Case Study on Solid Waste Management Under Agaratla City

8/10/2019 Case Study on Solid Waste Management Under Agaratla City

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CASE STUDY ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDERAGARTALA CITY

AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

BY

Dr MILIND RAMTEKE, IASCHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

AGARTALA MUNICIPALCOUNCILAGARTALA, TRIPURA


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Brief

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Description: Four Zones- South, North East and Central, Number of wards-35 Total Area- 58.84 Sq Km and Density of 6,251/Sq km (16,190/sq mi) . No of Households is- 90000 Present Chairperson- Dr.PrafullaJitSinha

Solid Waste Generation under Agartala Municipal council:1. Municipal Solid Waste2. Biomedical Waste

MSW Generation and Composition of Agartala City:

Sources of Solid Waste Generation Quantity ( Tentative)

Waste Generated by Household waste/KitchenWaste( door to door collection) 20 MT/Day

Waste Generated by Vegetable Markets, FishMarkets, Mandisetc 60 MT/Day

Waste generated by workshops/garages/electronic

waste 4.5 MT/Day

Commercial waste (Hotels/shops/Institutions)15% 30 MT

Dead Animals/Carcasses 0.5 MT

Waste thrown on roads collected by Sweeping 125 MT

Drain silt 10 MT

Total Solid Waste Generation 250 MT/Day


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Waste Generation Stage Primary Collection Secondary Collection & Transportation Waste Tr

Waste Generation : House Holds, Commercial Waste, Street Sweeping Waste, Parks, Municipal waste from Hospitals etc. Recovery

Recyclable w

Construction and Demolition(C&D) Waste: Consists of concrete & masonry waste Non Recyclable

Street Sweeping

Door to Door Collection

Bulk Collection from Markets, Institution, Hotels and Restaurants, Boarding House etc

Drain Clearing Sludge

Biological TechnologyAerobic comAnaerobic Decompositimethods (Smethanation)

Thermal TrTechnologyIncinerationGasification

Bulk Generations: Market, Instutions, Hotals & Restaurants, Salughter House Waste etc.

Stages of Waste generation, collection, transport and disposal as per the Guidelines mentioned in theSWM Toolkit given by Urban development Ministry, Government of India.

Community Collection Bins (DP

containers)/Refuse

Compactors/ Dhalaos

T r a n s f e r S t a t i o n ( t o e c o n o m i z e

w a s t e

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n )


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Primary Collection of Municipal Solid Waste under AMC - Primary collection isthe practice of waste collection from its very source of generation. Primarycollection includes house to house for door to door collection, collection ofwaste from commercial units like shops, hotels and restaurants.

House to house garbage collection is being done by various NGOs using tri-cycles at present. 52 No of NGOs who engage about 150 Tri-Cycle Pullers atpresent. NGOs charge Rs. 30/house/month as user fee. Present coverage isonly 30 to 40% which is not satisfactory and due to which there are lot ofcomplaints from people.

Problems in implementing door to door collection:

Primary collection system (door to door collection) is not efficientCoverage is only 30%.

NGO service is not on daily basis and is notregular and collect garbagefrom houses only for two to three days in a week.

Lot of garbage is generated on the road, drains, footpaths as the peoplethrow garbage on the roads and inside open drains due to impropersystem.

There are lotof complaints from citizens regarding lack of proper door todoor garbage collection service.

This also adds extra financial burden to Agartala Municipal Council:Each year AMC takes up drain cleaning which involves Rs. 15 to 20 lakhfor wages of labor for drain clearance.This incurs extra expenditure for

Agartala Municipal Council for secondary collection as about 40 no ofgarbage collecting vehicles move in the city twice/thrice daily on all theroads of the city except the narrow lanes or gullies for garbage collectionin order to keep the city clean and garbage free. Result is huge amount offuel bill for Agartala Municipal Council to the tune of Rs. 20-22 lakhs permonth i.e. Rs2.50 Crore per year.

Agartala Municipal Council is losing trust in the eyes of people.

TriCycle puller(NGO) collecting door to door garbage


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Secondary collection of Municipal Solid Waste under AMC:

Agartala Municipal Council has placed more than 500 number of medium(1.1cu meter) and large size(4.5 cu. Meter) Bins/containers by the side of majorroads and in market and commercial areas. Daily more than 400 sweeping

staff sweep the roads and market areas and garbage is collected in above saidbins. One sweeping machine is also engaged for sweeping roads where there isfootpath by the side of road.

Problems with secondary collection:

Relatively large quantity of garbage is generated on the roads and fromthe drains as most of the people throw their garbage on the roads orinside the open drains due to lack of efficient primary garbage collectionsystem.

Relatively large number of laboursare required for sweeping and draincleaning thus causing huge expenditure.

Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste :

Solid Waste thus generated is transported to the Dump-yardof AgartalaMunicipal Council which is about 15 km away from the main city of Agartala.On an average 50 vehicles of Agartala Municipal Council move daily twice orthrice for this purpose. As per the standard calculation about 50 vehicles makethree trips for the Dump-yard. For this 280-300 no of labours from Mechanical

section of Agartala Municipal Councilare engaged, majority i morning and somein after noon shift for lifting the garbage from the roadside and from the drainsand also from various dustbins/containers. Two Heavy De-silting machineswith high power suction for drainage clearance and transportation, have beenrecently procured and under operation.Two Cess-Pools for clearance of septictanks (Night Soil)Government& Private buildings are working & two are to beprocured shortly. All the vehicles of Mechanical wing are installed with GPSenabled vehicle tracking system.

Problems with transportation:

Relatively large number of vehicles are deployed for transportation Heavy fuel expenditure, from Rs. 80,000-100000/-per day Vehicles are routine such as trippers, trucks, dumper placers etc not

sophisticated modern such as compactors Relatively large number of labours are engaged.


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More vehicles means more operation and maintenance and fuel andlabour cost.

Issue of fuel and log book entry is done manually thus leaving scope formanipulation on the part of drivers and cleaners. Software has beenrecently prepared by NIC and is in the stage of testing.

Disposal of SWM at present : At present all the garbage thus collected from thecity is disposed in open in two Dumpyards by way of landfill without properprocessing. There is some facility for processing of garbage at DevendraChandra Nagar Dumpyard but it is not so scientific and sufficient. Hence mostof the garbage is dumped without processing.

Problems with Processing of SWM at Dumpyard :

No scientific processing Open Dumping Problem of bad odour and flies Opposition from the nearby localities

New Initiatives by Agartala Municipal Council: New initiatives are beingtaken up and are planned to be implemented in near future as per theguidelines mentioned in the SWM Toolkit( JNNURM).

1. Procurement of modern sophisticated SWM Vehicles : Agartala

Municipal council recently procured modern SWM vehicles worth aboutRs. 7(Seven)Crores with the assistance from the State Government whichincludes 3 number of 14 Cu Meter Refuge Compactors, 10 Number of 8Cu Meter Refuge Compactors, four no of skid steer loaders, 400 no ofmedium containers etc. With these vehicles the collection andtransportation of MSW under Agartala Municipal council shall becomemore efficient and economical. By one estimate, the efficient use of refugecompactors may save Rs. 50 lakh per year.


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2. Procurement of two powerful heavy de-silting machines for drainclearance: Two number of powerful de-silting machines have beenrecently procured which will be helpful for reduction of manual cleaningof city drains to significant level. The silt is being disposed in the landfillat the Dump yard. These machines will ensure speedy cleaning andtransportation of silt from the drains thus preventing chocking andblocking of drains.

3. Phasing out of old vehicles and small containers - about 25 No of oldvehicles including small and medium dumper placers, old trucks andtrippers shall be phased out thus saving around Rs 50 lakh per yearwhich is at present required for fuel and repair maintenance of thesevehicles.

4. Installation of software for vehicles of SWM - Already a software has

been prepared by NIC which will be helpful for online issue of fuel forvehicles, procurement of spare-parts etcthus eliminating the scopemanual manipulations. The software shall be installed and becomeoperational soon.

5. Uniform/dress to conservancy staff: As per the guidelines mentionedin the SWM Toolkit(JNNURM), Agartala Municipal council has starteddistribution of the uniform, protective gears such as caps, boots, gum-boots, hand gloves , cloth masks etc to all the workers engaged in

sweeping and garbage lifting activity. As per the norms, AgartalaMunicipal council shall provide two sets of uniforms to all theconservancy staff of Agartala Municipal Council each year. Necessaryallocation has already been done in the budget of this year for the saidpurpose.

Dump Tank of DeSilting

Machine

Newly

Procured DeSilting


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6. Maximum use of mechanized sweeping so as to improve cleanlinessand efficiency: Agartala Municipal council has recently procured onesweeping machine from TPS Pvt Ltd Gaziabad and is under operation.Agartala Municipal Council is planning increase use of mechanizedsweeping machines in order to ensure effectiveness, economy.

7. Setting up of 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing plant at DevendraChandra Nagar, Agartala: Agartala Municipal Council is going to set up250 tons per day capacity Solid Waste Processing Plant on Public PrivatePartnershipbasis ( PPP) basis .DPR is already prepared for setting up of250 TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant (Compost & Sanitary Landfill unit)at DC Nagar, Agartala on PPP basis. Firm/Agency has already beenselected by two stage transparent tender process. Work order to beissued shortly in the month of July 2013. Plant to be operational byDecember 2013.

8. Setting up of Dispensary for regular health check up of SWMworkers: As per the SWM Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Urbandevelopment Government of Tripura, at least two medical check ups aremandatory for all the personnel dealing with SWM. At present no suchhealth check ups are being done under Agartala Municipal Council.Now

Newly Provided

Uniform/dress to

conservancy staff

Mechanical sweeping

under process


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Agartala Municipal Council has decided to set up one OPD baseddispensary which will become functional within few months. All the staffdealing with SWM shall be given health cards and there shall be twohealth check ups mandatorily after 6 months. Necessary budgetprovisions have already been made in this year budget for the saidpurpose.

9. Start of regular, dedicated Primary Municipal waste collectionsystem(door to door garbage collection system) onPilot/experimental basis in ward no 3 of AMC and ward no 18 .- Inaddition to the existing door to door garbage collection system, AgartalaMunicipal Council has started primary Municipal Waste collection(doorto door ) system which will be on daily basis for six days in a week andmechanized vehicles such as small auto trucks shall be used for door to

door garbage collection in order to save the time and increase theefficiency and effectiveness. At present this system has been started inWard no 3 of AMC on pilot/experimental basis in which the expenditurefor auto rickshaw hiring shall be borne by Agartala Municipal Council for35 no of wards and the payment of the NGOs (labour) collecting the doorto door garbage shall be made through the user fee of Rs30/household/month collected from the individual households. Theoutcome/effects are under study at present.

10. Plans for generation of awareness among people by IEC-Leaflets, announcements, small movie clips on SWM, Newspaperadds, school programmes etc:Agartala Municipal Council has initially earmarked fund of Rs. 300000/-( Rs. Three lakh only) forgeneration of awareness among people by IEC-Leaflets, announcements, small movie clips on SWM, Newspaper adds,

New daily regulardoor to doorgarbage collectionsystem on pilotbasis in ward no 3of AMC


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school programmes etc. Timetable for various awareness generationprogrammes to make citizens aware for supporting door to door garbagecollection, maintaining cleanliness and sanitation, various schoolprogrammes and rallies is being chalked out. Support from schools, localNGOs, Durga Puja clubs, media, social groupsetc shall be requested. Onesmall movie clip has already been developed in this regard which can beflashed in theaters, cable TV, LED screens etc for awareness generationand change of attitude of people.

Some other related initiatives under Agartala Municipal council

1. Collection, Transportation and disposal of bio- Medical ( hazardouswaste)

2. Sewerage system under North Zone3. Mechanical Septage collection and treatment of septage at Sewerage

Treatment Plant4. Construction of ILCS for EWS families5. Rs. 200 Crore Drainage Project under 13 th Finance Commission Grant

1.Collection, Transportation and disposal of bio- Medical ( hazardouswaste) : Agartala Municipal Council is collecting bio-Medical waste from all theGovernment/private hospitals, laboratories on daily basis. Necessary safetynorms are being followed for this purpose. Some user fee is being charged forthis. The bio-Medical waste which is collected is incinerated in the Dieselincinerator of Agartala Municipal council located at Hapania.

BioMedical

waste collection

vehicle under

AMC


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2.Sewerage/Sewage Scheme at North Zone of Agartala Municipal Councilunder JNNURM

Currently, the City of Agartala does not have an underground sewagecollection and sewage treatment system. The untreated sewage finds its way

into several drainagechannels of the city and eventually finds its way into theHaora River, Khatakhal River,andAkhaura channel. In addition to about8,250kgs/day of BOD it is estimated that500kgs/day of Nitrogen, 100kgs/dayof Phosphate and 400kgs/day of Potassium isgenerated by the City of Agartala.As an impact of this, the water quality is affectedseverely, which is alsoconfirmed by monitoring the physic-chemical and bacteriologicalparameters ofthe river water upstream and downstream of the City of Agartala. TheCentralPollution Control Board identified the river stretch along the City of Agartala forthe Haora River to be one of the grossly polluted stretches in minor river basins

in Indiaand has recommended immediate conservation measures. The TripuraPollution Boardcarried out assessments and recommended the implementationof a comprehensivesewerage collection and sewage treatment system for theCity of Agartala.

Agartala Municipal council has taken up Rs 102.21 Crore Scheme underprogress JNNURM for North Zone of Agartala Municipal Council to beoperational by December 2013. Almost 70 % work completed. 95 km sewerline network covering entire North Zone of AMC, 3500 manholes, 9 pumpingstations, 11 lifting stations, one Sewerage Treatment Plant with 8 million liter

per day sewerage processing capacity. The components are-

1. Sewerage House Connections and pipelines2. Sewage Pumping Stations3. Sewage Treatment and Disposal Facilities


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3.MechanicalSeptage collection and treatment of septage at SewerageTreatment Plant:

There are about 70000 septic tanks under Agartala Municipal councilout of which 11000 houses shall be directly connected to the new seweragesystem which is under implementation under North Zone of AMC and shall beoperational by the end of this financial year. Out of remaining 60000 septictanks, there is need of clearance of about 10 % i.e. 6000 septic tanks per yearas one septic tank gets full once in 10 years on an average. At present AgartalaMunicipal Council is operating only two number of cess-pool machines whichare unable to reach in narrow lanes and gullies of the city. Also many peopleare not aware of this facility at the disposal of Agartala Municipal Council . Twonew split type cess-pools to be procured shortly so as to take the machines innarrow lanes.Also AMC shall procure two number of new Cess-pool machinesagain so as to have total number of Cess-pool machines six. The target is to get

at least 20 number of orders each day for septic tank clearance so as to coverabout 6000 septic tanks per year. At present most of the people are cleaningtheir septic tanks manually and most of this night soil/septage is flown directlyinto the stormwater drainage and water bodies of the city and in the river andin some nallas which are flowing to Bangladesh across the internationalboarder for which Bangladesh many times raises serious concerns. Theultimate aim of Agartala Municipal council is to clear all the 6000-6500 septictanks each year mechanically using various types of cess-pool machines andtreat the septage in the newly built Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) of 8 Million

Liters per Day Capacity which is getting ready by the end of this financial yearunder JNNURM Sewerage Scheme under North Zone of Agartala MunicipalCouncil. This will help to eliminate the remnant practice of manual scavengingof septic tanks and shall reduce the contamination level of all the water bodiesand rivers& channels flowing across the city and going to Bangladesh. Suchmethods are being practice in Urban centers of most of the South EastAsian Countries including Malaysia where there is no standard seweragelines/system in most of the cities.


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.Integrated Low Cost sanitation (ILCS) Scheme implementation underAMC

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS)is schemefor urban poor under

Ministry of HUPA, Government of India for provision of sanitary latrine tourban poor households. Already a DPR for construction of 18790 ILCS unitsacross the city of Agartala has been approved by the Government of India in2012 and till date more than 2000 ILCS units have already been constructedunder this scheme. Agartala Municipal council is trying hard to complete thetarget of construction of 18970 no of Integrated Low Cost Sanitary Latrines bythe end of this year which will eliminate the practice of dry latrines and openair defecation from Agartala City and shall help significantly to reduce thecontamination level of the rivers and water bodies.

5.Rs. 200 Crore Drainage Project under 13 th Finance Commission Grant :

Work has already started under Agartala Municipal Council for construction ofRCC covered drains worth of Rs. 200 Crore. The project has been sanctionedunder 13 th Finance Commission Grant in Aid by Government of India and isunder implementation stage. Covering of the drains shall cerate space for foot-paths and shall ease congestion and traffic on the roads. Also it will help to

Old Dry

Latrine

New ILCS Latrine

Cess pool (Suction Machine) for

clearance of septic

tanks


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prevent throwing of garbage and plastic materials into the open drains bycareless people thus chocking the drains and contaminating and blocking theflow of storm water drainage.

Present Challenges in SWM before Agartala Municipal Council:

It is practically difficult to enforce legal measures.

Only 30% households are covered with house to house garbage collectionsystem. Rest households throw the garbage over roads & drains which islifted by AMC.

AMC could clear only 900 to 1000 septic tanks mechanically last yearout of 6000 septic tanks which are being cleared per year in the city,thus manual scavenging is being practiced.

Rivers, water channels and water bodies are highly contaminated andpolluted leading to international concerns

Progress of ILCS is slow, AMC needs to speed up the construction so asto complete all the 18790 ILCS units within this financial year i.e. 31 st March 2013.

Behavior/habits and attitude of common people is not so conducive.citizens demand services but do not share responsibility for commongood.

Lack of awareness & careless attitude by people.

Aim: To make City of Agartala fully clean and green by effectivecontribution and active participation of all the stake-holders underAgartala Municipal council.

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Documents

Case Study on Solid Waste Management Under Agaratla City