CASA RPAS REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT

Jim Coyne

CASA - Manager of Future Technology and Regulatory Trends ICAO - Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Group Chair

DE HAVILLAND DH60 GYPSY MOTH 1929

OVERVIEW• Terminology• Regulations• Airworthiness and Certification• Detect and Avoid Technology• Airspace Integration• Spectrum Issues• Issues and Challenges• CASA Regulatory Developments

UAS IN CONTEXT

• UAV – Common lexicon – General populous refers to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

• An Unmanned Aircraft (UA) is an aircraft, therefore the majority of the ICAO/CASA requirements will apply/be affected

• Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) consists of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) + Remote Pilot Station + Command, Control, Communications (C3) Link

• ICAO and CASA addressing entire system

TERMINOLOGYUnmanned aircraft system

Remotely-piloted aircraft

Remote pilot station

Remotely-piloted aircraft system

Remote pilot

Remote Pilot License

Remote crew member

RPA observer

UAS operator certificate

Detect and avoid

UAS (umbrella term)

RPA

RPS

RPAS (RPA+RPS+C2)

RPL

UOC (AOC comp.)

D&A

REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS)

A RPAS consists of:• The Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) • Remote Pilot Station(s) (RPS) • The Command and Control (C2) data link• Communication Link• Other system elements as required, eg.,

software, health monitoring, D&A, ATC communications equipment, a flight termination system, and launch and recovery elements.

Current Regulation - CASR Part 101• CASR Part 101 – Unmanned Aircraft, Rockets and

Model Aircraft– Subpart 101.F - Regulations for the operations of UAV systems

• To operate a RPA under 150 kg: – No airworthiness requirements– Operational requirements

• To operate a RPA above 150 kg must have:– Personnel approval and UAS Operating Certificate– Certificate of Registration– Maintenance Program – Certificate of Airworthiness

• Experimental or Restricted category

Airworthiness Requirements

• Certificate of Airworthiness– Experimental Certificate

• Requires no Type Certification – Restricted Category

• Requires Type Certification

TYPE CERTIFICATION

• RPA will have to demonstrate compliance similar to that of manned aircraft.

• Brings new complexities to the subject of certification.

• Likely that components will be located in different States.

• Unique RPAS equipment not addressed in the current regulations which will be more critical because of the potential magnitude of their impact. (eg FPV)

CASA Certification Requirements

Manned Aircraft

Structures/Fatigue

Cabin Safety

Crashworthiness

Mechanical Systems

Propulsion Systems

Avionics

Flight test

Unmanned Aircraft System

Structures/Fatigue

Frangibility

Mechanical Systems

Propulsion Systems

Avionics

Remote Pilot Station

Data link

Flight test

RPAS PRODUCTS/APPROVAL

• Design of RPA, RPS and RPAS

– 3 aviation products / type approvals• Production

– Certificate of airworthiness for RPA

– Certificate of conformity for RPS

– Certificate of suitability for use for RPAS

–1 RPAS includes 1 RPA and one or more RPS• Continuing airworthiness• Relationship between TC holder and Comms Service

Providers

DETECT AND AVOID

• Technology still to be developed• Current technology inadequate for requirements• Working with ICAO and other NAAs• Working with Australian Research Organisations

INTEGRATION INTO NON-SEGREGATED AIRSPACE

• Technologies to be developed– ACAS is not good enough– ADS-B equivalent– Radar equivalent– Sight equivalent

• Flight over Populous Areas

Spectrum Requirements

• RPAS take up a huge amount of bandwidth.• ICAO is supporting the development of a

common position on bandwidth and frequency spectrum requirements for command and control of UAS

• CASA is working with ACMA and Airservices to standardise on a common goal for Australia

Issues and Challenges

• Training and Licensing• Airspace integration• Autonomous emergency capability • Detect and Avoid• Certification• Bandwidth and frequency spectrum requirements• Regulatory framework• Public perception

• How are we doing this?

CASA REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS

•Project OS 11/20:

- CASR Part 101 review - AC101-1 rewrite

• Current Research:

- Small UAS Potential Harm Analysis

Project OS 11/20 – Review of Regulations and Guidance Material relating to UAS

Objectives

•To provide more comprehensive guidance to industry

•Consider the long term integration into all classes of airspace

Project Objective cont…The Project will be undertaken in two phases:

Phase 1• CASR Part 101 review and amendment

– NPRM planned within next month:» Brings the terminology in line with ICAO, » Reviewing the weight classification as part of the

Small UAS Potential Harm Analysis research project• Develop a suite of Advisory Circulars:

– AC 101-1 - General – AC 101-4 - Training and Licensing – AC 101-5 – Operations– AC 101-9 – Operator Certification

Project Objective cont….

Phase 2 • Development of new CASR Part 102

• Separate from model aircraft, rockets, balloons• Further development of the weight classes

CONCLUSION• New terminology that goes with this new technology• Level of Regulations needed to address the safe, secure and

efficient integration of RPA into non-segregated airspace and aerodromes.

• Airworthiness Issues and Type Certification• Technology needs to be developed for Detect and Avoid• Airspace Integration Issues• Spectrum Challenges• Issues and Challenges facing the UAS community• CASA RPAS Regulatory Developments

TARANIS

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QUESTIONS?