Ecology Interactions Unit

Part III

Carrying Capacity: The amount of food that an area of land will yield. -

Carrying Capacity: The amount of food that an area of land will yield. Therefore, the number of people that an

area of land will support.

Carrying Capacity: The amount of food that an area of land will yield. Therefore, the number of people that an

area of land will support.

• Humans are really good at increasing our carrying capacity.

Then… Now…

• Humans are really good at increasing our carrying capacity.

Then… Now…

• Humans are really good at increasing our carrying capacity.

Then… Now…

• Humans are really good at increasing our carrying capacity.

Then… Now…

Everythingis riding on

non-renewablefossil fuels…

• Activity! Visiting the Human Population Clock.– http://math.berkeley.edu/~galen/popclk.html

Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.

Density Dependent Factors

(Other living things)

Density Independent Factors(Non-living / Abiotic)

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature

(Non-living / Abiotic)

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Non-living / Abiotic)

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

Dams

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

DamsClothesClimate Control

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

DamsClothesClimate Control

Vaccines

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

DamsClothesClimate Control

Vaccines

Hygiene

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

(Other living things)

(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

DamsClothesClimate Control

Vaccines

Hygiene

Weapons, (tool use)

• Limiting Factors: A factor that causes a population to decrease in size.– Sunlight– Water– Temperature– Disease– Parasites– Predators– Competition

Density Dependent Factors

(Other living things)

Density Independent Factors(Non-living / Abiotic)

Humans have been able to control their limiting

factors.

Borrowed

DamsClothesClimate Control

Vaccines

Hygiene

Weapons, (tool use)

This is a picture of food aid being delivered to an area of the world that needs it very badly.

• This is a very important limiting factor in the human population.

• This is a very important limiting factor in the human population.

SPACE

Law of Nature

Law of NatureDon’t Die!

Law of NatureDon’t Die!

Law of NatureDon’t Die!

• What is competition?

• Define the word competition as it might be related to the field of ecology.

Competition: The interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another.

Four types of competition

• Interspecific competition: Over resources between different species.

• Intraspecific competition: The same species compete for resources.

• Interference competition: fighting / disrupting.

• Exploitative: Share resources.

Laws of Nature

Laws of Nature

Don’t Die!

Laws of Nature

Don’t Die!

Laws of Nature

Don’t Die!

• Which is the predator and which is prey?

• Which is the predator and which is prey?

• Which is the predator and which is prey?

• Which is the predator and which is prey?

• Which is the predator and which is prey?

Predator: An organism that hunts other organisms.

Prey: An animal hunted for food.

Prey: An animal hunted for food.

Prey: An animal hunted for food.

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• Which letter below represents the predator, and which represents the prey?

• What do you see?

• Answer! Something stalking you.

• Answer! Something stalking you.

Camouflage

FROG

Owl

Human hunter in camouflage

Adaptations: Features that make you a difficult meal.

PoisonousSpikesShellsConfusing Color Patterns

Camouflage: An adaptation that allows the animal to blend in with its environment.

• Both predator and prey have camouflage.

• Both predator and prey have camouflage.

Remember… Laws of Nature

Don’t Die!

Remember… Laws of Nature

Don’t Die!

Remember… Laws of Nature

There are four types of camouflage----

There are four types of camouflage----

There are four types of camouflageConcealing Coloration---

• Concealing Coloration: When an animal hides itself against a background of the same color / pattern.

• Concealing Coloration: When an animal hides itself against a background of the same color / pattern.

Fish?

There are four types of camouflageConcealing Coloration---

There are four types of camouflageConcealing Coloration---

There are four types of camouflageConcealing ColorationDisruptive Coloration--

• Disruptive Coloration: When stripes, spots or other patterns make it hard for other animals to see the outline of their bodies

There are four types of camouflageConcealing ColorationDisruptive ColorationDisguise

• Disguise: This is like concealing coloration except that the animals blend in with their surroundings by their shape and/or texture rather than color.

• Disguise: This is like concealing coloration except that the animals blend in with their surroundings by their shape and/or texture rather than color.

Stick Bug

There are four types of camouflageConcealing ColorationDisruptive ColorationDisguise

There are four types of camouflageConcealing ColorationDisruptive ColorationDisguiseMimicry

• Video Link: (Optional) Camouflage– A bit silly but many good examples.– Camouflage is first half, mimicry is second half.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaYbcN7Wa_M

• Academic Link / Class Quiz: Types of Camouflage.– http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/leopards/seeings

ans.html