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© Center for the Collaborative Classroom Visit ccclearninghub.org.Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 Explore the new digital resources!
5GRADE
Teacher’s Manual
Caring School Community®
SECOND EDITION
G R A D E 5 T E A C H E R ’ S P A C K A G E S A M P L E
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
“X” indicates a week in which a named social skill is explicitly or implicitly emphasized. Many social skills are
practiced as ancillary skills in unmarked weeks as well.
APPENDIX A
Social Skills
246 Caring School Community® • Teacher‘s Manual, Grade 5
Grade 5
Beginning the YearWeeks 1–10
School LifeTopic Weeks
Social Skills 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Prep
arin
g fo
r
Asse
mbl
ies
Prep
arin
g fo
r a
Fiel
d Tr
ip
Prep
arin
g fo
r a
Su
bsti
tute
Te
ache
r
Prep
arin
g fo
r Te
sts
Retu
rnin
g fr
om
Vaca
tion
Wel
com
ing
New
Stu
dent
s
Begi
nnin
g-of
-Yea
r Sk
ills
Learn and follow classroom and school rules and procedures. X X
Look at one another and greet one another by name. X
Generate norms for the classroom community. XLearn cooperative structures (“Turn to Your Partner”; “Think, Pair, Share”; “Heads Together”) and discussion prompts.
X X X X
Speak clearly and listen to one another. X X
Communicate responsibly between home and school. X
Self
-man
agem
ent
Skill
s
Take responsibility for learning and behavior. X X X X X X X X X X
Recognize emotions and express them appropriately. X X X X X
Cultivate positive emotions. X X X X
Consider the effects of behavior and decisions on others. X X X X X
Explain thinking clearly. X X X X X X X X X X
Handle materials responsibly. X X X
Ask for and offer help. X X X X
Inte
rper
sona
l Ski
lls
Listen to and share a partner’s thinking with the class. X X X X
Seek to understand others’ feelings and perspectives. X X X X X
Agree and disagree in a respectful way. X X
Speak and act in respectful, caring, friendly, and helpful ways. X X X X X X X X
Include one another. X X X
Contribute to group work. X X
Express interest in and appreciation for others. X X X X X
Ask and answer questions. X X X
Reach agreement. X X X
Share work and materials fairly. X X X X X X
Solve problems that arise in working and playing together. X
Consider how to make amends after causing harm.
Grade 5 Social Skills
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
(continues)
Appendix A • Social Skills 247
Character Building
Topic Weeks
Social IssuesTopic Weeks
Closing Week
Cour
age
Frie
ndsh
ip
Gra
titu
de
Pers
ever
ance
Kind
ness
Bully
ing
Excl
usio
n
Mis
beha
vior
O
utsi
de C
lass
Mis
hand
ling
Be
long
ings
Unk
ind
Spee
ch
Reso
lvin
g Co
nflic
ts
Teas
ing
Refle
ctin
g on
th
e Cl
assr
oom
Co
mm
unit
y
Social Skills
Learn and follow classroom and school rules and procedures.
Begi
nnin
g-of
-Yea
r Sk
ills
Look at one another and greet one another by name.
Generate norms for the classroom community.Learn cooperative structures (“Turn to Your Partner”; “Think, Pair, Share”; “Heads Together”) and discussion prompts.
Speak clearly and listen to one another.
Communicate responsibly between home and school.
X X X X X X X X X X Take responsibility for learning and behavior.
Self
-man
agem
ent
Skill
sX X X X Recognize emotions and express them appropriately.
X X X X X Cultivate positive emotions.
X X X X X X X X X Consider the effects of behavior and decisions on others.
X X X Explain thinking clearly.
X Handle materials responsibly.
X X X X X Ask for and offer help.
X X X X Listen to and share a partner’s thinking with the class.
Inte
rper
sona
l Ski
llsX X X X X X X Seek to understand others’ feelings and
perspectives.
X X X X Agree and disagree in a respectful way.
X X X X X Speak and act in respectful, caring, friendly, and helpful ways.
X Include one another.
X X Contribute to group work.
X X X Express interest in and appreciation for others.
X X X Ask and answer questions.
X X X Reach agreement.
X X X Share work and materials fairly.
X X X X X X X X Solve problems that arise in working and playing together.
X X X X X Consider how to make amends after causing harm.
Grade 5 Social Skills
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
248 Caring School Community® • Teacher‘s Manual, Grade 5
Beginning the YearWeeks 1–10
School LifeTopic Weeks
Social Skills 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Prep
arin
g fo
r
Asse
mbl
ies
Prep
arin
g fo
r a
Fiel
d Tr
ip
Prep
arin
g fo
r a
Su
bsti
tute
Te
ache
r
Prep
arin
g fo
r Te
sts
Retu
rnin
g fr
om
Vaca
tion
Wel
com
ing
New
Stu
dent
s
Exec
utiv
e Fu
ncti
on S
kills
Remember details. X X
Express creativity and divergent thinking. X X X X
Reflect on thinking, learning, and behavior. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Monitor attention and refocus when necessary. X
Set and work toward goals. X
Persevere through challenges. X
“X” indicates a week in which a named social skill is explicitly or implicitly emphasized. Many social skills are
practiced as ancillary skills in unmarked weeks as well.
APPENDIX A
Social Skills (continued)
Grade 5 Social Skills
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
Appendix A • Social Skills 249
Character Building
Topic Weeks
Social IssuesTopic Weeks
Closing Week
Cour
age
Frie
ndsh
ip
Gra
titu
de
Pers
ever
ance
Kind
ness
Bully
ing
Excl
usio
n
Mis
beha
vior
O
utsi
de C
lass
Mis
hand
ling
Be
long
ings
Unk
ind
Spee
ch
Reso
lvin
g Co
nflic
ts
Teas
ing
Refle
ctin
g on
th
e Cl
assr
oom
Co
mm
unit
y
Social Skills
X X X Remember details.
Exec
utiv
e Fu
ncti
on S
kills
X X X Express creativity and divergent thinking.
X X X X X X X X X X X X X Reflect on thinking, learning, and behavior.
X X Monitor attention and refocus when necessary.
X X X Set and work toward goals.
X X X Persevere through challenges.
Grade 5 Social Skills
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
250 Caring School Community® • Teacher‘s Manual, Grade 5
Grade 2School Life Character Building Social IssuesPreparing for Assemblies Alike and Different Mean BehaviorsPreparing for Field Trips Friendship CheatingPreparing for a Substitute Teacher
Gratitude Exclusion
Returning from Vacation Happiness and Creativity Misbehavior Outside of ClassWelcoming New Students Kindness Mishandling Belongings
Unkind SpeechResolving ConflictsTeasing
Grade 3School Life Character Building Social IssuesPreparing for Assemblies Alike and Different BullyingPreparing for Field Trips Friendship CheatingPreparing for a Substitute Teacher
Gratitude Exclusion
Returning from Vacation Happiness and Creativity Misbehavior Outside of ClassWelcoming New Students Kindness Mishandling Belongings
Unkind SpeechResolving ConflictsTeasing
Grades 4–5School Life Character Building Social IssuesPreparing for Assemblies Courage BullyingPreparing for Field Trips Friendship ExclusionPreparing for a Substitute Teacher
Gratitude Misbehavior Outside of Class
Preparing for Tests Perseverance Mishandling BelongingsReturning from Vacation Kindness Unkind SpeechWelcoming New Students Resolving Conflicts
Teasing
APPENDIX B
Topic Weeks Across the Grades
Grades 2–5 Topic Weeks
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
GRADES 2–5 LESSONS OVERVIEWThe Caring School Community program includes 30 weeks of lessons. Each lesson consists of
Morning Circle, Closing Circle, and Class Meetings.
MORNING CIRCLEEach day begins with Morning Circle. The students enter the classroom, put their things away,
come to the rug, and sit in a circle to start the day.
The “Morning Circle” chart identifies the steps to be followed every morning.
1. Greeting
Morning Circle always begins with a greeting in which every student participates. The greeting
allows students to learn one another’s names, make eye contact with their classmates as they
greet one another, and start the day off on a positive note. In Week 6 and beyond, the greeting
for the week can be found in the “Things To Do This Week” section.
Morning Circle1. Greeting
2. Announcements
3. Morning activity
4. Today’s schedule
150 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 3
THINGS TO DO THIS WEEKINTEGRATE SOCIAL SKILLS THROUGHOUT THE DAYThis week the students learn to recognize, name, and talk about different emotions. They
learn that, while emotions arise spontaneously and are usually beyond their direct control,
how they express those emotions and behave in response to them is within their control,
and that it is their responsibility to express their emotions appropriately.
Look for opportunities to provide students with practice in recognizing and expressing
their emotions by encouraging them to name their feelings. (You might say, “You have an
excited expression on your face. What are you feeling?”)
THIS WEEK’S GREETING AND CLOSINGUse the following greeting and closing to begin and end each day:
Greeting of the Week: “Tea Party”Pairs of students walk slowly around the room. When you say “Tea party!” they stop, and each pair turns to face another pair nearby. Each student says “Good morning” to the students in the other pair (for example, “Good morning, [Alex]. Good morning, [ Jen]”). When you say “Walk!” pairs resume walking until you say “Tea party!” again. Repeat until each pair has greeted two or three other pairs.
Closing of the Week: “The More We Get Together”Have the students sing the following song with you. (If necessary, search online for the melody.)
The more we get together, together, together.
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
For your friends are my friends, and my friends are your friends.
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
Repeat the song, but replace the word get with other verbs, such as play, sing, and work.
CSC2e_3_book.indb 150 2/9/18 11:20 PM
Caring School Community®
SECOND EDITION
Grades 2–5 Lessons Overview
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
2. Announcements
The greeting is followed by brief announcements (no more than 3–4 minutes). Any new students
are introduced and absent students are named.
3. Morning activity
The morning activity varies by lesson. During morning activities, the students learn and practice
cooperative structures such as “Turn to Your Partner” and “Think, Pair, Share” as well as the social
skills for the week. Each day’s lesson provides detailed steps and guidance for leading the activity.
4. Today’s schedule
The day’s schedule is reviewed and the students are given an opportunity to ask any questions they
might have about the schedule.
WEDNESDAY • MORNING CIRCLE
92 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 3
3 Lead the Morning Activity
SPOTLIGHT STUDENT AND CLASS SHARING1 Teach the Students to Turn and Look at the Speaker. Explain that
it is very important to listen well to one another in the classroom
community, and that this morning, the students will practice
listening carefully by turning and looking at the person who is
speaking. When you call on someone to speak, the rest of the class
will turn and look at that person to listen. Ask:
Q What have we done so far this year that helps us have a safe and caring community? [Alfredo] has his hand up. Let’s turn and look at him and listen to what he says.
As the students share, follow up by asking:
Q How does doing what [Alfredo] shared help our community?
Students might say:“ We learned how to come to the circle quietly. That helps us because we don’t get rowdy coming to the circle.”
“ We learned each other’s names. That helped us get to know each other.”
“ We did ‘Inside-Outside Circle.’ That helped us find out things about our classmates.”
“ We learned the school rules. They help us because they keep us safe.”
As you call on students, continue to direct the class to turn and look
at the speaker. Scan the class and quietly signal distracted students to
turn and look at the speaker (for example, by pointing to the speaker).
If necessary, ask the speaker to wait until she has everyone’s attention
before speaking. If the students are unable to hear the speaker,
encourage them to politely ask the speaker to talk louder.
2 Introduce the Spotlight Student. Remind the students that during
Morning Circle on Wednesdays, the Spotlight Student will share and
be interviewed by the class. Introduce this week’s Spotlight Student
and ask her to read aloud the “In the Spotlight” information sheet
from the bulletin board and to share any other information she
wishes. Then ask the class:
Q What questions do you want to ask the Spotlight Student about what she shared? [Meiya] is going to speak now. Let’s all turn and look at her.
Give the Spotlight Student a chance to respond to classmates’ questions.
Facilitation TipHaving the students focus on turning and looking at the speaker reinforces that student talk is important and that they are talking to one another, not just to you. Encourage them to politely ask soft-spoken students to speak louder, as this shifts responsibility for listening onto the students themselves. This technique teaches the students to be responsible for their learning and participation in class discussions.
(continues)
CSC2e_3_book.indb 92 2/9/18 11:20 PM
WEDNESDAY • CLOSING CIRCLE
Week 3 • Taking Care of Our Classroom and Ourselves 93
3 Share as a Class. Review that on Wednesday mornings, other
students who wish to share about their lives can do so. Ask and
discuss:
Q What’s going on in your life that you want your classmates to know? [Zane] is going to speak. Let’s all turn and look at him.
Q What questions or comments do you have for [Zane] about what he shared?
4 Reflect. Ask and briefly discuss:
Q What did you learn about your classmates during today’s Morning Circle?
Q How did turning and looking at the person who was speaking help you during this discussion?
Q If you didn’t listen as well as you wanted to today, what will you do next time to help you listen responsibly?
(continued)
Teacher NoteThe main purpose of this time is sharing, not discussion. If a student raises a serious issue that should be discussed further, thank the student and move on for now, making a note to talk individually with that student later in the day.
Classroom Management NoteSpeak using an assertive, confident, and nonpunitive tone. When correcting students or discussing how they will change their behavior, use a calm, matter-of-fact voice and move forward quickly when the students comply.
4 Preview Today’s ScheduleRead the day’s schedule aloud; then have the students return to
their desks.
CLOSING CIRCLE(5 minutes)
PURPOSE
• Reflect on the day
• Connect as a community
1 Connect and ReflectReview the day’s schedule; then lead the closing of the week (see
Monday’s Closing Circle, Step 1).
2 AdjournDismiss the students for the day.
CSC2e_3_book.indb 93 2/9/18 11:20 PM
Grades 2–5 Lessons Overview
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
CLOSING CIRCLEEach day ends with Closing Circle. The students clean up their desk areas and gather in a circle on
the rug. During this time, the students review the day’s schedule, discuss the day, and participate in
a closing (see the closing of the week below).
Each week ends with a 15–20 minute period of Choice Time on Friday. During this time, the
students choose from a range of activities, such as reading, writing, drawing, or building with
blocks, and work on the chosen activities either alone or together. The teacher spends this time
observing the students and assessing how well they are applying the social skills they have learned.
An “Individual Student Assessment Record” sheet is provided to record the teacher’s observations.
CLASS MEETINGSBeginning in Week 3 and for all remaining weeks of the year, there is one class meeting per week.
During these whole-class discussions, students make decisions about their classroom, build
relationships, and talk about problems affecting their class. Class meetings are typically 30 minutes
long and can be scheduled anytime during the week unless a day is specified in the “Before the
Week” section.
150 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 3
THINGS TO DO THIS WEEKINTEGRATE SOCIAL SKILLS THROUGHOUT THE DAYThis week the students learn to recognize, name, and talk about different emotions. They
learn that, while emotions arise spontaneously and are usually beyond their direct control,
how they express those emotions and behave in response to them is within their control,
and that it is their responsibility to express their emotions appropriately.
Look for opportunities to provide students with practice in recognizing and expressing
their emotions by encouraging them to name their feelings. (You might say, “You have an
excited expression on your face. What are you feeling?”)
THIS WEEK’S GREETING AND CLOSINGUse the following greeting and closing to begin and end each day:
Greeting of the Week: “Tea Party”Pairs of students walk slowly around the room. When you say “Tea party!” they stop, and each pair turns to face another pair nearby. Each student says “Good morning” to the students in the other pair (for example, “Good morning, [Alex]. Good morning, [ Jen]”). When you say “Walk!” pairs resume walking until you say “Tea party!” again. Repeat until each pair has greeted two or three other pairs.
Closing of the Week: “The More We Get Together”Have the students sing the following song with you. (If necessary, search online for the melody.)
The more we get together, together, together.
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
For your friends are my friends, and my friends are your friends.
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
Repeat the song, but replace the word get with other verbs, such as play, sing, and work.
CSC2e_3_book.indb 150 2/9/18 11:20 PM
Grades 2–5 Lessons Overview
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
Grade 5
CHa
raC
Ter
BUIL
dIN
GPe
rsev
eran
ceTeacher’s Manual
Topic Week
PerseveranceUSe THIS WeeK WHeN you want to build the students’ capacity for perseverance. This week the students explore what perseverance means by hearing and discussing a true story about perseverance. They practice perseverance directly and reflect on the effects of persevering or not persevering.
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
Topic Week • Perseverance 1
PerseveranceOVERVIEW
MONdaY TUeSdaY WedNeSdaY THUrSdaY FrIdaY
Morning CircleTeach the greeting of the week/Partner chat
Morning CircleRead-aloud: Wilma Unlimited
Morning Circle“Spotlight Student” and class sharing
Morning CircleQuick-write: “A Time I Persevered”
Morning CircleHome Connection Activity
Closing CircleTeach the “What took perseverance today?” closing
Closing CircleWhat took perseverance today?
Closing CircleWhat took perseverance today?
Closing CircleWhat took perseverance today?
Choice TimeIndividual Student Assessment
Weekly Class Meeting: “Why Persevere?”
Social Development Focus • Students cultivate positive emotions.
• Students set and work toward goals.
• Students persevere through challenges.
• Students monitor attention and refocus when necessary.
• Students reflect on their own thinking and behavior.
Before the Week✓✓ Schedule the weekly class meeting on any day this week.
✓✓ Before Monday, decide on a method for randomly assigning new partners and then gather the materials you will need. (See Weeks 1–10 for pairing methods.)
✓✓ Before Monday, make a copy of the “What Takes Perseverance?” home connection activity sheet (BLM1) for each student.
✓✓ Before Tuesday, preview the read-aloud selection, Wilma Unlimited by Kathleen Krull, illustrated by David Diaz.
TOPIC WEEK
Online Resources. Visit the CCC Learning Hub (ccclearninghub.org) to find your online resources for this week.
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
2 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
THINGS TO DO THIS WEEKINTEGRATE SOCIAL SKILLS THROUGHOUT THE DAYLook for opportunities across the day to encourage the students to act with perseverance.
Point out when you see or hear about students demonstrating perseverance, as
highlighting this type of behavior helps to increase the students’ awareness and
understanding of perseverance. (You might say, “I see students sticking with this project
even though it’s getting difficult. That takes perseverance,” or “I saw you keep talking in
your groups until everyone in the group agreed on what to do. You persevered.”)
THIS WEEK’S GREETING AND CLOSINGUse the following greeting and closing to begin and end each day:
Greeting of the Week: “Compliments and Questions” or your choiceUse the “Compliments and Questions” greeting (see Week 9) or any greeting of your choice.
Closing of the Week: What Took Perseverance Today?This week, end the day by calling on several volunteers to share. Ask:
Q What is one thing you did that took perseverance today? What happened?
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
Topic Week • Perseverance 3
SEL ASSESSMENTClass Assessment. Observe the students and ask yourself:
•Do the students demonstrate stamina and perseverance in their academic work?
•Do they show perseverance when faced with social or emotional challenges?
•Do they express understanding of the value of perseverance and its rewards?
Record your observations on the “Class Assessment Record” sheet (CA20);
see page 21 of the Assessment Resource Book.
Individual Student Assessment. Assess individual students’ social skills as you
observe them during Choice Time on Friday. Record your observations on
the “Individual Student Assessment Record” sheet (IA3); see page 40–42 of the
Assessment Resource Book.
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
4 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
MORNING ACTIVITYPURPOSE
• Meet and get to know this week’s partner
• Explain thinking clearly
• Ask and answer questions
• Set goals to practice perseverance
PARTNER CHAT1 Assign New Partners. Have partners from last week thank each
other, and then assign new partners for the week using the pairing
method you chose.
2 Think Quietly About Perseverance. Ask the students to close their
eyes and think quietly to themselves as they listen to the following
questions. Ask the questions one at a time, pausing after each
question to allow for students to quietly think:
Q When is a time you did something really hard?
Q What was hard about it?
Q What feelings did you have as you tried to do this hard thing?3 Ask and Answer Questions in Pairs. Have the students open their
eyes. Briefly explain that perseverance means “the ability to keep
doing something even when it gets hard to do.” Ask:
Q How did you persevere in the situation you imagined? Turn to your partner.
Briefly brainstorm as a class:
Q What questions could we ask our partners about what they said?
Students might say:“�We�could�ask,�‘How�did�you�feel�in�that�situation?’ ”
“�We�could�ask,�‘Was�it�hard?�Why�was�it�hard?’ ”
“�We�could�ask,�‘What�happened�after�you�persevered?’ ”
Have partners spend a few minutes asking each other questions
and answering each other’s questions.
Morning Circle1. Greeting
2. Announcements
3. Morning activity
4. Today’s schedule
(continues)
MATERIALS • Materials for assigning
partners, prepared ahead • Copy of the “What Takes
Perseverance?” home
connection activity
sheet (BLM1) for each student
(see Teacher Note in Step 4)
MONDAY
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
MONDAY • MOrNING aCTIvITY
Topic Week • Perseverance 5
4 Reflect. In pairs and as a class, discuss:
Q What question did your partner ask you today? What did you say?
Q What is one thing you might do today that could take perseverance? [pause] Turn to your partner.
Explain that the students will practice and discuss perseverance
this week. Encourage them to each set a goal to persevere at
something today, and tell them that you will check in with them at
the end of the day.
(continued)
Teacher NoteDistribute a copy of the “What Takes Perseverance?” home connection activity sheet to each student�before�the�end�of�the day.
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
6 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
MORNING ACTIVITYPURPOSE
• Hear a true story about perseverance
• Set and work toward goals
• Agree and disagree in caring ways
READ-ALOUD: WILMA UNLIMITED1 Read the Book Aloud. Invite the students to enjoy listening to a
true story. Show the cover of Wilma Unlimited and read the title, the
subtitle, and the author’s and illustrator’s names aloud.
Read the first page of the story (page 4) aloud, slowly and clearly,
showing the illustration. Clarify vocabulary as you read by
reading the word, briefly defining it, rereading the line, and then
continuing on.
Then tell the students you will reread this page and ask them to
listen for any information they might have missed the first time.
Reread page 4, and then continue reading. Stop after reading the
following sentence:
p. 12 “ Finally, tired of crying all the time, she decided she had to fight back—somehow.”
Ask:
Q What do we know about Wilma? Turn to your partner.
Signal for attention. Without discussing the question as a class,
reread the last sentence you read and then continue reading. Repeat
the same procedure at the following stopping points:
p. 16 “ It would be just the place to try the bravest thing she had ever done.”
p. 26 “ But at the game that day was a college coach.”
p. 30 “ An Olympic gold medal was hers to take home.”
p. 36 “ Wilma and her team were suddenly in third place.”
Continue reading to the end of the story.
Teacher NoteYou might define the following vocabulary words as you read:
home remedies: medicines made from common things people have at home (p. 4)crippled: unable to walk (p. 8)brace: something that holds something else up (p. 14)athletic scholarship: money colleges give to promising athletes so they can attend (p. 26)relay race: race in which each member of a team runs part of the distance (p. 32)
(continues)
MATERIALS • Wilma Unlimited
“ ‘Most�babies�didn’t�have a mother who knew home remedies’—home remedies are ‘medicines made from common things people have at home’—‘Most babies didn’t have a mother who knew home remedies and a father who worked several�jobs.’ ”
TUESDAY
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
Caring School Community® Sample, Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom collaborativeclassroom.org
TUeSDAY • MOrNING aCTIvITY
Topic Week • Perseverance 7
2 Discuss the Story. Discuss the questions that follow. Be ready to
reread lines from the story to help the students recall what they
heard. Ask:
Q How would you describe Wilma? What in this story tells you that?
Q How does Wilma show perseverance in this story?
Students might say:“ I think Wilma is brave. The book said she tried the bravest thing she’d ever done by walking without her brace in the church.”
“ I agree with [Kevin]. It said that her knees were trembling violently.”
“ In addition to what [emmeline] said, Wilma showed perseverance because she ran her best even though she twisted her ankle and was scared and in pain.”
Reread page 16; then ask:
Q What do you think perseverance in this situation felt like for her, and why? Turn to your partner.
3 Reflect. Ask and briefly discuss:
Q When have you felt a feeling that Wilma describes in this book?
Q When do you think it’s important to persevere in life, and why?
Once again, encourage the students to each set a goal to persevere
at something today, and tell them that you will check in with them
at the end of the day.
(continued)
Teacher NoteRemind the students to use the discussion prompts they have learned. They are as follows:
• “I agree with �because . . .” • “I disagree with �because . . .” • “In addition to what �said, I think . . .”
Facilitation Tipask facilitative questions to extend and probe students’ thinking and to increase participation during discussions. examples include the following:
Q What do you think about what [Owen] just said?
Q What idea do you have that is different from [Audrey’s] idea?
Q Do you agree or disagree with what [Alejandro] just said? Turn to your partner.
Q What question can you ask [Chan] about what she said?
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8 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
MORNING ACTIVITYPURPOSE
• Get to know this week’s Spotlight Student
• Share with the class, as desired
SPOTLIGHT STUDENT AND CLASS SHARING1 Interview the Spotlight Student. Have this week’s Spotlight Student
share and be interviewed by the class.
2 Share as a Class. Invite other students to share about their lives, and
encourage classmates to ask questions.
3 Reflect. Ask and briefly discuss:
Q What did you learn about a classmate today?
Q What did you do to show interest in your classmates?
Encourage the students to each set a goal to persevere at something
today, and tell them that you will check in with them at the end of
the day.
MATERIALS • The Spotlight Student’s “In the
Spotlight” information sheet,
posted
WEDNESDAY
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Topic Week • Perseverance 9
MORNING ACTIVITYPURPOSE
• Remember details
• Write about perseverance
• Ask and answer questions
• Monitor attention and refocus when necessary
QUICK-WRITE: “A TIME I PERSEVERED”1 Review the Book. Remind the students that they heard and
discussed the story Wilma Unlimited on Tuesday. Explain that
you will reread several sentences from the story. After you read
each sentence, partners will talk about what they remember from
that part of the story. Read each of the following sentences aloud,
followed by “Turn to your partner” and a moment for partners to
share their thinking:
p. 8 “ There was no cure.”
p. 20 “ Whispers rippled throughout the gathering: Wilma Rudolph was walking.”
p. 32 “ The crowd went wild.”
p. 36 “ ever since the day she had walked down the aisle at church, Wilma had known the power of concentration.”
If the students are interested, read the “Author’s Note” on page 40
aloud.
2 Do a Quick-write. Ask the students to close their eyes and think as
they listen to the following questions. Ask the questions one at a
time, pausing after each question to give the students time to think
quietly:
Q Imagine that you’re trying to accomplish something at school that’s really hard for you. [pause] What makes this task hard for you? [pause] What might it feel like to persevere with this task? [pause] What could happen if you persevere? [pause] What could happen if you don’t persevere? [pause] Turn to your partner.
(continues)
MATERIALS • Wilma Unlimited from Tuesday • Clipboard with paper and a
pencil for each student
THURSDAY
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THURSDAY • MOrNING aCTIvITY
10 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
After allowing a few moments for partners to talk, signal for
attention. Without discussing the questions as a class, distribute
a clipboard with paper and a pencil to each student. Have the
students do a 10-minute quick-write about the situation they
imagined, and encourage them to keep their pencils moving the
entire time.
3 Share in Pairs and Ask Questions. Have partners share their writing
with each other. Then ask:
Q What questions could you ask your partner about his or her writing?
Have partners take turns asking and answering questions about
their writing.
4 Reflect. Ask and briefly discuss:
Q What question did your partner ask you about your writing? How did you answer?
Encourage the students to each set a goal to persevere at something
today, and tell them that you will check in with them at the end of
the day. Collect the materials.
(continued)
Teacher NoteNote that this quick-write is a bit longer than usual (10 minutes rather than 5). The longer period will encourage the students to practice persevering, monitoring their attention, and refocusing when necessary. Consider joining the students in quiet writing to discourage them from seeking your attention.
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
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Topic Week • Perseverance 11
MORNING ACTIVITYPURPOSE
• Reflect on the Home Connection Activity
• Express interest in and appreciation for others
SHARE HOME CONNECTION ACTIVITIES1 Share the Home Connection Activity. Have the students silently
reread their completed “What Takes Perseverance?” home
connection activity sheets and then share what they wrote in pairs.
After ample time, signal for attention.
2 Reflect. Discuss:
Q What did you and your partner talk about?
Q What is one thing you appreciated about your partner this week? Turn and tell your partner.
Encourage the students to each set a goal to persevere at something
today.
MATERIALS • The students’ completed “What
Takes Perseverance?” home
connection activity sheets
FRIDAY
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12 Caring School Community® • Teacher’s Manual, Grade 5
WHY PERSEVERE?PURPOSE
• Cultivate perseverance
• Discuss the effects of persevering or not persevering
• Agree and disagree respectfully
• Reflect on thinking and behavior
ABOUT THIS CLASS MEETINGDevote the majority of time in this class meeting to Steps 2 and 3. Move
quickly through the other steps.
1 Briefly Review the Previous Class Meeting TopicHave the students bring their chairs to the circle, and quickly pair
adjacent students. Briefly review the “Class Meeting Rules” chart.
Review the topic of the previous class meeting, any decisions
made as a class, and how the students are doing with carrying out
their decisions. Remind them that you expect them to act on their
decisions, and tell them that you will check in with them again.
2 Introduce Today’s Class Meeting TopicRemind the students that this week they have been focusing on
perseverance, or the ability to keep doing something even when
it gets hard to do. Explain that people get better at persevering by
practicing over time. In pairs and as a class, discuss:
Q If 1 represents the lowest amount of perseverance a person can have, and 10 represents the highest, what level of perseverance do you think you have now, and why? [pause] Turn to your partner.
Q Why is it important to your life to build perseverance?
MATERIALS • “Class Meeting Rules” chart • Any recorded decisions from
the previous week’s class
meeting
Teacher NoteReread the “After the Meeting” section of the previous class meeting for ways to continue to support and hold students accountable for acting on their decisions.
WEEKLY CLASS MEETING
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WeeKLY CLASS MeeTING • WHY PerSevere?
Topic Week • Perseverance 13
3 Discuss Ways to Practice PerseveranceHelp the students think about ways they and others might be able to
practice perseverance in school. Ask:
Q What are some school situations in which you might be able to practice perseverance? [pause] Turn to your partner.
Discuss as a class:
Q What did you and your partner talk about?
Q In the situation that [Santiago and Kathy] described, what could happen if you persevered? What could happen if you didn’t persevere?
Q What helps you persevere when you want to quit something?
Q How can we help one another persevere?
Students might say:“ We could practice perseverance when we’re learning something hard.”
“ I agree with [Ruben]. Sometimes I have to persevere to memorize all my math facts.”
“ In addition to what [Wendy] said, it takes perseverance to keep writing silently without stopping for the whole writing time.”
“ We can help one another persevere by offering to help each other�and�by�saying,�‘You�can�do�it.’ ”
4 Summarize and AdjournAsk and briefly discuss:
Q How did you show respect for each other when you disagreed with others’ ideas?
Briefly summarize some of the things you heard the students say
during the meeting. Encourage the students to continue to look for
opportunities to persevere as they go through the day. Adjourn the
meeting.
AFTER THE MEETINGPeriodically ask the students to reflect on and share about situations
in which they persevered (or wished they did). Encourage the students
to talk about what happened as a result of their actions, and ask them
how they hope to act next time.
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BLM1 Caring School Community® • Perseverance © Center for the Collaborative Classroom
Home Connection Activity
What Takes Perseverance?Dear Home Partner,
This week our class is discussing the value of perseverance and situations that require perseverance in order to succeed or meet a goal. Students practice perseverance and explore ways they persevere in their academic work, relationships, and personal pursuits, both in school and at home.
Notice situations at home in which your child demonstrates perseverance and point these out�to him�or�her.�(You�might�say,�“I�noticed�that�you�finished�cleaning�your�whole�room,�even�though you wanted to quit. That took perseverance.”) Use the Conversation Starters to talk with your child about perseverance, and then help your child complete this activity sheet and return it to class by Friday.
Conversation Starters • When is a time you persevered, or saw someone else persevering?
• Why is it important to be able to persevere when things get tough?
• I remember persevering when . . .
directions to the student: Write about a time when you persevered, and explain what happened. (Use a separate sheet of paper, if necessary.)
Comments:Please write any comments here (either student or home partner), sign and date below, and return to class by Friday.
___________________________________ � ____________________________________ � ________________Student�signature Home�partner�signature � �Date
Date:
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© Center for the Collaborative Classroom Caring School Community® • Perseverance BLM1
estimado compañero de casa:
esta semana nuestra clase está hablando acerca del valor de la persistencia y de las situaciones que requieren persistencia para tener éxito o llegar a una meta. Los estudiantes practican la persistencia y exploran las maneras en que persisten en su trabajo académico, sus amistades y sus actividades personales, tantos en la escuela como en la casa.
Note situaciones en casa cuando su hijo demuestre persistencia y señálelas a su hijo. (Puede decir, por ejemplo, “He notado que terminaste de limpiar tu cuarto entero aunque querías dejar de hacerlo. eso requería persistencia”.) Use los Temas de conversación para hablar con su hijo acerca de la persistencia y luego ayúdele a completar esta hoja y devolverla a la clase a más tardar el viernes.
Temas de conversación • ¿Cuando fue un momento en que persististe o viste a otra persona persistiendo?
• ¿Por qué es importante poder persistir cuando las cosas son difíciles?
• Me acuerdo haber persistido cuando . . .
Instrucciones para el estudiante: escribe acerca de un momento en que persististe y explica lo que pasó. (Usa una hoja de papel aparte, de ser necesario.)
Comentarios:escriba cualquier comentario que tenga aquí (estudiante o compañero de casa), ponga su firma y la fecha abajo y devuelva esta hoja a la clase a más tardar el viernes.
___________________________________ � ____________________________________ � ________________Firma�del�estudiante � Firma�del�compañero�de�casa �� �Fecha
¿Qué requiere la persistencia? Fecha:
Actividad de conexión con el hogar
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© Center for the Collaborative Classroom Grade 5 • Caring School Community® 21
Observe the students and ask yourself: All or most students
About half of the students
Only a few students
Do the students demonstrate stamina and perseverance in their academic work?
Do they show perseverance when faced with social or emotional challenges?
Do they express understanding of the value of perseverance and its rewards?
Other observations:
Date:
Topic Week Class Assessment Record • CA20Perseverance
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40 Caring School Community® • Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom
STU
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AM
ES
Social skills
Recognizes emotions and expresses them appropriately
Cultivates and expresses positive emotions
Considers the effects of behavior and decisions on others
Speaks and acts in respectful, caring, friendly, or helpful ways
Expresses interest in and appreciation for others
Asks and answers questions
Expresses creativity and divergent thinking
Reflects on thinking, learning, and behavior
Sets and works toward goals
Perseveres through challenges
Topic Week title:
The social skills listed below are emphasized during the Character Building topic weeks. Choose three or four skills and observe your students to see if they exhibit these skills this week. (You might want to highlight these rows on the chart.) Use the following rubric to record your observations for each student:
0 = does not exhibit skill
1 = exhibits skill with support
2 = exhibits skill independently
Date:
Topic Weeks: Character Building Individual Student Assessment Record • IA31 of 3
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AM
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© Center for the Collaborative Classroom Grade 5 • Caring School Community® 41
Social skills
Recognizes emotions and expresses them appropriately
Cultivates and expresses positive emotions
Considers the effects of behavior and decisions on others
Speaks and acts in respectful, caring, friendly, or helpful ways
Expresses interest in and appreciation for others
Asks and answers questions
Expresses creativity and divergent thinking
Reflects on thinking, learning, and behavior
Sets and works toward goals
Perseveres through challenges
Topic Week title:
Topic Weeks: Character Building Individual Student Assessment Record • IA32 of 3
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42 Caring School Community® • Grade 5 © Center for the Collaborative Classroom
STU
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AM
ES
Social skills
Recognizes emotions and expresses them appropriately
Cultivates and expresses positive emotions
Considers the effects of behavior and decisions on others
Speaks and acts in respectful, caring, friendly, or helpful ways
Expresses interest in and appreciation for others
Asks and answers questions
Expresses creativity and divergent thinking
Reflects on thinking, learning, and behavior
Sets and works toward goals
Perseveres through challenges
Topic Week title:
Topic Weeks: Character Building Individual Student Assessment Record • IA33 of 3
Grade 5 Sample Lesson
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Part 4: Buddies Activities 139
ACTIVITY SUMMARYBuddies taste three different varieties of apples.
Partners discuss how each apple tastes and
rate the tastiness on a record sheet. After the
tasting, the teacher charts the buddies’ ratings,
and the group discusses the chart. To prepare
for the tasting, older buddies find answers to the
younger buddies’ questions about apples.
Content Area: Science, Health, and Nutrition; Math
Academic and Social Focuses: • Identify healthful foods
• Compare and contrast
• Research and report information
• Share opinions
• Respect others’ opinions
MATERIALSBuddy Teacher Preparation
• Chart paper and markers in three different colors
Younger Buddy Student Preparation • Chart paper and a marker
Older Buddy Student Preparation • Charted younger buddies’ questions
• Access to information about apples (for example, encyclopedias, books, or approved websites)
Buddies Activity • Copy of list of research questions and answers about apples, prepared ahead by teacher for each older buddy
• A slice of each of three apple varieties for each student and a few whole apples of each variety
• Paper plates and napkins for each student
• Copy of “Apple Tasting” record sheet (BLM12) for each buddy pair
• “Apple Tasting Results” chart, prepared ahead, and markers in three different colors
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140 Caring School Community® • Cross-age Buddies Activity Book
BUDDY TEACHER PREPARATIONNote: The younger buddy class needs to prepare first for this activity by generating a list of
questions about apples.
• Choose three apple varieties for the tasting. Try to include both sweet and tart apples (see Ideas for Apple Varieties on page 143).
• Make a copy of the “Apple Tasting” record sheet (BLM12) for each buddy pair.
• Prepare the “Apple Tasting Results” chart (see diagram on the previous page). Use a different color marker for each variety of apple.
• Prepare the apples for the tasting:
• Wash the apples in cool water and refrigerate them until the day of the activity.
• On the day of the activity, let the apples come to room temperature.
• To prevent browning, do not peel the apples. Slice the apples just prior to serving them to the students.
BUDDY STUDENT PREPARATIONOlder BuddiesIntroduce the Activity
• Explain that buddy partners will get together to eat and talk about apples. The partners will taste three different varieties of apples and discuss how each apple tastes. Each partner will rate the taste of the apples on a record sheet. After the tasting, the students will find out which apple the group rated as the tastiest.
Research the Younger Buddies’ Questions
• Explain that the younger buddies have some questions about apples. To help the younger buddies learn more about apples, the older buddies will find answers to the questions and share the answers with their younger buddies before the apple tasting.
• Post the charted younger buddies’ questions where everyone can see them. Read the questions and have each student select a question to research. Students
who select the same question can work in pairs or groups to find the answer to the question.
• Have the students do their research using the resources available to them (encyclopedias, books, websites, etc.).
• After the students complete their research, have them share the answers they found with the class. Record each answer under the appropriate question on the chart. Prior to the Buddy activity, provide each older buddy with a copy of the questions and answers to share with his younger buddy.
Discuss Respecting Others’ Opinions • Explain that during this activity the students will need to respect the opinions of their younger buddies. Discuss:
Q Yourbuddy’sopinionabouthowanappletastesmaybedifferentfromyours.Howcan you show that you respect your buddy’s opinion? Why is that important?
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APPLe TASTIng
Part 4: Buddies Activities 141
Younger BuddiesIntroduce the Activity
• Explain that buddy partners will get together to eat and talk about apples. The partners will taste three different varieties of apples and discuss how each apple tastes. Each partner will rate the taste of the apples on a record sheet. After the tasting, the students will find out which apple the group rated as the tastiest.
Generate Questions About Apples • Explain that before the tasting, the older buddies are going to teach the younger buddies something about apples. Ask the students what they want to learn about apples. First in pairs, and then as a group, discuss:
Q What do you already know about apples?
Q What would you like to know about apples? • After partners have talked, have a few volunteers share their thinking with the class.
• On chart paper, record in question form what the students would like to know about apples.
TIP: If the students have trouble generating questions, stimulate their thinking with questions such as “How many kinds of apples are there?” “Are apples easy to grow?” “Do apple trees grow everywhere?” “How big is an apple tree?” and “Why is eating apples good for you?”
• Explain that you will give their questions about apples to the older buddies’ class. The older buddies will find answers to the questions and share the answers with them at the apple tasting.
Discuss Sharing Their Opinions • Explain that during this activity the students will need to share their opinions with their older buddies. Discuss:
Q Youropinionabouthowanappletastesmaybedifferentfromyourbuddy’sopinion.WhyisitOKtohaveadifferentopinion?
BUDDIES ACTIVITYGet Ready to Work Together
• Post the “Apple Tasting Results” chart where everyone can see it. Have the students gather with buddy partners sitting together.
• Review that the students will have an apple tasting. First, older buddies will answer the younger buddies’ questions about apples. Then the students will taste three different varieties of apples. After each tasting, partners will discuss how the apple tastes. Each student will rate the taste on a record sheet.
Learn About Apples • Have the older buddies share the answers to the questions with their younger buddies. Afterward, have a few younger buddies share with the group what they learned from their older buddies.
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142 Caring School Community® • Cross-age Buddies Activity Book
Conduct the Apple Tasting • Distribute an “Apple Tasting” record sheet to each pair. Have partners write their names on the sheet. Read the directions on the sheet aloud, pointing out where the students write the variety of each apple and where they use a check mark to indicate how they think the apple tastes.
• Explain that in the Comments box they will tell why they rated the apple as they did. For example, one partner may rate an apple as “Very Tasty!” because she thinks it is sweet, juicy, and crisp. The other partner may rate the apple as “Not Tasty” because he thinks it tastes sour and is not juicy enough.
• Pass around whole apples of the first variety for the students to touch and examine. Write the variety where everyone can see it, and have each older buddy write the variety on the appropriate line on the record sheet. Have the group discuss what they notice about the size, shape, and color of the apple.
• Serve each student a slice of the first apple variety on a paper plate. Remind partners to discuss their opinions of the taste and explain their ratings in the Comments box. Repeat these steps for the other two apple varieties.
Circulate as Buddies Work • Walk around the room and observe the buddies. If necessary, ask questions like these to support buddy partners as they work:
Q Whydidyouratetheappleas[JustOK]?Howwouldyoudescribethetaste?Juiciness?Crispness?
Q Whatcanyousaytoshowyourespectyourbuddy’sopinion,evenifit’sdifferentfromyourown?
Chart and Discuss the Apple Tasting Results • Have the students gather with buddy partners sitting together. Have a few buddies discuss how their partners rated the apples. Ask:
Q Didyouandyourpartnerdisagreeaboutthetasteofanapple?Tellusaboutit. • Direct the students’ attention to the “Apple Tasting Results” chart and explain that you will record the results of the apple tasting for the group on the chart. By a show of hands, have the students indicate how they rated each variety of apple, and record the totals on the chart.
• First in pairs, then as a group, discuss:
Q Howmanypeopleratedthe[GoldenDelicious]asverytasty?JustOK?Nottasty?
Q What can we learn about our whole group from looking at the chart?
Q Whydoyouthinkmorepeoplelikedthetasteofthe[Fuji]ratherthanthe[GrannySmith]?
Reflect as a Group • Facilitate a brief discussion by asking:
Q How did we do as a group today? What do you think we can do better next time? • Post the “Apple Tasting Results” chart where both classes can view it.
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APPLe TASTIng
Part 4: Buddies Activities 143
REFLECTING ON THE BUDDIES ACTIVITYOlder BuddiesDiscuss the Buddies Activity
• Back in the classroom, have the students reflect on how they worked with their younger buddies by discussing:
Q What went well during the activity? What couldyoudodifferentlythenexttimeyou work with your buddy? How would that help?
Q How did you show that you respected your buddy’s opinions about the apples?
Younger BuddiesDiscuss the Buddies Activity
• Back in the classroom, have the students reflect on how they worked with their older buddies by discussing:
Q How did you do with sharing your opinions with your buddy?
Q How did your buddy show respect for your opinions? How did that make you feel?
NOTESIdeas for Apple Varieties
• Sweet apple varieties include Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Fuji, Cortland, Gala, Braeburn, and Rome Beauty.
• Tart apple varieties include Granny Smith, Jonathan, McIntosh, York Imperial, Newtown Pippin, Stayman, and Pink Lady.
Extensions • Have food tastings with other varieties of seasonal fruits and vegetables. For example, you might have the students taste and rate oranges, tangelos, and tangerines, or various kinds of lettuce, such as crisphead (iceberg), butterhead, and romaine.
• After the apple tasting, read a picture book about apples aloud to the group. Have buddy partners talk about the book after the reading. You might choose one of the following picture books:
• Apple Farmer Annie by Monica Wellington
• Apple Picking Time by Michele B. Slawson
• How Do Apples Grow? by Betsy Maestro
• Johnny Appleseed by Steven Kellogg
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Introduction • Principles of Caring School Discipline v
The Caring School Community® program is a social and emotional
learning (SEL) and discipline program designed to help students
become caring, responsible members of their school communities
and, ultimately, grow into humane, principled, and skilled citizens
of a democratic society. From Day 1 of kindergarten through the last
day of grade 8, the lessons in the program’s Teacher’s Manuals help
teachers create warm, safe, and disciplined classroom environments
where students can develop the skills and dispositions they need to
learn to interact constructively with others.
The discipline approach in the Caring School Community program
functions first and foremost to ensure a safe and orderly learning
environment for students, but it is designed to do much more than
that. Its ultimate goal is to help students acquire self-discipline—that
is, the ability to regulate their emotions, understand and relate to the
feelings of others, and make responsible decisions about their own
behavior and act independently and skillfully upon them. This goal
applies to all students, regardless of socioeconomic status, ability
level, race, gender, or any other factors. The program uses a two-
pronged approach to accomplish its goal: the proactive, whole-class
SEL instruction found in the Teacher’s Manual, and the one-on-one
interventions found in this component, Caring School Discipline™,
which are designed to help you work with individual students who
need additional support.
Principles of Caring School DisciplineThe discipline approach in the Caring School Community program is
rooted in the following assumptions:
• All children want to feel safe, successful, accepted, and connected to
others, and all parents want their children to succeed.
• Behavior is learned. Children are capable of learning to adapt to
school norms even if they are different from norms outside of school.
Introduction
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vi Caring School Community® • Caring School Discipline™, Grades 2–5
Lapses in behavior are opportunities to learn rather than moral
failings that define a child’s character.
• Children who feel connected to their community are more inclined
to feel a sense of responsibility, both to themselves and others.
Empathy and consideration for others are essential to developing the
motivation to avoid misbehavior.
• Effective discipline relies on mutually respectful and caring
relationships. Children need to feel that their teachers and other
adults care about them.
• Developmentally appropriate, engaging curricula are essential.
Activity, talk, movement, and experimentation are all normal, healthy
behaviors for children and must be integrated into learning. Long
periods of passive listening are ineffective and can lead to discipline
problems.
• Good classroom management, including consistently high
expectations of behavior and explicit teaching of classroom
procedures and social skills, is critical to a disciplined classroom
environment. The classroom management skills described in the
Teacher’s Manual can be incorporated into any teacher’s daily
teaching practice.
The Roots of Problem Behaviors
There is no substitute for effective classroom management and
engaging curricula for mitigating problem behaviors in school.
However, even in well-managed classrooms, students may still act
out for myriad, complex reasons. Understanding some of the more
common reasons can help teachers respond more effectively.
Students might misbehave because they lack impulse control or
because they do not yet possess the skills or language needed
to be able to choose more appropriate behaviors. They may lack
awareness of what is and is not acceptable, or not understand how
school norms might be different from norms outside of school.
Students’ developmental levels can also play a role: young children
are naturally egocentric and may have difficulty considering the
needs of others, while older children can be unduly influenced by
peers whose approval they are strongly motivated to seek. Sometimes
students misbehave out of simple defiance, by testing boundaries
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Introduction • Principles of Caring School Discipline vii
and challenging authority. These, too, are all normal characteristics
of childhood and are certainly not uncommon among school-age
children. These potential sources of misbehavior inform the kinds of
interventions suggested for each behavior in this book.
Much human behavior is rooted in the innate drive to meet basic
psychological needs—to feel safe, to belong, to exercise autonomy, to
feel competent and capable of making sense of the world—and this is
especially true for children. They will engage in both functional and
dysfunctional behaviors to try to meet these needs, and learning the
difference between what is functional and what is dysfunctional is a
process that takes time, teaching, and opportunities to both fail and
succeed in a safe and nurturing environment. Children need to know
that adults will care for them in spite of their mistakes, and adults can
create this kind of safe environment when they establish clear and
consistent boundaries for behavior.
Children rely on the adults in their lives to provide unambiguous
direction about the boundaries that keep them physically and
emotionally safe. This is true for both very young children who
naturally orient toward adults and for older children who are more
focused on their peers. All children, regardless of their stage of
development, are powerfully motivated to seek the approval of their
parents or other primary caregivers, which makes these adults vital
allies in a school’s efforts to address students’ behavior issues. The
chapters in this book provide guidance on how to effectively involve
and partner with primary caregivers in supporting the students.
Discipline and Equity
While high expectations and firm boundaries are important aspects
of the Caring School Discipline approach, this program differentiates
itself from discipline approaches that rely on punishment and
heavy-handed control to maintain order, as well as those that make
heavy use of extrinsic incentives such as stickers, rewards, or special
privileges to motivate students. While such behavioristic approaches
may temporarily gain compliance from students, they fail to build
the intrinsic motivation that is absolutely necessary if students are
to learn to act responsibly on their own. Furthermore, excessive use
of punishments in American public schools, particularly overuse
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of suspension and expulsion, has led to grossly disproportionate
numbers of disadvantaged students—particularly poor African-
American and Latino boys—being pushed out of school prematurely
into lives of truancy, limited choices, and increased likelihood of
eventual incarceration (sometimes referred to as the “school-to-
prison pipeline”). Such “law and order” practices are damaging
and completely unnecessary to achieving a disciplined school
environment.
The Caring School Discipline approach works by taking a strongly
developmental, teaching-and-learning stance toward changing
behavior. Because the program draws on principles of restorative
justice, which emphasize taking responsibility for hurtful conduct
and repairing harm caused to others, students stay firmly integrated
in the community as they learn, grow, and change, rather than
becoming exiled from it due to mistakes. Within this context, students
come to understand the effects of their behavior on others, develop
a sense of responsibility to their community, learn constructive
alternatives to dysfunctional behavior, and build internal regulation
and control.
The Structure of Caring School DisciplineThe chapters in this book are organized alphabetically by behaviors
common for the given grade range. You can go directly to chapters
as you need them to deal with specific behavior problems, or you can
read the book from beginning to end to get a broader perspective on
the approaches taken across behaviors.
Three levels are provided for each behavior. We recommend
beginning with the lowest level of intervention and proceeding to the
next level only if the behavior persists. The interventions range from
quick, in-the-moment teacher responses to quell minor disruptions
to full, documented learning plans that can involve the principal,
primary caregivers, and other adults. Each level of intervention
provides increased support and accountability to the individual
student.
Be aware that, while most school misbehaviors are part of the normal
continuum of childhood behaviors and most students will respond
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Introduction • The Structure of Caring School Discipline ix
readily to the interventions in this book, you may occasionally have
students who exhibit behaviors that require resources beyond the
school to resolve. For example, aggression or defiance that persists
in spite of these interventions can be signs of deeper emotional or
psychological issues that require professional evaluation and support
to address effectively. The possible need to pursue such outside
resources is noted in the pertinent chapters.
Finally, keep in mind that the interventions in Caring School
Discipline are meant to be used in conjunction with, and not
separate from, the whole-class curriculum in the Teacher’s Manual.
Their effectiveness with individual students depends wholly on
the presence of a strong classroom and school community that
supports all of the students, every day, in an atmosphere of respect,
responsibility, and trust.
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During the elementary grades, friendships can be fluid, with students
forming relationships, disbanding them, and then forming new
relationships. While this behavior is typical for this age, the impulse
to exclude others in the process is also typical. At its extreme,
exclusion is a form of bullying (see chapter 2, “Bullying: Active”), but
even lesser instances of exclusion can hurt youngsters deeply and
can undermine the goals of a caring classroom community. The
stress of being someone’s “best friend” one day and then excluded
the next can interfere with a student’s ability to focus on learning and
engage in school.
The Teacher’s Manual lessons help you build a strong classroom
community that supports the development of empathy and
emphasizes kindness and tolerance: while students are free to
choose their closest friends, they learn that they must always act in a
friendly way toward everyone. The students are randomly paired in
the lessons and switch partners weekly, helping them gain valuable
practice in working with all different kinds of people and even finding
ways to get along with partners who may not be their favorite people.
They discuss exclusion directly as a class and talk about why they
want to avoid it. Even so, you may witness exclusion, or you may hear
a student complain about a friend who “won’t play with me anymore”
or about a student who does not let others join in a game. When you
do, it is important to intervene quickly to help the excluding student
change her behavior.
EXPECTED OUTCOME OF INTERVENTION: The student will recognize
that excluding others is unacceptable, build empathy, and develop
the skill and motivation to treat others more kindly and act more
inclusively. (For excluding behavior that has evolved into cliques
or more active bullying, refer to chapter 2, “Bullying: Active,” and
chapter 3, “Bullying: Passive (Bystanding).”)
CHAPTER 8
Exclusion
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Chapter 8 • Exclusion 61
Level I InterventionRespond to First Indications of Exclusion
GOAL: To interrupt excluding behavior and gather information about exclusion or potential exclusion
• Exclusion usually occurs out of the presence of adults and is not
always apparent. Be watchful and investigate any indication of
this behavior, whether you witness it directly or hear about it from
students.
• Talk separately to the students involved (the student suspected of
doing the excluding as well as the students who have been excluded)
to try to find out what has occurred. Be aware that the whole story
may not come out in these first conversations, as students may resist
taking responsibility or be unwilling to speak up.
• If you suspect exclusion but have no clear evidence, plan to observe
and monitor the interactions of these students in the coming days.
Also consider teaching the “Exclusion” Topic Week in the Teacher’s
Manual to your class.
• In some cases, the problem might not be exclusion so much as a
break in a friendship and hurt feelings. Allow the students involved
to talk about their feelings, and assure them that it is normal for
friendships to come and go, to feel sad when friendships end, and
to go on and make new friends. Also make sure that the students
understand that they are to treat one another kindly, whether they
continue to be close friends or not.
• If you do find clear evidence that a student is deliberately
excluding others, move on to the Level II Intervention: Student
Conference.
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Level II InterventionStudent Conference
GOALS: (1) To help a student who excludes others to understand that this behavior is unacceptable and that she must make amends and commit to refraining from excluding in the future, and (2) To restore a sense of belonging for a student who has been excluded
For most students, a serious conversation about their excluding
behavior will be sufficient to curb such behavior in the future. To
implement the Level II Intervention:
1. Meet with the students who are being excluded. Prior to meeting
with the student who excludes, meet with the student who is being
excluded to gather as much information as possible about what
has been happening. Try to learn the exact nature of the exclusion,
where and when it happens, and how long it has been occurring.
If the student’s own behavior might be provoking rejection by
peers (such as a tendency to cheat in games or to use offensive
language), make note of this to deal with at a later time using one
of the relevant chapters in this book. However, take care to avoid
“blaming the victim” for the way others are treating her; all students
deserve to be treated kindly, and no one deserves mistreatment.
Assure the excluded student that she is a valuable member of the
classroom community and that she belongs in school with her
classmates.
2. Understand possible causes. It is human nature to wish to
bond with certain people and not others and to form group
identifications. But when these tendencies are compounded by
meanness and a lack of empathy, exclusion results. Sometimes
students exclude to control, thinking, “Only the people I choose
can play in this game, no one else!” Sometimes jealousy or a
disproportionate need for social approval triggers exclusion. And
sometimes friendships simply run their course, resulting in pain
for the ones left behind. Sadness is a normal reaction to the end
of a friendship, and you can help students move through the
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Chapter 8 • Exclusion 63
feeling and regain a sense of optimism about making new friends.
Assure students that it is normal for friendships to change, but that
everyone is expected to be kind and to avoid being deliberately
hurtful toward others.
3. Conduct the Student Conference. Follow these steps.
Maintain a calm, matter-of-fact tone.
a. Explain that you are meeting with the student because
you have either observed or heard reports of the student
excluding others. Briefly describe the behaviors. (“We
work hard to create a safe and caring community for
everyone at our school, but I’ve noticed some things
recently that concern me. I’ve seen you [excluding people
from games during recess] and [not letting certain people
sit with your group at lunch]. I’ve heard that you [tell your
friends who can and can’t join your group]. This is not OK
and has to stop. [pause] What do you think about what I’m
saying?”)
b. Allow the student to respond. Listen carefully without
interrupting. (It is not necessary that the student
confesses. The conversation can continue whether the
student admits to excluding or not.)
c. Remind the student that excluding others or treating
them unkindly goes against the class norms and is not
acceptable. Ask:
• Q How might you feel if [someone said to you, “You can’t eat lunch with us—go sit somewhere else”]? Why do we want to avoid making anyone in our community feel that way?
• Q We’ve agreed to treat others the way we want to be treated, whether we’re close friends with them or not. How are you doing with that?
(continues)
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• Q If you knew that someone felt excluded because of something you did, what could you do to make it right with that person? Is there anyone you feel you owe that to right now?
• Q You are always free to choose your closest friends, but as a member of this class community, you must always act in a friendly way toward everyone. What does acting in a friendly way mean in the lunchroom? On the playground? In class?
• Q What are you going to do to make sure that you personally never make anyone feel excluded?
The student might say:
“I would feel sad if people told me I couldn’t sit with them.”
“Maybe I haven’t been treating everyone the way I would want to be treated.”
“If I knew I made someone feel excluded, I would apologize and try to include them.”
“Acting friendly in the lunchroom means letting anyone sit with you and being nice to them.”
“I’ll make sure I tell my friends that anyone who wants to can join us.”
If the student has difficulty responding to these questions,
suggest some possible responses like those above.
d. Point out that it is each student’s responsibility to treat
others according to the class norms, and tell the student
that you will hold her accountable for doing so. Explain
that you will check in with her in the coming days, and
express confidence in her ability to change. (“It is your
responsibility to treat others the way you want to be
treated, and I expect you to do so. I know that you are
capable of making the right choices from now on.”)
(continued)
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Chapter 8 • Exclusion 65
4. Follow up with the student. If the student has admitted to
deliberately excluding someone, accompany her as she apologizes
to the person she has excluded and commits to not repeating the
behavior. For several days, observe the student both in and out of the
classroom and check in with her frequently to see how she is doing
with including others. Also check in with the student who has been
excluded to see if the behavior has stopped.
Continue to monitor to ensure that exclusionary behavior has
stopped. If it continues or escalates, move on to the Level III
Intervention.
Level III InterventionIndividual Learning Plan
GOAL: To increase support and accountability to help a student develop empathy and avoid exclusion of others
If the student has not been successful in eliminating excluding
behaviors after the Level II Intervention, she likely requires a greater
level of accountability in order to develop the empathy and motivation
to change. Note that the initial Individual Learning Conference for
this behavior does not include the principal, primary caregivers, or
other adults, as this behavior can often be corrected without their
early involvement. However, if problems persist, you might ask the
student’s primary caregivers for support (see “Considerations for
Involving Other Adults” at the end of this chapter). To implement the
Level III Intervention:
1. Collect data and prepare for the conference. Print a copy of the
“Individual Learning Plan” record sheet (BLM1) from the CCC
Learning Hub (ccclearninghub.org). Document the nature and
frequency of the student’s excluding behavior and record your
observations in the "Data Collection" section of the record sheet.
Note patterns and possible correlating factors. Be ready to describe
the student’s behaviors clearly to her and to explain why her
progress so far has been unsatisfactory.
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2. Conduct the Individual Learning Conference. Facilitate
the conference using the steps on the “Individual Learning
Plan” record sheet (BLM1). Keep the tone matter-of-fact,
nonjudgmental, and positive. When generating solutions in
Steps 3 and 4 on the record sheet, consider ideas that build
empathy and create accountability for better behavior, such
as the following:
• The student interviews a few friends or family members
about times they were excluded or mistreated to find
out what happened and how they felt. The student then
writes or tells the teacher about what she learned from
the interviews.
• The student commits to acting kindly and respectfully
toward a student she has excluded. The teacher closely
monitors to make sure this is a positive experience for
both students.
• The student takes home a daily or weekly report on how
she is doing with including others and brings it back
signed by her primary caregivers.
3. Monitor, support, and assess. In the days following the Individual
Learning Conference, monitor the student’s progress. Record your
observations and any notes about ongoing decisions or agreements
in the "Follow-up" section of the record sheet (BLM1).
Also work to build a personal relationship with the student, as
she needs to trust and respect you in order to care about your
expectations or be willing to change her behavior. Use humor, if you
can, to communicate that you like the student and are interested in
her, separate from her behavior.
After a period of time, conduct a follow-up conference with the
student to reflect on how things are going. If excluding behavior
persists or escalates in spite of these interventions, it is time to
involve the principal, primary caregivers, and possibly other
professionals.
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Chapter 8 • Exclusion 67
Considerations for Involving Other AdultsPRIMARY CAREGIVERS. When caregivers work with you to
communicate high expectations and hold their child accountable
for meeting those expectations, they can play a pivotal role in
helping their child to change. However, caregivers can also
hinder their child’s progress by failing to uphold consistent
expectations, providing inadequate models, or imposing harsh
punishments. Use your best judgment in deciding whether and
when to involve caregivers. In discussions with them, keep your
tone positive and nonjudgmental. Explain the history of the
behavior and the interventions tried so far. Enlist their help by
asking them to:
• Convey the expectation that their child is to stop deliberately and
hurtfully excluding others at school.
• Check in with their child and you regularly to make sure this
behavior ends.
• Explain to their child that excluding others is a form of bullying
and that bullying in any form is wrong.
• Be firm yet supportive, avoiding anger and harsh punishment.
• Respond to excluding behavior at home by enforcing reasonable
consequences. These must not be arbitrarily punitive but rather
the natural outcomes of choosing to exclude others (such as an
end of cooperative play, a brief isolation, or a temporary loss of
privileges). Before the child resumes normal activity, she should
talk with the caregivers about alternative behaviors and make
amends if she has hurt anyone.
• Participate in a community service project with their child so
that she can build empathy by providing meaningful help to
others.
(continues)
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THE PRINCIPAL. Exclusionary behavior can usually be resolved
without the involvement of the principal. If the exclusion
escalates into other, more serious forms of bullying, consider
asking for additional support from the principal. Refer to
chapter 2, “Bullying: Active,” or chapter 3, “Bullying: Passive
(Bystanding),” for specific suggestions.
OTHER SCHOOL STAFF MEMBERS. A school counselor may be
able to help a student understand why she feels the need to
exclude others and the effect this has on herself and on those
around her. The counselor might also help a student who has
been excluded to respond in a healthy way and, if necessary, to
develop more effective social skills.
Considerations for Involving Other Adults (continued)
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