CARTOGRAPHY OF RISKS ANDVULNÉRABILITY IN UNION OF COMOROS

Djanfar  MADJIDINational Disasters Management Organization

Union of ComorosContact: madjidi2013@hotmail.fr

Seychelles, 23th  september 2016

HISTORICAL• Introduction

• Like other countries of the world, The Union of Comoros hadliving a long history of great disasters and accidents whichresulted lost of life and materiel damages.

• The disasters are manifesting mainly by:• - Cyclones/ Tropical tempests;• - Rainstorms that bring floods, and landslide;• - Water sea mouvements;• - Fire(urban areas and forests);• - Epidemic deases;• - Air and maritim accidents;• - Social conflicts; • - Polotical crises…• The Comoros live also with higher level of

piracy,tsunami…etc.

HUMANITARIAN CONSÉQUENCES FOR APRIL 2012 FLOODS

• 10 % of the population are directly affected ;• 1,618 personnes are displaced ;• 23.036 studants without scools ;• Upgrad of vulnerability for weak population;•

HUMANITARIAN CONSÉQUENCES FOR APRIL 2012 FLOODS

• Deficiency of potable water• Limited access for health treatement;• Upgrad hydric deases and epidemic risk;• Alimentary insécurity risk ;• Malnutrition on pregnant women and children;

CONSEQUENCES IN INFRASTRUCTURES,

• Pumping water station and adduction systèm are affected;

CONSEQUENCES IN INFRASTRUCTURES,

22 km of road and bridges to build;

LANDSLIDE AFFECTED THE ROAD

CONSEQUENCES IN INFRASTRUCTURES,

• 54 affected schools;• 567 habitations are affected and 118 completly distroyed;• 32% affected hospitals and the main equipments;

CONSEQUENCES IN AGRICULTURE AND FARMER ANIMALS

• Many animals died and Agriculture lands damaged.

CYCLONES HISTORICAL IN UNION OF COMOROS

Years évents

1950The most important  of  tropic cyclones  recorded in Comoros. 524  death and 75 000 coconut palms uprooted. Catastrophic statement of accounts on Anjouan  and Moheli

1959Tropic cyclone  on Grande Comore et particularly on the north of the island. Wreckingof «NDJEMA » at Moroni port, The captain was dead.  

1983

Cyclone ELINAH Anjouan à 11:00, January 11th,patrol boat  drifting and many curious personnes  are precipitating portward in Mutsamudu; 3  continuous waves from 23 to 25 elevationmèters are  sweepping them; 3  deaths, 9 surviving personnes  and  30 vanishedpersonnes, 52 wounded personnes, 5 000 personnes  are affected, 805  houses and buildings are affected.On the districts of MOYA, KONI, JIMILIME  and POMONI 60%  of huts are broken. InMutsamudu, some old buildings are falled.Road SIMA – POMONI completly damaging;

CYCLONES HISTORICAL IN UNION OF COMOROS

•1994 Cyclone NADIA, wrecking of ZAZAKELI 2

1996 Tempst DOLORESSE, rainstorms, landslide, wrecking of  NIATI SWAFA  67 deaths in Moheli.

1998 Rainstorms (163 mm in 24 hr), landslide

1999 Rainstorms , Cholera

Dec. 2002 Strong storms ( intertropical convergence area  ) crash LET UVP 9X‐RRB faisant 2 deads and 15 blessés wounded personnes

Avr. 2003 Forte précipitations  with an air of  storm on the Comorian archipelago , 

Jan. 2004 Tropical tempest ELITA

Mar. 2004 Tropical  cyclone GAFILO, SAMSON  wrecking .

CYCLONES HISTORICAL IN UNION OF COMOROS

Jan.2005 Moderate tropical tempest ERNEST

Feb.2006 Moderate tropical tempest BOLOETSA

Déc.2006 Tropical cyclone  BONDO

Mar.2006 Tropical tempest DIWA

Mai 2006 Episode rainy‐ floods BAMBAO

Apr.2009 Tropical  tempest JADE and episode rainy

VULNÉRABILITY IN COMOROS

Based essentielly on:

- Lack of Knowledge;‐ Delicate economy;‐ Preventive measurment on risk are not realyintegrated in decision maker;

PHYSICAL  VULNERABILITYInsular context :‐ Islands serounding by water;

• ‐ Strong exposition to the météorological hazardousness• ‐ Tropical perturbation;Geographic context

• Relief : mountainous – coastwise plain;• Population mainly concentrated on the coast areas;• • Absence of permanent watercourses on Grande• Comore island;• Volcanic island : working volcano, KARTHALA on the island of 

Grande Comoros ( The one that has the bigest carter in the word).

HUMAN  VULNERABILITYDensity and  concentration of the population

• – IN GRANDE COMORE ISLAND :• • 360 hab/km² ;• • Great concentration of population in Moroni  and  adjacents  towns ;• – IN ANJOUAN ISLAND:• • Implantation of villages on the hills;• • 575 hab / km² ;• ‐ 600 to 800 hab/km²  in the district of Nyumakelé (south of Anjouan)• – IN MOHÉLI ISLAND :• ‐ 123,3 hab/km²• The population is mostly concentrated in Fomboni (the main city of 

the island);• Majority of the population is rural (64 %)

MATERIAL VULNERABILITY

• roads :• Roads grid deteriorated; • Not much disengagement routes;

Îsland Superficies Perfect roads Praticable roads

Grande Comore 1024 Km2 289 Km 131,5 Km

Anjouan 424 Km2 180 Km 63 Km

Moheli 211 Km2 84 Km 14 Km

SOCIO‐ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY• Port infrastructures :

• – Each island has a port;• – The International one is located in Anjouan island.

• Airoports infrastructures :• – Each island has an airport;• - The international one is located in Moroni.

• Terrestrial transport mediums:• – Individual transport  : few homes have a personal vehicle (5 % 

on average in the archipelago)• – Public transport  : taxis  and bus.

ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

• Natural spaces protected :• – Grande Comoros Island: Forest of Karthala, ecological niche of coelacanthe;

• – Anjouan Island: Mount Tringui, peninsula of Bimbini, lake of Dzialandzé;

• – Mohéli : Marine park and Boudouni lake.• Weak ecosystèms : mangroves and coral reefs

ON GOING

• National data base;• Cartographic of the vulnerable areas;• Disposition taken to react in real time;• Sensibilsation and motivation of the population;

• Training for prevention goal;• Bring every body togather includ the administration institutions.

INSTITUTIONAL

• Creation of:• - General Direction of Civilian Security (DGSC); main known us

secure operation and civilian protection center (COSEP),

• Comorian Coast Guard »• Centers of surveillence:

• OVK• Météo services• Healthy information center• Maritime and fishing control center• Promotion of clusters concept in state structures;

OMISSIONS

• ‐ Lack of qualified people;• – Non appropriation of emergency plan;• – Non attendance of a simulation exercice ;• – Non attendance of a emergency substance  ;

• - Limited knowledge in the emergency   treatments;

• • victims pick‐up care;• • Difficulties to mobilise means for  rebulding.

CONCLUSION

Finally, I would solicit from the institutions present here, a strong support for the Union of Comoros are the same level as other countries in the Indian Ocean and in the region, in terms of risk management and disaster through training, equipment and simulation exercises. 

THANK YOUmadjidi2013@hotmail.fr