples in the

• Caribbean toda#. : marks1

Ans0er2

1. The arria' # the E+r#)ea!$) ith the arri#al o$ the Europeans, theindigenous populace sa! a #er' $orce$ul push a!a' $rom their usual areas o$ settlement. an' o$ the Indians had to :ee to the mountains, and $orest as theEuropeans ta5e the coast and plains to operate their businesses.

2. Their #ri"i!a' %i"rat#r )atter!$ $rom 0sia, onto Central 0merica andthen into the Caribbean. Up to this da', there are numerous indigenous peoplein the 4esser 0ntilles *i.e.+ the Caribs and on -outh 0merican mainlands.•

:. 4escribe TB*"" wa#s in which the education of Caribbean nationals abroad has influenced

Caribbean culture. marks1

Ans0er2

1. Increase education o$ Caribbean people abroad has created an open in#itation$or the introduction o$ $oreign cultures into the region. hese people bring bac5!ith them di@erent #alues, belie$s, !a' o$ thin5ing and ideas. his there$orein:uence the !a' the' relate to people !ithin the region and there$ore impacts

on them as !ell.2. It assists the Caribbean in bringing ne! technical and learning s5ills to its

people thus de#eloping the human resources.M. It leads to %rain drain; as more people more a!a' to get educated, it

in:uence the !a' others thin5. he' soon conclude that the best !a' toimpro#e their standard o$ li#ing is to go a!a' $rom home

L. It brings us a more di#erse !or5 $orce as people ha#e the chance to getbetter "ualifed $or their /obs.•

?. 4escribe TB*"" wa#s in which enslavement of the people in the Caribbean has contributed to the

erasure of their cultural practices. marks1

Ans0er2

• his occur in three important !a's) -UPPAE--I7, 0CCU4UA0I7 andI7EA;CU4UA0I7

*a+ -uppression) In an ensla#ed societ', one person is the propert' o$ another. Inthe Caribbean, ensla#ement o$ people led to cultural erasure because the'!ere suppressed $rom practicing their cultures period. For e6amples, %lac5s!ere not allo!ed to beat drums or gather in groups.

*b+ 0cculturation) 0cculturation is !here one group is $orced into ac"uiringanothers culture. 0cculturation there$ore contributed signifcantl' to theerasure o$ cultural practices. n the plantation estates, blac5s !ere $orced toadopted European cultures e#en to the e6tent that practicing their o!n sa!mass punishment. uring the encomienda s'stem, also, the Indians !ere$orced to stop their cultures and ta5e their o!n. hese groups !ere told thattheir cultures are in$erior and barbaric.

*c+ Inter;culturation) hen t!o di@erent cultures e6ist in the same place, thesecultures !hich sort o$ rub o@ onto each other. his happened during plantationsla#er' as !ell as the encomienda s'stem as !ell. he ensla#ed because the'!ere caught bet!een learning one culture and practicing their o!n, mergedboth the cultures that ha#e in:uenced them.


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"#$%E *' CHA%%E!ES 5 #EE%)"E!T

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. a1 2Social and economic equali>ation3 is one index of development. "xplain briefl# what this term

means. / marks1

Ans0er2

• his term re$ers to the di@erence bet!een the social classes in a particular

societ' in relations to the amount o$ income earned and the "ualit' o$ li$e

e6perienced.•

c1 2&ncrease in modern Dnowledge3 is also widel# accepted as an index of development.

• "xplain briefl# what the term means. / marks1

Ans0er2

• %eing de#eloped is normall' lin5ed !ith the Industriali3ation o$ societ'.

here$ore this term re$ers to the increase moderni3ation o$ such institutions!ithin societ' especiall' those that accommodate the spread o$ 5no!ledge!hich are thought to promote industriali3ation !ithin societ' e.g. $actoriesand schools among others.•

d1 State the difference between the Aross 4omestic =roduct A4=1 and the Aross

• ;ational =roduct A;=1. / marks1

Ans0er2

• P is the measure o$ a countr's capabilit' to be sel$; suKcient in

suppl'ing the goods and ser#ices o$ the entire population and is there$orethe total #alue o$ goods produced and ser#ices pro#ided in a countr' in a'ear. 7P ho!e#er, is the total domestic and $oreign output produced b' theresidents o$ a countr' regardless o$ their location.•

. 4escribe T@! factors, or relationships, in Caribbean countries that tend to maintain inequitable patterns in the distribution of wealth. marks1

1. ealth is distributed b' the persons !ho control the means o$ productionand there$ore in $a#our o$ the ruling class. his means that it depends on!ho distribute it in the frst place.

2. Endogam' aims to maintain the un$air distribution o$ !ealth. Endogam'means that people onl' marr' in their class. For e6ample, an upper class !illonl' marr' another upper class person and ne#er one $rom the lo!er class.


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5. ur long histor' o$ e6ploitation and ine"ualit' in terms o$ encomienda,sla#er', Indentureship etc. his is there$ore apart o$ our culture and it !illnot change.•

-. a1 State what is meant b# the term 2urbani>ation3. 7 mark1

Ans0er2

• Urbani3ation is the massi#e mo#ement o$ people $rom the rural areas o$ a

countr' to its urban areas to settle.•

• b1 "xplain T@! positive effects that urbani>ation has had on development in the Caribbean. :

marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ here is a more eKcienc' in the labour $orce as more and more peopleenroll in di@erent industries in the urban areas

*b+ o e#ade the problems o$ Urbani3ation, there are man' methods that ha#ebeen adopted to impro#e the rural areas, such as the building o$ industriesin rural areas and the creation o$ man' social $acilities such as health,

education, recreation etc along !ith increase de#elopment o$ in$rastructuree.g. roads, !ater•

• c1 &dentif# !;" negative effect that urbani>ation has had on development in the Caribbean. 7 marks1

Ans0er2

• he #ercro!ding o$ cities, the gro!th o$ slums, rising pollution, rising

unemplo'ment le#els etc•

E. &t is common complaint of sportsmen and sportswomen in the Caribbean that the# cannot achieve the

full professional status that the# seek in their various sporting disciplines. Suggest TB*"" factors that

prevent such individuals from becoming full# professional. marks1 Ans0er2

*a+ here is little a#ailable sponsors in the Caribbean region !ho canade"uatel' pro#ide all the necessities that sportsmen and !omen desire

*b+ here are onl' a $e! reasonable pro$essional coaches, this hamper thede#elopment o$ man' sportsmen and !omen

*c+ here is little popularit' o$ the sport to international in#estors.*d+ an' indi#iduals ha#e little education and this means that the' are not

able to continue their training or recei#e scholarships to colleges aboard.•

70. &dentif# T@! examples of social in+ustice in the Caribbean and show how "%CB can impactnegativel# on economic growth and development. marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ Ge!&er I!e>+a'it; leads to sel$;esteem problems, underde#elopment o$ human resources

*b+ Di$*ri%i!ati#! a"ai!$t %i!#ritie$ e.g. Aasta$arians, homeless people,indi#iduals ha#ing


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"#$%E ,' C!#$CTI! A!# I!#E)E!#E!T ST$#IES

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77. a1 4efine the term, 2sampling3 7 marks1

Ans0er2

• -ampling is a popular procedure in research in !hich a researcher !ould

select a particular group o$ people $rom a population under stud' torepresent that population.

•

• b1 "xplain wh# sampling is necessar# in research. 7 marks1

Ans0er2

• Aesearchers sometimes !ant to 5no! about a particular population that is

e6tremel' large. Instead o$ !asting time and mone' to obser#e e#er' one,the' assume that a group o$ people e6periences the same circumstancesand use them as a representation as a !hole.


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8 0n increase in ourism leads to the increase in prices in Caribbeanterritories.•

7:. (ou are invited to research gender issues in the workplace in #our countr#. Formulate T@! questions

that #ou would use in an interview. : marks1

• %nswer

*a+ -hould males and $emales ha#e di@erent roles in the !or5place

*b+


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2. Aasta$arian $ashions are !idespread around the !orld as people gra#itateto their colours and their man' signifcant s'mbols. Caribbean $ashionindustries ha#e adopted Aasta$arian cultures into their line o$ clothing andthese are sold all o#er the !orld.

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/ a1 "xplain what is meant b# 2social stratification3. / marks1

Ans0er2

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*a+ Indentureship !as a !age;earn s'stem as opposed to sla#er' !here theplanters recei#e $ree labour

*b+ Indentures had $reedom o$ mo#ement, religious $reedom*c+ Indentureship !as a contract s'stem, !here Indentures onl' had to !or5

according to.

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? a1 &dentif# T@! wa#s in which music festivals staged b# Caribbean nationals in the 9nited Dingdom

!* ;orth %merica influence the culture of "&TB"* societ#. : marks1 Ans0er2

1. he lo#e o$ Caribbean music in:uences these nations to incorporateCaribbean music in their genres o$ music. For e6ample, Aeggae is seen in


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• ii1 riefl# explain how environmental factors can influence development. / marks1

Ans0er2

• he en#ironmental policies that a countr' adopts indicate the le#el o$

de#elopment that has occurred in a countr'. he en#ironmental a!arenesso$ a population can also be used to assess the le#el o$ de#elopment that hasta5en place in a countr'. 7atural disasters, the use o$ lands and the use o$ the natural resources determine ho! much mone' is used to de#elop areas

o$ societ'.•

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9sing examples, describe T@! effects that inappropriate land use in agricultural has had on

development in the region. marks1

Ans0er2*a+ onocropping is bad $or both the land and the econom'. he planting o$

one crop and the replanting o$ that crop constantl' in the same area leads tothe depletion o$ particular nutrients in the soil leading to in$ertilit'.Furthermore i$ something should happen to the mar5eting o$ that crop it canreduce the standard o$ li#ing o$ people !ho depends on it.

*b+ #ergra3ing a@ect the li#es o$ people as it contributes to soil erosions etc. oo much mone' is also spent to conser#e the soil !hen that could be usedto maintain social institutions in the Caribbean.

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- a1 &dentif# T@! organi>ations !* factors that have facilitated globali>ation in the Caribbean. /marks1

Ans0er2

• Or"a!i/ati#!$ include) ; !orld trade organi3ation, ation has affected Caribbean economies.

• : marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ Caribbean people are able to access greater, more #aried range o$ ser#icesand goods !hich brings about better standards o$ li#ing.

*b+ El#en5ind notes lobali3ation has also pro#ide Caribbean go#ernments!ith a more eKcient access to pharmaceuticals, health aid apparatus andeducational e"uipment

*c+ lobali3ation leads to the e6ploitation o$ people, especiall' !hen a largemore de#eloped countr' is in#ol#ed.

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E a1 State !;" wa# in which a named Caribbean institution has contributed to development in the

region. / marks1

Ans0er2

• he Uni#ersit' o$ the est Indies has contributed to the de#elopment o$

the Caribbean people b' ma5ing them better "ualifed $or the !or5ing !orld.

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• b1 9sing examples, describe T@! wa#s in which sport has contributed to development in the region.

: marks1 Ans0er2

*a+ -ports acts as an integrati#e $orce !ithin Caribbean societ'*b+ It enhances the !ell;being o$ the Caribbean people; ph'sicall' and

mentall'

SEE SECTION B CAPE ?@@- >+e$ti#!

• 70 a1 i1 State what is meant b# Gindustriali>ation b# invitation3. 7 mark1

Ans0er2

• Coined and de#elop b' 0rthur 4e!is, this re$ers to the process o$ in#iting

in#estors into a countr' b' the use o$ numerous incenti#es so as to impro#etechnolog' and production.•

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• ii1 State !;" wa# in which industriali>ation b# invitation has benefited the Caribbean.

• 7 mark1

Ans0er2

• Industriali3ation b' in#itation allo!s man' in#estors to pa' attention to the

region. It there$ore pro#ides emplo'ment $or people o$ the region as these

in#estors in#est in the gro!th and de#elopment o$ industries.•

• b1 4escribe T@! wa#s in which the mass media has contributed to development in the region. :

marks1

Ans0er2

• *a+ he mass media teaches certain cultures that are en$orced b' societ'

and there$ore it gi#es an identit' to the Caribbean people.

• *b+ here is the pro#ision o$ #ital in$ormation that can help promote

changes in the Caribbean people. he Pro#ision o$ in$ormation aboutinstitutions, e#ents, trends and changes in di@erent countries in the regionand the global communit' helps !ith the de#elopment o$ people. Itthere$ore cause economic de#elopment as !ell.

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77 a1 State T@! variables in the following research problem.

• 2&s the involvement of Caribbean women in cricket, in terms of regular practice and pla#ing time,

related to famil# obligation63 / marks1

A!$0er3


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*a+ In#ol#ement o$ Caribbean !omen in cric5etb1 Aelated to Famil' obligations

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• b1 "xplain !;" wa# in which h#pothesis differs from a problem statement. / marks1

Ans0er2

• he h'pothesis is a theor' as is there$ore !hat the researcher aims or

hopes to pro#e b' the end o$ his research, !hile the problem statement is

the issue that is going to be researched.•

7/ a1 (ou are required to carr# out research into the games pla#ed b# children in #our countr# over

sevent#8five #ears ago.

• ;ame T@! valid sources of information for this research. / marks1

Ans0er2

• he use o$ the Internet *re#ie! o$ literatures, past researches+, boo5s about

the past•

• b1 State T@! data collection methods that ma# be used for the research identified above.

• / marks1 Ans0er2

• he use o$ the sur#e', especiall' inter#ie!s? the e#aluation use o$

-econdar' sources•

75 The Ministr# of Bealth has investigated for use of drugs among #oung persons between the ages of

thirteen and eighteen.

a1 State T@! formats in which the data collected ma# be presented. / marks1

Ans0er2

8 he use o$ charts

8 he use o$ speeches•

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b1 'ist T@! topic areas that should be included in the conclusion of a stud#. / marks1

Ans0er2

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7: % researcher wishes to investigate the selling of drugs b# teenage students at 4rumbago College.

riefl# describe T@! ethical practices that must be considered in conducting the research. : marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ he getting o$ consents $rom the people in#ol#ed in the stud'

*b+ he in$ormation in the research ma' be presented to others but there mustbe a degree o$ confdentialit'; is the pri#ac' o$ people maintainedc1 he harms that ma' be brought upon the respondents.

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7? Aive T@! reasons wh# it is necessar# for a researcher to conduct a review of literature.

• : marks1

Ans0er2

1. It pro#ides bac5ground in$ormation $or the topic being researched2.


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There i$ #!e "e!era' &e8!iti#! # $#*iet3 It i$ a! "r#+) # )e#)'e 'ii!"t#"ether i! "r#+), *#%)ri$i!" a $i!"'e *#%%+!it a!& 0h#$e %e%er$are i!ter&e)e!&e!t, !#te$ M+$ta)ha 5?@@6. ;#0eer it *a! e &e8!e& i!&i(ere!t 0a$3

*a+ -ociet' can be defned !ith re$erence to a national communit' e.g. he =amaicanor a subsection o$ a particular societ' e.g. that societ' is rural.

b1 -ociet' can be defned in a !a' that lin5 groups o$ people !ho share commoninterests e.g. he


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It help their output o$ goods and ser#ices to be more eKcient as these

people $orm a cheap, s5illed and e@ecti#e !or5$orce Caribbean labours mean that there is the creation o$ competition in the

!or5place !hich !ill beneft the emplo'ers

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Total ,+ marks

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"#$%E * ' ISS$ES I! CARIBBEA! #EE%)"E!T

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. a1 i1 "xplain what is meant b# Gdevelopmentation that facilitates globali>ation. 7 marks1 Ans0er2

*a+ IF; International onetar' Fund*b+ he !orld ban5*c+ ation on "%CB of the following.

• i1 'abour

• ii1 Trade


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• iii1 &deolog#

Ans0er2

SEE CAPE ?@@- SECTION B

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-. a1 &dentif# T@! challenges faced b# either C%*&FT% or the @est &ndies Federation. / marks1

Ans0er2

1. here !as little le#el o$ trust among the countries !ithin the est Indies

Federation, some richer countries $elt that the others !ere sponging o@ their!ealth and the poorer ones $elt that the others are e6ploiting them.

2. 4ac5 o$ proper communication and transportation5. here !as little !ealth to support the Federation

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• b1 State how "%CB of the following institutions has contributed to development of the region

• i1 Caribbean Tourism !rgani>ation CT!1

Ans0er2

• he Caribbean ourism rgani3ation promotes the Caribbean region as a

beauti$ul tourist attraction and to $ulfll the needs o$ the #isitors educate and

train the people in the tourism sectors.•

• ii1 9niversit# of the @est &ndies 9@&1

Ans0er2

• he Uni#ersit' o$ the est Indies acts as the most important educational

institution in the Caribbean. It assists !ith the de#elopment o$ the region b'pro#iding the people o$ the region !ith the best le#el o$ "ualifcation toenhance the !or5$orce.•

E. a1 "xplain the term 2=an %fricanism3. / marks1

• Ans0er

• Pan; 0$ricanism is a political, social and cultural belie$ that spreads the idea

o$ all people o$ Ari*a! !at+re *i.e. people in 0$rica, o$ 0$rican culture or0$rican descendants+ should act as an uni$'ing $orce regardless o$ !herethe' ma' be across the !orld.•

• b1 "xplain !;" wa# in which =an %fricanism has contributed to development of the region. /

marks1

Ans0er2

8 Pan; 0$ricanism acts as a means o$ displacing the ine"ualities o$ racism8 It also acts as an integrati#e $orce that bring blac5s around the !orld

together•

• c1 "xplain the term 2negritude3.

Ans0er2

• 7egritude is an ideolog' originated among French spea5ing blac5s !ho

re$used to tolerate the political, social, cultural and moral domination o$ theest.


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70. a1 "xplain what is meant b# 2social +ustice3. / marks1

Ans0er2

• -ocial /ustice re$ers to the idea that members o$ a societ' regardless o$

race, creed, class, age, gender should ha#e minimal guarantee to accessthings D conditions that ma5e a li#ing.•

• b1 "xplain !;" wa# in which development is affected b# breaches of social +ustice.• / marks1

Ans0er2

8 -ocial /ustice is mani$ested !hen there is harmonious relationship amongall the classes o$ societ' but based on the histor' o$ the Caribbean there isstill inconsistenc' in social /ustice. %reaches o$ social /ustice !ill cause chainreactions !hich a@ect all le#els o$ social and economic li$e. 0@ecting thele#els o$ social and economic li$e a@ects de#elopment.

8 -ocial in/ustice is mani$ested in the une"ual distribution o$ !ealth !hich!idens the gap bet!een the rich and poor. Increase in this gap a@ects

de#elopment o$ a countr'.•

• c1 &dentif# T@! forms of discrimination that ma# lead to social in+ustice. / marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ ender discriminationD ine"ualit'*b+ Aacial discrimination*c+ iscrimination against minorit' in societ' e.g. 0ids ictims, Aasta$arians,

indigenous people, the disabled, the elderl'Total ,+ marks

•

• "#$%E ,' I!ESTIATI! H$"A! A!# SCIA% #EE%)"E!T I! THE

CARIBBEA!

•

77. a1 i1 State wh# the following statement ma# be classified as a h#pothesis.

• 2The prevalence of smoking has increased among Caribbean girls in the past decade.3 7 mark1

Ans0er2

• his can be classifed as a h'pothesis because it is an assumption. 0nh'pothesis is a prediction o$ the outcome o$ a research.•

•

ii1 9se the h#pothesis above to formulate a problem statement. / marks1 Ans0er2

•


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• a1 -mo5ing has al!a's been lin5ed to men and so it ma' be interesting to

5no! that !omen are becoming pre#alent smo5ers !hich can be lin5ed tothe changing roles o$ !omen in societ'

• *b+ -mo5ing is a rude practice and so it is important to 5no!, !here and

!ith !hom smo5ing has increased it is $rom that procedures can be made tostop it.•

7/. a1 State, in sequence, T@! stages in conducting research. / marks1 Ans0er2

• -tatement o$ Problems;;;;Create h'pothesis;;;;; bser#ationD Aesearch;;;;

InterpretingD anal'3ing o$ obser#ation;;;;$ormulating ones theor'

•

• b1 (ou are required to investigate the number of first formers at #our school who eat a full breakfast

dail# before attending school.

• i1 State !;" method that #ou would use to collect #our data. 7 mark1

• Ans0er

• he best !a' is the use o$ sur#e's;;; especiall' "uestionnaires

•

• ii1 &dentif# a suitable format that #ou would use for the presentation of the data.

• 7 mark1

Ans0er2

• he best !a' is b' the use o$ graphs and tables

•

75. a1 State T@! considerations that should be included in the 2Conclusion and *ecommendations3

section of a research report. / marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ his is usuall' a summar' o$ the main fndings in relation to the researchob/ecti#e.

*b+ It ma' also include a restatement o$ the thesis or main idea o$ the stud'.*c+It can propose areas $or $urther stud'.*d+ he conclusion should not introduce an' ma/or topic that is ne!.

•

• b1 &dentif# T@! ethnical principles to which the researcher should adhere. / marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ he consent o$ the respondents must be adhered. In cases !here theconsents are in$ormed, it must be documented in all cases.

*b+ here should be an ideal le#el o$ ob/ecti#it'. Aesearchers ought to 5eeptheir personal belie$s, #alues and ideas out o$ their research.

c1 Aesearchers are not e6pected to as5 personal and sensiti#e "uestions i$ the' reali3e that respondents do not $eel com$ortable about re#ealing suchin$ormation.•

7:. State TD characteristics of research ob+ectives. : marks1

Ans0er2


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• he goals to be achie#ed at the end o$ the research should be applicable,

in$ormed b' sources, clear and lin5 directl' to the research problem.•

7?. (ou are doing research on laws passed b# parliament in #our countr#. &dentif# T@! sources of

information for #our research. : marks1

Ans0er2

*a+ he Internet no! has precedents $rom courts and ha#e specifc la!s made

b' parliament o$ Caribbean countries*b+ 7e!spapers reports are #er' rele#ant as the mass media usuall' brings

la!s to the attention o$ the public.*c+ ne can use archi#al sources

•

Total *+ marks

•

•

E!# 5 SECTI! #

•

RE5ERE!CES

7. Mustapha ;asser, Sociology for Caribbean Students, Dingston, &an *andle =ublishers, /001

/. *ampersad *amsawak and *alph *. 9rman, Modules in Social Studies, 5rd "dition, Caribbean

"ducational =ublishers /0071

5. CAPE Syllabus and Past paper booklet /0058 /00?

•

•

• S+$tai!a'e T#+ri$% Dee'#)%e!t i! the

Cariea!

• Barris, Ariffin, @illiams /00/ p.701 describes sustainabilit# as 2finding the right balance

between the need for development and the need for environmental protection.3 Ball, 'ew 7EE-

p.7/51 alleges 2Sustainabilit# is the over development of destinations, with the eventual decline of

the conditions that first attracted travelers.3 The# continue to state that 2the past holds the ke# to

the future3. Ball, 'ew 7EE- p.5:1

• Ford8@arner 7EEE httpHHwww.onecaribbean.com 1 explains tourism is the largest industr#

in the world. The Caribbean accounts for approximatel# 5I of world tourism arrivals. Twent#8five

percent of its population are emplo#ed in the industr#. )a#awardena /00/1 Claims, The

http://www.onecaribbean.com/http://www.onecaribbean.com/


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CaribbeanJs Aross 4omestic product A4=1 is approximatel# /?I, therefore the Caribbean is

inevitabl#, vastl# dependent on tourism as an income. The Caribbean Tourism !rganisation CT!1

has been set up to monitor tourism development within the 5: Caribbean islands and protects their

natural environment. Ford8@arner 7EEE1 states the CT! main ob+ective is 2to provide its

members the service and information necessar#, for the development of sustainable tourism for the

economic and social benefits of Caribbean people.3 httpHHwww.onecaribbean.com1 The mainfocus of this stud# will be to examine )amaica and its rationale for tourism development.

• efore the concept of sustainabilit# was discovered the Caribbean


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little as possible.3 Be continues to exemplif# 2our compan# makes strides ever#da# to make our

resorts environmentall# friendl#.3 httpHHwww.sandals.com1 Sandal ;egril each *esort and Spar

in )amaica, has won the converted /005 Areen Botel of the (ear award. This particular hotel will

be used to examine how the# have achieved the issues raised, at the @B%TT1 meeting.

• The first ke# issue raised at the @B%TT1 meeting was the predicament concerning GThe

"xclusive nature of Tourism


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staff, of whom are locals to participate in the promotion of a green environment. Sandals maintain

its staff is 2important to the success of the program3 httpHHwww.hotelnewsresource.comHnews1

• &t comprehensivel# trains its workforce and awards an# members who make suggestions

for a more eco8friendl# environment. This entices staff to contribute and generates fresh ideas.

2"ver# member of staff must undergo periodic training on the hotels official "nvironmental =olic#

and best practices, recognising the efforts of the departments that meet or exceed its annual

environmental management s#stem targets3 httpHHwww.hotelnewsresource.comHnews1 Sandals

also proactivel# tries to involve and educate guests. &t visibl# displa#s information in guest


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• 2The Areen Alobe Certificate was established b# the @orld Travel and Tourism council

@TTC1 with the aim of implementing the %genda /7 principals3 Barris et al /00/, p.?E1

This certificate proves Sandals is adhering and striving to achieve the principals of %genda /7 and

the issues raised at the /005 @B%TT1 roundtable discussion.

• *"F"* T! %==";4& !;"1 for a sample framework for implementing sustainable

tourism. The model shows the sequence of stages that are recommended as a procedure in a

destination. %s such, it is not alwa#s possible to follow this framework in the correct order.

%nother problem with the framework is destinations have conflicting views

Documents

Caribbean Studies- Past Papers (1)