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OUTLINEIntroduction.

Meaning of social case work process.

Case illustration.

Process of social case work.

Introduction.

Social case work is a method of helping people individually through a one-to-one relationship.

It is used by professionally-trained social workers in social work agencies or organizations to help

people with their problems of social functioning.

It is based on knowledge of human behaviour and various tested approaches.

Meaning of social case work process. Social case work process is a ongoing movement of the continuing development of the case

involving several activities.

Some steps of the social case work are carried out by the social worker alone and some by the

client alone and some by the worker and the client together.

Case illustration.

Process of social case work.

Intake

Study

Diagnosis

Treatment

Evaluation

Termination

Follow up

Intake It is an administrative procedure and not a process of case work.

To take-in the person with problem, enroll him as a client of the agency then starts seconds

interview with the intake worker.

During one or two skillful interviews case worker is able to assess the following:

1. What are the needs/problems of applicant?

2. How and where his needs can be best met?

Areas of Probing:

1. The stage of the problem.

2. The nature of request.

3. His adjustment to his social functioning.4. The state of his physical and mental health.

5.His appearance including dress.

6.Appropriateness and intensity of feelings.

7.Nature of defense mechanisms.

8.Level of motivation.

9.Nature of family, its status, values, relationship pattern within the family.

Psycho Social Study

An exhaustive and systematic collection of facts about the client and his situation is called study.

Psycho-social study involves exploration, observation and documentation.

Information is collected and organized with regard to the following:

Age, sex marital status. Education.

Employment and income.

Health conditions.

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Personality features.

Attitudes and behaviors.

Home and neighborhood.

Family constellation.

Family history.

Cultural practices.

Developmental stages.

Values and beliefs.

Multidimensional interactions.

Diagnosis (assessment)

Social diagnosis is aimed at finding answers to major three questions:

1. What is the problem?

1. How has it arisen?

1. What can be done to solve it?

According to Lowry (1936) diagnosis consists of:

1. Shifting the relevant from irrelevant data .

1. Organizing the facts and getting them into relatedness.1. Grasping the way in which the facts fit together .

1. Perceiving the configuration of meaning as a whole.

Treatment (intervention/ execution/action)

Treatment is the fourth step in the social case work process which aims at restoring, maintaining or

enhancing social functioning of an individual in need of help.

Clients are helped through following ways.

1. Emotional support .

2. Material things like money, articles, medicines, etc.

3. Non material resources like information and knowledge.

4. Changes in the human and physical environment.

5. Provision of counseling.

Evaluation

It is social workers reviewing of all the other components of the case work process to make an

appraisal of the result.

Here case worker need to evaluate outcome of efforts, and goals are being achieved or not.

If goals are not achieved that situations in case work practice are crisis and non motivated clients

who pose challenge to the practitioners. Dealing with such situations requires specialized

knowledge and approach. This process is known as crisis intervention.

Termination

The worker should discuss the original as well as revised goals helpful or obstructive in achieving

the objectives. Once the client has reached the level of achievement and improved positive feeling then

termination can be planned.

Follow up

Follow up is done to help the client maintain the improvement.

During follow-up the client is helped to discuss the problems he faces in maintaining the

improvement.

Work is done with the people significant for his improved social functioning.

If any problem, may also refer to proper source for needed services and help.

Social Work Code of Ethics

s Confidentiality

s Clients right to self-determination

s Respecting the dignity and worth of every client and every cultural group

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s Advocacy for social and economic justice

s Developing scientific social work knowledge

s Protection of clients and society from harm (abuse, violence)

s Treating ones colleagues with respect

What is Case Work An overview of Helping Process

Phase I

Intial Stages

Exploration

Assesment

Planning

Enhancing Motivation

Illustrations

SOCIAL CASE WORK

According to Richmond(1915) case work may be defined as,art of doing different things for different

people by cooperating with them to achieve at one,at same time,their own and society betterment

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Initial Stages

Creating a Climate Conducive to Effective Communication.

Engaging

Rapport

Attitudes & Skills

Empathetic Communication

Rapport:

Purposeful time bound professional relationship established with the client.

Skill:It is a capacity to perform a job effectively.

Empathy:

The ability of case worker to get in to the mind of other person and feel with the client, with out

getting emotionally involved or percive any thing about the client and he should come out

successfully.

Exploration the Problematic Situatation

Relationship Building & Problem Solving Activities occur Concurrently

Assessment

Assessing and formulate a working assessment .

Prioritize

Behavioral patterns

Analysis

Drawing conclusions

Planning

Manageability of the problem

Immediacy of the problem

Tentative diagnosis

Making contract or referral to expert

Enhancing Motivation

Acknowledgment Involuntary Clients & Challenging tasks

INTERACTION

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Motivation is influenced by the nature of interaction between clients and case worker.

Illustrations

Outcome of the illustration

Outcome Of the Illustration

Track of the client

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Outcome Of the Illustration

Creating conducive atmosphere

Outcome Of the Illustration

Creating conducive atmosphere

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Outcome Of the Illustration

Further depth of the problem

CASE WORK

It is practiced in an agency

Concrete help is given

Problem is seen as a whole

Focus on activities

Client Centered Help

Case work depends on the agency

COUNSELLING

Agency is not required

Choice is given, client has to chose

Concern with one type of problem

Focus on Discussions

Problem Centered Help

Counsellor is independent

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Values vs. Ethics Values are the implicit and explicit ideas about what we cherish as ideal or preferable values determines

which goals and actions we evaluate as good. Our values shapes our beliefs and attitude and vise versa.

Ethics relates to what people consider correct or right ethics generates standards that direct ones conduct.

Ethics represents values in action

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Ultimate Values: Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10, 1948

30 Articles (http://www.un.org)

ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL IN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS.

Protection of life

Right to equality

Right to autonomy

Right to hava decent quality of life

Right to privacy

How Our Personal Values Influence Practice

Influence forming of relationships

Influence views of situations

Influence selection of options

Diversity often signals value differences

Self-Awareness

Life experiences

Shape perceptions

Affect behavior

Self-awareness distinguishes

Personal issues

Professional responses

NASW Ethical Standards1. social workers ethical responsibilities to clients

2. social workers ethical responsibilities to colleagues

3. social workers ethical responsibilities in practice settings

4. social workers ethical responsibilities as professionals

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5. social workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession, and

6. social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society

NASW Ethical Principles1. Service: SWers primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems

2. Social Justice: SWers challenge social injustice

3. Dignity and Worth of the Person: SWers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person

4. Importance of Human Relationships: SWers recognize the central importance of human relationships.

5. Integrity: SWers behave in a trustworthy manner.

6. Competence: SWers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professionalexpertise.

NASW Social Work Practice Principles

Empathy (vs. emotional contagion)

Individualization : Affirms each clients unique and distinctive characteristics

Nonjudgmentalism : Maintains unbiased attitudes toward clients

Objectivity : Promotes professional caring, concerns, and commitment in working with clients

Self-determination : Upholds clients rights to exercise their own decision-making:

Felt need not they need

Access to resources : Promotes and fosters access to resources and opportunities

Confidentiality* :Respects clients rights to privacy Accountability : Ensures competent professional conduct and comportment

Confidentiality

Absolute confidentiality is seldom achieved. It is more precise to indicate that a system of relative

confidentiality is being used in social work practice

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, 19743 (University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1975) a

helping professionals obligation to inform the intended victim.