Cases on Intellectual Property

7/25/2019 Cases on Intellectual Property

1/56

[No. 10487. January 23, 1917.]

M. A. CLARKE, plaini! an" app#llan, $%. MAN&LA CAN'( Co. )L*'.+, "##n"an an"

app#ll##.

1.*RA'E-MARK AN' *RA'E-NAME/ NA&R CME*&*&N/ &NJNC*&N.A pray#r

or an in5un6ion ori""in # u%# o a %p#6i:6 #;l#; or "#%in or or "a;a#%or i% u%# ;ay prop#rly r#% upon all#aion% o a #6ni6al inrin#;#n o a ra"#-

;ar< uni#" in # %a;# 6o;plain =i all#aion% o unair 6o;p#iion.

2.&'./ &'.laini!, a 6an"y ;anua6ur#r, a" or ;any y#ar% ;a"# u%# o a

pi6orial r#pr#%#naion o a roo%#r upon # pa6


2/56

?&&. *a # plaini! or =#l$# y#ar% la% pa% a% ##n an" %ill i% #na#" in #

;anua6ur# o a lar# lin# o 6on#6ion#ry pro"u6% in6lu"in 6an"y o $ariou% an"

nu;#rou%


3/56

?. *a a $ariou% i;#% prior o January 12, 1912, # "a# o in6orporaion o #

"##n"an 6o;pany, plaini! a"$#ri%#" i% 6an"y pro"u6% #@#n%i$#ly in # lo6al

pap#r%, a% %o=n y E@ii% an" #r#o aa6#".

?&. *a #%i"#% # u%#, "i%play, an" a"$#ri%in o %ai" ;ar< in # ;ann#r ao$#

in"i6a#", plaini! a% "urin puli6 #%i$al% #l" in # 6iy o Manila or %#$#raly#ar% pa%, an" =iin # #@iiion roun"% o %ai" #%i$al%, u%#" pap#r ;a6

roo%#r% o lar# %i>#, 6arri#" aou %ai" roun"% "urin # #@iiion =i #

=or"% Claraion o # "##n"an 6orporaion, #an # u%# o #

la#l E@ii =i6 a66o;pani#%, in 6onn#6ion =i # ;anua6ur# an" %al# o

# $ariou% 6an"y pro"u6% o # "##n"an 6o;pany.

?G. *a on # I "ay o Jun#, 1912, #r# =a% :l#" aain% # %ai" =o "ir#6or%

o # "##n"an 6o;pany, y # pro%#6uin aorn#y o # 6iy o Manila, a

6o;plain o =i6 E@ii & #r#o aa6#" an" ;a"# a par o i% 6o;plain, i% a

6opy.


4/56

?G&. *a # %ai" "##n"an% pl#a"#" no uily o %ai" 6o;plain, an" a#r rial

#r#on #or# # on. A. . Cro%%:#l", pr#%i"in in ala & o i% 6our, =#r#

a6ui#" in # ;ann#r an" or; %o=n y # 6our% "#6i%ion, a 6opy o =i6

a66o;pani#% i% 6o;plain a% E@ii J.

?G&&. *a no=i%an"in %ai" 6ri;inal pro%#6uion, an" no=i%an"in #=arnin o # "##n"an 6o;pany 6onain#" in %ai" 5u";#n, # %ai" 6orporaion

"##n"an a% %in6# # r#n"iion o %ai" 5u";#n 6oninu#" o %#ll an" "i%po%# o

i% 6an"y pro"u6% un"#r # %ai" la#l E@ii a% roo%#r or Mano6 6an"y an" a

r#ail "#al#r% o "##n"an% 6an"y ar# al%o %#llin an" "i%po%in o %ai" 6an"y a%

Mano6 6an"y.

?G&&&. *a # =or" Mano6 i% # #n#ri6 #r; or 6i6


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ur#r u%# o # %ai" la#l E@ii in # %al# or o#r "i%po%iion o 6an"y y

"##n"an, unil ur#r or"#r in i% 6a%#/

?)+ *a a#r "u# #arin #r#in # "##n"an 6orporaion # "ir#6#" o r#n"#r

un"#r oa o i% prop#r oH6#r a ru# an" 6o;pl## a66oun o pro:% upon all %al#%

an" o#r "i%po%iion% o i% 6an"y pro"u6% un"#r # %ai" la#l E@ii / an" a5u";#n # #n#r#" in a$or o # plaini! an" aain% "##n"an or "oul# #

a;oun #r#o/ .

?)6+ *a 5u";#n # #n#r#" aain% # "##n"an 6o;pany, i% oH6#r%, a#n%,

an" #;ploy##% p#rp#ually #n5oinin #; ro; u%in # %ai" la#l E@ii or

any o#r li


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i% =olly unal# o "##r;in# =##r i% all##" 6a%# i% on# o inrin#;#n or o

unair 6o;p#iion "#;on%ra#% ui# 6on6lu%i$#ly a i i% n#i#r.?

D# ar# o opinion, o=#$#r, a un"#r # #r;% o A6 No. , a pray#r or an

in5un6ion ori""in # u%# o a %p#6i:6 #;l#; or "#%in an" or "a;a#% or i%

u%# ;ay prop#rly r#% upon all#aion% o a #6ni6al inrin#;#n o a ra"#-;ar


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;any "i%in6 6au%#% o a6ion a% # ;ay "##; prop#r in %uppor o i% pray#r or

r#li#. & =a% %ai" in # opinion in a 6a%# a a 6l#ar "i%in6ion ;u% # "ra=n

un"#r our %au# #=##n a6ion% or inrin#;#n an" a6ion% or unair

6o;p#iion, in a un"#r our %au#, #$i"#n6# %uH6i#n o 5u%iy r#li# upon on#

or # o#r #ory n#6#%%ia#% # ran o r#li# upon a #ory an" pr#6lu"#%

# ran o r#li# un"#r # o#r/ u i% "o#% no ;#an a # plaini!, in 6a%#%o i%


8/56

# #$i"#n6# o r#6or" 6on6lu%i$#ly #%ali% i% 6lai;, =i6, in a6, i% no

%#riou%ly "i%pu#".

108

108

&L&&NE RER* ANN*A*E'

Clar#" a

6orporaion =i6 #na#" in # u%in#%% o ;anua6urin 6an"y. *i% 6orporaion

a"op#" a% i% ra"#-;ar< a pi6orial r#pr#%#naion o =o roo%#r%, an" i a% ;a"#

#@#n%i$# u%# o i% ra"#-;ar< upon # pa6


9/56

GL. 3, JANAR( 23, 1917

109

Clar


10/56

Clar


11/56

r#n"#r#" # "##n"an 6orporaion uily o unair 6o;p#iion, or un"#r all #

6ir6u;%an6#% o # 6a%#, =# ar# o opinion a =# ar# 5u%i:#" in in#rrin #

in#n o # "##n"an 6orporaion o "#6#i$# # puli6 an" "#rau" # plaini!,

A lar# nu;#r o 6a%#% ar# 6i#" y 6oun%#l in #ir ri#% in %uppor o #ir

r#%p#6i$# 6on#nion%, an" i ;u% # 6on#%%#" a i i% "iH6ul i no =ollyi;po%%il# o r#6on6il# # prin6ipl#% upon =i6 %o;# o o%# 6a%#% %##; o urn,

ou # appar#n 6onOi6 =oul" %##; o ari%# in ;o% in%an6#% ro; #

appli6aion y # $ariou% 6our% o r#6oni>#" prin6ipl#% o # $aryin a6% o

#a6 6a%#.

*# ru i%, a% %u#%#" y 6oun%#l or # plaini!, a #r# a% ##n a $#ry

;ar


12/56

*# ollo=in #@ra6% ro; # inro"u6ion o Ni;% =or< on nair u%in#%%

Co;p#iion #@plain in %o;# %or # #n"#n6y o # 6our% in r#6#n y#ar% o ol"

o ;or# rii" a66oun o%# 6ar#" =i un air 6o;p#iionB

?*#r# i% a ;a@i; a% ol" a% # la= a #r# 6an # no ri =iou a r#;#"y, u

i i% #ually ru# a ;#n ar# 6on%anly a6uirin n#= ri% an" n#=


13/56

%oul" # r#uir#" in or"#r o %u%ain a 6lai; o #6ni6al inrin#;#n, ou i i%

#n#rally r#6oni>#" a #@a6 %i;iliu"# i% no r#uir#" o 6on%iu# an

inrin#;#n, or o #nil# # 6o;plainin pary o pro#6ion. Coloral# i;iaion i%

"##;#" %uH6i#n, an" r#"r#%% i% ran#" =#r# # %i;ilariy i% %uH6i#n o 6on$#y

a al%# i;pr#%%ion o # puli6 ;in", an" i% o a 6ara6#r o ;i%l#a" an" "#6#i$#

# or"inary pur6a%#r, in # #@#r6i%# o or"inary 6ar# an" 6auion in %u6 ;a#r%.u in 6a%#% =#r#in i 6oul" ar"ly # %ai" a #r# =a% any 6oloral# i;iaion o

# or; an" arran#;#n o # oriinal ra"#-;ar


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# oriinal ra"#-;ar


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*# 5u";#n #n#r#" in # 6our #lo= "#nyin r#li# ;u%, #r#or#, #

r#$#r%#", =iou 6o%% in i% in%an6#, an" # r#6or" r#urn#" o # 6our

=#r#in i oriina#", =#r# 5u";#n =ill # #n#r#" in 6onor;iy #r#=i

ranin in5un6i$# r#li# a% #r#in#or# in"i6a#" an" ;a#" u%# o a ra"#;ar


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a;#/ a;#/ un%in# *o;ao 6a%up la#l i% a 6oloral# i;iaion o # '#l Mon#

ra"#;ar< "u# o pro;in#n %i;ilarii#% in #n#ral "#%in alou #r# ar# %o;#

"i!#r#n6#%.D# al%o no# a # r#%pon"#n 6our ail#" o a


17/56

a;#/ un%in# au6# Manua6urin &n"u%ri#% uily o a" ai in u%in '#l

Mon# 6a%up ol#% "#%pi# =arnin/ a;# 6on%iu#% unair 6o;p#iion.

o=#$#r, =# :n" a un%in#, "#%pi# # ;any 6oi6#% a$ailal# o i an"

no=i%an"in a # 6auion V'#l Mon# Corporaion, No o # R#:ll#"W =a%

#;o%%#" on # ol#, %ill op#" o u%# # p#iion#r%T ol# o ;ar


18/56

*# p#iion#r% ar# u#%ionin # "#6i%ion o # r#%pon"#n 6our upol"in #

"i%;i%%al y # rial 6our o #ir 6o;plain aain% # pri$a# r#%pon"#n or

inrin#;#n o ra"#;ar< an" unair 6o;p#iion.

#iion#r '#l Mon# Corporaion i% a or#in 6o;pany orani>#" un"#r # la=% o

# ni#" a#% an" no #na#" in u%in#%% in # ilippin#%. o #ilippin#% an" # ni#" a#% ar# %inaori#% o # Con$#nion o ari% o

#p#;#r 27, 19I, =i6 ran% o # naional% o # pari#% ri% an"

a"$ana#% =i6 #ir o=n naional% #n5oy or # r#pr#%%ion o a6% o

inrin#;#n an" unair 6o;p#iion.

#iion#r ilippin# a6


19/56

a$in r#6#i$#" r#por% a # pri$a# r#%pon"#n =a% u%in i% #@6lu%i$#ly

"#%in#" ol#% an" a loo 6onu%inly %i;ilar o '#l Mon#T%, ilpa6< =arn#" i o

"#%i% ro; "oin %o on pain o l#al a6ion. *#r#a#r, 6lai;in a # "#;an"

a" ##n inor#", ilpa6< an" '#l Mon# :l#" a 6o;plain aain% # pri$a#

r#%pon"#n or inrin#;#n o ra"#;ar< an" unair 6o;p#iion, =i a pray#r or

"a;a#% an" # i%%uan6# o a =ri o pr#li;inary in5un6ion.I

&n i% an%=#r, un%in# all##" a i a" lon 6#a%#" o u%# # '#l Mon# ol#

an" a i% loo =a% %u%anially "i!#r#n ro; # '#l Mon# loo an" =oul" no

6onu%# # uyin puli6 o # "#ri;#n o # p#iion#r%.

A#r rial, # R#ional *rial Cour o Ma


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#6ion 22 o R.A. No. 1, o#r=i%#


21/56

'#l Mon# Corporaion $%. Cour o App#al%

#aur# o #ir app#aran6#, =i6 =oul" li#" u%# o a ra"#;ar


22/56

41

REME CR* RER* ANN*A*E'


nan =or"% u al%o on # o#r #aur#% app#arin on o la#l%.9

an" applyin # %a;#, #l" a #r# =a% no 6oloral# i;iaion o # p#iion#r%T

ra"#;ar< an" loo y # pri$a# r#%pon"#n. *# r#%pon"#n 6our ar##" =i

# :n"in% o # rial 6our aB

&n or"#r o r#%ol$# # %ai" i%%u#, # Cour no= a#;p% o ;a


23/56

'#l Mon#B &n # %ap# o a o;ao.

un%in#B Enir#ly "i!#r#n in %ap#.

. A% o la#l #lo= # 6apB

'#l Mon#B #al 6o$#rin # 6ap "o=n o # n#6< o # ol#, =i pi6ur# oo;ao#% =i =or"% V;a"# ro; r#al o;ao#%.W

un%in#B *#r# i% a la#l #lo= # 6ap =i6 %ay% Vun%in# ran".W

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

9 M#a" Jon%on Co. $. N.G.J. Gon 'orp. L"., 7 CRA 78/ ri%ol My#r% Co. $. 'ir#6or

o a#n%, 17 CRA 128.

417

GL. 181, JANAR( 2I, 1990

417


7. A% o # 6olor o # pro"u6%B

'#l Mon#B 'ar# #%# "i%in6ion%, i "o#% no ar## =i #

6on6lu%ion a #r# =a% no inrin#;#n or unair 6o;p#iion. & %##;% o u% a

# lo=#r 6our% a$# ##n %o pr#o66upi#" =i # "#ail% a #y a$# no %##n

# oal pi6ur#.

& a% ##n 6orr#6ly #l" a %i"#-y-%i"# 6o;pari%on i% no # :nal #% o

%i;ilariy.10 u6 6o;pari%on r#uir#% a 6ar#ul %6ruiny o "##r;in# in =a

poin% # la#l% o # pro"u6% "i!#r, a% =a% "on# y # rial 5u"#. *# or"inary

uy#r "o#% no u%ually ;a


24/56

*# u#%ion i% no =##r # =o ari6l#% ar# "i%inui%al# y #ir la#l =#n

%# %i"# y %i"# u =##r # #n#ral 6onu%ion ;a"# y # ari6l# upon # #y#

o # 6a%ual pur6a%#r =o i% un%u%pi6iou% an" o! i% uar", i% %u6 a% o li


25/56

& a% al%o ##n #l" a i i% no # un6ion o # 6our in 6a%#% o inrin#;#n

an" unair 6o;p#iion o #"u6a# pur6a%#r% u ra#r o a


26/56

uy% an #@p#n%i$# =a6. A% a #n#ral rul#, an or"inary uy#r "o#% no #@#r6i%# a%

;u6 pru"#n6# in uyin an ari6l# or =i6 # pay% a #= 6#na$o% a% # "o#% in

pur6a%in a ;or# $alual# in.22 E@p#n%i$# an" $alual# i#;% ar# nor;ally

ou only a#r "#li#ra#, 6o;parai$# an" analyi6al in$#%iaion. u ;a%%

pro"u6%, lo= pri6#" ari6l#% in =i"# u%#, an" ;a#r% o #$#ry"ay pur6a%#

r#uirin r#u#n r#pla6#;#n ar# ou y # 6a%ual 6on%u;#r =iou r#a6ar#.23 &n i% la#r 6a#ory i% 6a%up.

A a, #$#n i # la#l% =#r# analy>#" o##r i i% no "iH6ul o %## a #

un%in# la#l i% a 6oloral# i;iaion o # '#l Mon# ra"#;ar


27/56

& a% ##n aply o%#r$#" a # uli;a# raio in 6a%#% o ra$# "ou i% # rul#

a a% #=##n a n#=6o;#r =o y # 6onu%ion a% noin o lo%# an"

#$#ryin o ain an" on# =o y on#% "#alin a% alr#a"y a6i#$#" a$or =i

# puli6, any "ou %oul" # r#%ol$#" aain% # n#=6o;#r ina%;u6 a% #

:#l" ro; =i6 # 6an %#l#6 a "#%iral# ra"#;ar< o in"i6a# # oriin o i%

pro"u6 i% o$iou%ly a lar# on#.2I

Co;in no= o # %#6on" i%%u#, =# :n" a # pri$a# r#%pon"#n i% no uily o

inrin#;#n or a$in u%#" # '#l Mon# ol#. *# r#a%on i% a #

6on:uraion o # %ai" ol# =a% ;#r#ly r#i%#r#" in # uppl#;#nal R#i%#r.

&n # 6a%# o Lor#n>ana $. Ma6aa,2 =# "#6lar#" aB

)1+ R#i%raion in # rin6ipal R#i%#r i$#% ri%# o a pr#%u;pion o # $ali"iy o

# r#i%raion, # r#i%ranT% o=n#r%ip o # ;ar< an" i% ri o # #@6lu%i$#

u%# #r#o. *#r# i% no %u6 pr#%u;pion in # r#i%raion in # uppl#;#nal

R#i%#r.)2+ R#i%raion in # rin6ipal R#i%#r i% li;i#" o # a6ual o=n#r o #

ra"#;ar< an" pro6##"in% #r#in on # i%%u# o o=n#r%ip =i6 ;ay #

6on#%#" rou oppo%iion or in#r#r#n6# pro6##"in% or, a#r r#i%raion, in a

p#iion or 6an6#llaion.

R#i%raion in # rin6ipal R#i%#r i% 6on%ru6i$# noi6# o # r#i%ranT% 6lai;

o o=n#r%ip, =il# r#i%raion in # uppl#;#nal R#i%#r i% ;#r#ly proo o

a6ual u%# o # ra"#;ar< an" noi6# a # r#i%ran a% u%#" or appropria#"

i. & i% no %u5#6 o oppo%iion alou i ;ay # 6an6#ll#" a#r # i%%uan6#.

Corollarily, r#i%raion in # rin6ipal R#i%#r i% a a%i% or an a6ion or

inrin#;#n =il# r#i%raion in # uppl#;#nal R#i%#r i% no.

)3+ &n appli6aion% or r#i%raion in # rin6ipal R#i%#r, puli6aion o #

appli6aion i% n#6#%%ary. *i% i% no %o in appli6aion% or r#i%raion% in #

uppl#;#nal R#i%#r.

& 6an # in#rr#" ro; # or#oin a alou '#l Mon# a% a6ual u%# o #

ol#T% 6on:uraion, # p#iion#r%

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

24 &i"., Gol. &&&, 2n" #". pp. 1I27-1I28 6i#" in Con$#r%# Ru#r Corporaion $.

ni$#r%al Ru#r ro"u6 &n6., 147 CRA 1II.

2I Dillia; Dal


28/56

421

GL. 181, JANAR( 2I, 1990

421


6anno 6lai; #@6lu%i$# u%# #r#o #6au%# i a% no ##n r#i%#r#" in #

rin6ipal R#i%#r. o=#$#r, =# :n" a un%in#, "#%pi# # ;any 6oi6#%

a$ailal# o i an" no=i%an"in a # 6auion V'#l Mon# Corporaion, No o

# R#:ll#"W =a% #;o%%#" on # ol#, %ill op#" o u%# # p#iion#r%T ol# o

;ar


29/56

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

27 11 CRA 43.

422

422



a6ion. # ;any "ru;% u%#", #r# =a% only on# 6onain#r =#r# # #ll la#l

=a% no #ra%#", =il# in # 6a%# a an", # r#%pon"#n a";i#" a i ;a"#

u%# o %#$#ral '#l Mon# ol#% an" =iou oli#rain # #;o%%#" =arnin.

)3+ &n #ll, # pro"u6 o r#%pon"#n =a% %ol" o "#al#r%, no o uli;a#

6on%u;#r%. A% a #n#ral rul#, "#al#r% ar# =#ll a6uain#" =i # ;anua6ur#r

ro; =o; #y ;a


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ra"# na;# =a% u%#" in # inrin#;#n o # ri% o # 6o;plainin pary. &n

6a%#% =#r# a6ual in#n o ;i%l#a" # puli6 or o "#rau"

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

28 upra., p. 1141.

423

GL. 181, JANAR( 2I, 1990

423


# 6o;plainin pary %all # %o=n, in # "i%6r#ion o # 6our, # "a;a#%

;ay # "oul#".

*# 6o;plainin pary, upon prop#r %o=in ;ay al%o # ran#" in5un6ion.

oruna#ly or # p#iion#r%, #y ;ay %ill :n" %o;# %;all 6o;or in Ar. 2222 o

# Ci$il Co"#, =i6 pro$i"#%B

Ar. 2222. *# 6our ;ay a=ar" no;inal "a;a#% in #$#ry oliaion ari%in ro;

any %our6# #nu;#ra#" in Ar. 11I7, or in #$#ry 6a%# =#r# any prop#ry ri a%

##n in$a"#".

A66or"inly, # Cour 6an only a=ar" o # p#iion#r%, a% i #r#y "o#% a=ar",

no;inal "a;a#% in # a;oun o 1,000.00.

DERERE, # p#iion i% RAN*E'. *# "#6i%ion o # Cour o App#al% "a#"

'#6#;#r 24, 198 an" # R#%oluion "a#" April 27, 1987, ar# REGERE' an"

E* A&'E an" a n#= 5u";#n i% #r#y r#n"#r#"B

)1+ Can6#lin # pri$a# r#%pon"#nT% C#ri:6a# o R#i%raion No. R-310 an"

p#r;an#nly #n5oinin # pri$a# r#%pon"#n ro; u%in a la#l %i;ilar o a o

# p#iion#r%.

)2+ roiiin # pri$a# r#%pon"#n ro; u%in # #;py ol#% o #

p#iion#r% a% 6onain#r% or i% o=n pro"u6%.

)3+ r"#rin # pri$a# r#%pon"#n o pay # p#iion#r% no;inal "a;a#% in #

a;oun o 1,000.00, an" # 6o%% o # %ui.

R'ERE'.


31/56

Nar$a%a, an6ay6o, riPo-Auino an" M#"ial"#a, JJ., 6on6ur.

#iion ran#". '#6i%ion annull#" an" %# a%i"#.

No#.Co;;on #o;#ri6al %ap#% %u6 a% "ia;on"%, ar# or"inarily no r#ar"#"

a% in"i6ia o oriin o oo"% unl#%% #y a$# a6uir#" a %#6on"ary ;#anin.

)Gi6oria Millin Co., &n6. $%. n u, 79 CRA 207. ['#l Mon# Corporaion $%. Couro App#al%, 181 CRA 410)1990+]

[No. L-I378. May 24, 19I4]

&n R# #iion or R#i%raion o *ra"#;ar< ?REE'M? un"#r %#6ion 4 o R#puli6

A6 No. 1 :l#" in # ilippin# a#n H6# #arin #rial No. 38. Co *&N A,

appli6an p#iion#r, $%. '&REC*R A*EN*, r#%pon"#n, AD Doo C&N F

Co., oppo%ior.

1.*RA'EMARKB *E* &M&LAR&*(/ DEN &NR&NEMEN* *AKE LACE.

'i!#r#n6#% or $ariaion% in # "#ail% o on# ra"#;ar< an" o ano#r ar# no #l#ally a66#p#" #%% o %i;ilariy in ra"#;ar#, or;, an"

6olor, =il# r#l#$an, i% no 6on6lu%i$#. 'upli6aion or i;iaion i% no n#6#%%ary/ nor

i% i n#6#%%ary a # inrinin la#l %oul" %u#% an #!or o i;ia#. *#r# i%

inrin#;#n o ra"#;ar< =#n # u%# o # ;ar


32/56

i$# opinion% on # all##" %i;ilariy or "i%%i;ilariy, 6an no # a roun" or a

"i%;i%%al o an oppo%iion.

2

2

&L&&NE RER* ANN*A*E'

Co *ion a $%. 'ir#6or o a#n%

AEAL ro; a "#6i%ion o # 'ir#6or o a#n%.

*# a6% ar# %a#" in # opinion o # Cour.

Anonio a., Zu#%a"a, loro Cri%oloo. Manu#l A. ar an" Ri>alino L. a$ila, or

p#iion#r.

Eu#;io E. "# M#%a an" E. L. on>al#% or oppo%ior.

ir% A%%i%an oli6ior #n#ral Rup#ro Kapunan, Jr. an" oli6ior a6i:6o . "#

Ca%ro or r#%pon"#n.

LARA'R, J.B

*i% i% an app#al :l#" y Co *ion a, appli6an or r#i%raion o # ra"#;ar# # "#ail% o # la#l/ #

or#% or o$#rloo


36/56

&n or"#r o 6on%iu# inrin#;#n, i i% no n#6#%%ary a # ra"#;ar< #

li#rally 6opi#". S S S. N#i#r i% i n#6#%%ary a #$#ry =or" # appropria#". *#r#

;ay # inrin#;#n =#r# # %u%anial an" "i%in6i$# par o # ra"#;ar< i%

6opi#" or i;ia#" S S S. 'i%%i;ilariy in %i>#, or; an" 6olor o # la#l an" pla6#

=#r# i i% appli#" ar# no 6on6lu%i$# aain% inrin#;#n. S S S. *# r#%#;lan6#%

;ay %o ar "o;ina# # "i!#r#n6#% a% o # li


37/56

&n i% 5uri%"i6ion =# a$# #l" a # na;# ?Lu%olin? i% an inrin#;#n o #

ra"#;ar< ?apolin,? a% # %oun" o # =o na;#% i% al;o% # %a;#, an" #

la#l% o 6onain#r% #in al;o% # %a;# in r#%p#6 o 6olor, %i>#, an" o#r

6ara6#ri%i6%. )apolin Co. $%. al;#6#"a an" #r;ann F Co., 7 il., 70I.+

&n # 6a%# o La &n%ular $%. Jao #, 47 il., 7I, plaini!% la#l r#pr#%#n#" anEurop#an #;al#, =il# "##n"an% =a% a ilipino, u o la#l% #@ii#" a

;aron %#a#" on a plaor; =i a $i#= o Manila ay looon, Mon#;ayor, R#y#%, A., Juo, aui%a An#lo, an"

Con6#p6ion, JJ., 6on6ur,


38/56

Ju";#n aHr;#". [Co *ion a $%. 'ir#6or o a#n%, 9I il. 1)19I4+]

I0


#n#ral ar;#n% Corporaion $%. 'ir#6or o a#n%

No. L-2429I. #p#;#r 30, 1971.

ENERAL ARMEN* CRRA*&N, p#iion#r, $%. *E '&REC*R A*EN* an"

R&*AN R*DEAR CRRA*&N, r#%pon"#n%.

Corporaion la=/ Juri"i6al p#r%onaliy/ urian por%=#ar Corporaion i% a 5uri"i6al

p#r%on.*a r#%pon"#n, urian por%=#ar Corporaion, i% a 5uri"i6al p#r%on

%oul" # #yon" %#riou% "i%pu#. *# a6 a i ;ay no ran%a6 u%in#%% in #

ilippin#% unl#%% i a% oain#" a li6#n%# or a purpo%#, nor ;ainain a %ui in

ilippin# 6our% or # r#6o$#ry o any "#, 6lai; or "#;an" =iou %u6 li6#n%#)#6%. 8 an" 9, Corporaion La=+ "o#% no ;a#" in i%

5uri%"i6ion, na;#ly, =#r# a or#in 6orporaion %u#% on an i%ola#" ran%a6ion.

a;#/ 5#6 o # la=.*# o5#6 o # %au# )#6%. 8 an" 9, Corporaion

La=+ =a% no o pr#$#n # or#in 6orporaion ro; p#ror;in %inl# a6%, u o

pr#$#n i ro; r#uirin a "o;i6il# or # purpo%# o u%in#%% =iou a


39/56

a;#/ a;#/ a;#/ urpo%# o %ui/ Ri o # u%# o 6orpora# na;# or ra"#

na;#.*# purpo%# o %u6 a %ui i% o pro#6 i% r#puaion, 6orpora# na;# an"

oo"=ill =i6 a% ##n #%ali%#" rou # naural "#$#lop;#n o i% ra"#

or a lon p#rio" o y#ar%, in # "oin o =i6 i "o#% no %##< o #nor6# any l#al

or 6onra6 ri% ari%in ro;, or ro=in ou o any u%in#%% =i6 i a%

ran%a6#" in # ilippin# &%lan"%. *# ri o # u%# o # 6orpora# or ra"#na;# i% a prop#ry ri, a ri in r#;, =i6 i ;ay a%%#r an" pro#6 in any o

# 6our% o # =orl"#$#n in 5uri%"i6ion% =#r# i "o#% no ran%a6 u%in#%%

5u% # %a;# a% i ;ay pro#6 i% anil# prop#ry, r#al or p#r%onal aain%

r#%pa%% or 6on$#r%ion.

a;#/ Ri o u%# ra"#;ar< y or#in 6orporaion o # #@6lu%ion o o#r%/

urpo%# o *ra"#;ar< La=.&n A%ari (o


40/56

a;#/ 'i%in6ion #=##n %ui ar inrin#;#n or unair 6o;p#iion un"#r #6ion

21-A an" 6an6#llaion un"#r #6ion 17.*# :r% al# y # Cour% o ir% &n%an6# )#6. 27+/ # %#6on" para


41/56

I3

#n#ral ar;#n% Corporaion $%. 'ir#6or o a#n%

ior #n#ral a6i:6o . "# Ca%ro an" oli6ior C#l%o . (laan or r#%pon"#n

'ir#6or o a#n%.

ar#"#%, ola"or, Cru> F Na>ar#no or r#%pon"#n Corporaion.

MAKAL&N*AL, J.B

*# #n#ral ar;#n% Corporaion, orani>#" an" #@i%in un"#r # la=% o #

ilippin#%, i% # o=n#r o # ra"#;ar< Vurian,W un"#r R#i%raion No. 100I9

i%%u#" on No$#;#r 1I, 192 y # ilippin# a#n H6#, or a%%or#" ;#nT%

=#ar, %u6 a% %=#a#r%, %ir%, 5a6#" an" #@i%in in an"un"#r # la=% o # %a# o #nn%yl$ania, ..A., :l#" a p#iion =i #

ilippin# a#n H6# or # 6an6#llaion o # ra"#;ar< VurianW r#i%#r#" in

# na;# o #n#ral ar;#n% Corporaion, all#in o=n#r%ip an" prior u%# in #

ilippin#% o # %ai" ra"#;ar< on # %a;# #" in on# %inl# i%%u#B =##r or nourian por%=#ar Corporaion, =i6 i% a or#in 6orporaion no li6#n%#" o "o

u%in#%% an" no "oin u%in#%% in # ilippin#%, a% l#al 6apa6iy o ;ainain a

%ui in # ilippin# a#n H6# or 6an6#llaion o a ra"#;ar< r#i%#r#" #r#in.

*# 'ir#6or o a#n% "#ni#" # ;oion o "i%;i%% on Auu% , 194, an" "#ni#"

li


42/56

VEC. 17. roun"% or 6an6#llaion.Any p#r%on, =o #li#$#% a # i% or =ill #

"a;a#" y # r#i%raion o a ;ar< or ra"#-na;#, ;ay, upon # pay;#n o

# pr#%6ri#" ##, apply o 6an6#l %ai" r#i%raion upon any o # ollo=in

roun"%B

@ @ @ @)6+ *a # r#i%raion =a% oain#" rau"ul#nly or 6onrary o # pro$i%ion% o

%#6ion our, Cap#r && #r#oB @ @ @W

VEC. 4. R#i%raion o ra"#-;ar


43/56

Mar%all-D#ll% Co. $. El%#r F Co.1 V# o5#6 o # %au# )#6%. 8 an" 9,

Corporaion La=+ =a% no o pr#$#n # or#in 6orporaion ro; p#ror;in %inl#

a6%, u o pr#$#n i ro; a6uirin a "o;i6il# or # purpo%# o u%in#%% =iou

a# r#%pon"#n a% a 5uri"i6al p#r%on, o=#$#r, "o#% no r#%ol$# # i%%u#

in i% 6a%#. & %oul" # po%ula#" a i% poin a r#%pon"#n i% no %uin in our

6our% Vor # r#6o$#ry o any "#, 6lai; or "#;an",W or =i6 a li6#n%# o

ran%a6 u%in#%% in # ilippin#% i% r#uir#" y #6ion 9 o # Corporaion

La=, %u5#6 only o # #@6#pion alr#a"y no#". R#%pon"#n =#n o # ilippin#

a#n H6# on a p#iion or 6an6#llaion o a ra"#;ar< r#i%#r#" y p#iion#r,

in$o


44/56

@ @ @ @

V*# purpo%# o %u6 a %ui i% o pro#6 i% r#puaion, 6orpora# na;# an" oo"=ill

=i6 a% ##n #%ali%#" rou # naural "#$#lop;#n o i% ra"# or a lon

p#rio" o y#ar%, in # "oin o =i6 i "o#% no %##< o #nor6# any l#al or

6onra6 ri% ari%in ro;, or ro=in ou o any u%in#%% =i6 i a% ran%a6#"in # ilippin# &%lan"%. V*# ri o # u%# o # 6orpora# or ra"# na;#

i% a prop#ry ri, a ri in r#;, =i6 i ;ay a%%#r an" pro#6 in any o #

6our% o # =orl"#$#n in 5uri%"i6ion% =#r# i "o#% no ran%a6 u%in#%%5u%

# %a;# a% i ;ay pro#6 i% anil# prop#ry, r#al or p#r%onal aain% r#%pa%% or

6on$#r%ion.W

&n A%ari (o#" a "i%in6ion #=##n #

=o 6a%#%, in a in D#%#rn Euip;#n # or#in 6orporaion =a% no #na#" in


45/56

u%in#%% in # ilippin#%, an" o%#r$#" a i i a" ##n %o #na#" =iou :r%

oainin a li6#n%# Vano#r an" a $#ry "i!#r#n u#%ion =oul" # pr#%#n#".W

ar#n#i6ally, i ;ay # %a#" a # rulin in # M#nolau; 6a%# =a%

%u%#u#nly "#roa#" =#n Conr#%%, purpo%#ly o V6oun#ra6 # #!#6%W o

%ai" 6a%#, #na6#" R#puli6 A6 No. 38, in%#rin #6ion 21-A in # *ra"#;ar


46/56

#iion#rT% la% aru;#n &% a un"#r #6ion 37 o # *ra"#;ar< La= r#%pon"#n

i% no #nil#" o # #n#:% o %ai" la= #6au%# # ilippin#% i% no a %inaory

o any in#rnaional r#ay or 6on$#nion r#lain o ;ar


47/56

Con6#p6ion, C.J., R#y#%, J..L., 'i>on, Yal"i$ar, Ca%ro, #rnan"o, *##an


48/56

ilippin# 6our% or # r#6o$#ry o any "#, 6lai; or "#;an" =iou %u6 li6#n%#

)#6%. 8 an" 9, Corporaion La=+ "o#% no ;a#" in i%

5uri%"i6ion, na;#ly, =#r# a or#in 6orporaion %u#% on an i%ola#" ran%a6ion.

a;#/ 5#6 o # la=.*# o5#6 o # %au# )#6%. 8 an" 9, CorporaionLa=+ =a% no o pr#$#n # or#in 6orporaion ro; p#ror;in %inl# a6%, u o

pr#$#n i ro; r#uirin a "o;i6il# or # purpo%# o u%in#%% =iou a


49/56

no %o=n prior r#i%raion #r#o, %u66#%%ully ;ainain#" a %ui oppo%in #

appli6aion o # "##n"an, a lo6al u%in#%%, o r#i%#r # %a;# ra"#;ar< or

%i;ilar oo"% pro"u6#" y i;. *i% Cour %ai"B V*# la=ul #nry ino #

ilippin#% o oo"% #arin # ra"#;ar< %in6# 1949 %oul" #nil# # o=n#r o

# ra"#;ar< o # ri o u%# # %a;# o # #@6lu%ion o o#r%. Mo"#rn ra"#

an" 6o;;#r6# "#;an"% a "#pr#"aion% on l#ii;a# ra"#;ar


50/56

a;#/ #6ion 37, =#n op#rai$#.#6ion 37 o # *ra"#;ar< La= =a%

in6orpora#" in # la= in ani6ipaion o # #$#nual a"#r#n6# o # ilippin#%

o any in#rnaional 6on$#nion or r#ay or # pro#6ion o in"u%rial prop#ry. &

%p#a#" an" #@i%in un"#r # la=% o #

ilippin#%, i% # o=n#r o # ra"#;ar< Vurian,W un"#r R#i%raion No. 100I9

i%%u#" on No$#;#r 1I, 192 y # ilippin# a#n H6#, or a%%or#" ;#nT%

=#ar, %u6 a% %=#a#r%, %ir%, 5a6


51/56

n Mar6 9, 194 # urian por%=#ar Corporaion, orani>#" an" #@i%in in an"

un"#r # la=% o # %a# o #nn%yl$ania, ..A., :l#" a p#iion =i #

ilippin# a#n H6# or # 6an6#llaion o # ra"#;ar< VurianW r#i%#r#" in

# na;# o #n#ral ar;#n% Corporaion, all#in o=n#r%ip an" prior u%# in #

ilippin#% o # %ai" ra"#;ar< on # %a;# #" in on# %inl# i%%u#B =##r or no

urian por%=#ar Corporaion, =i6 i% a or#in 6orporaion no li6#n%#" o "o

u%in#%% an" no "oin u%in#%% in # ilippin#%, a% l#al 6apa6iy o ;ainain a

%ui in # ilippin# a#n H6# or 6an6#llaion o a ra"#;ar< r#i%#r#" #r#in.

*# 'ir#6or o a#n% "#ni#" # ;oion o "i%;i%% on Auu% , 194, an" "#ni#"

li


52/56

)"+ Con%i%% o or 6o;pri%#% a ;ar< or ra"#-na;# =i6 %o r#%#;l#% a ;ar< or

ra"#-na;# r#i%#r#" in # ilippin#% or a ;ar< or ra"#-na;# pr#$iou%ly u%#" in

# ilippin#% y ano#r an" no aan"on#", a% o # li


53/56

l#%% analoou% u#%ion aro%# in D#%#rn Euip;#n F upply Co. $. R#y#%, I1 il.

11I. *# %yllau% o # r#por, =i6 i% a 6orr#6 %a#;#n o # "o6rin# lai"

"o=n in # "#6i%ion, r#a"% a% ollo=%B

VA or#in 6orporaion =i6 a% n#$#r "on# @ @ @ u%in#%% in # ilippin# &%lan"%

an" =i6 i% unli6#n%#" an" unr#i%#r#" o "o u%in#%% #r#, u i% =i"#ly an"a$oraly


54/56

u%in#%%;an, o r#i%#r # %a;# ra"#;ar< or %i;ilar oo"% pro"u6#" y i;.

*i% Cour %ai"B V*# la=ul #nry ino # ilippin#% o oo"% #arin #

ra"#;ar< %in6# 1949 %oul" #nil# # o=n#r o # ra"#;ar< o # ri o u%#

# %a;# o # #@6lu%ion o o#r%. Mo"#rn ra"# an" 6o;;#r6# "#;an"% a

"#pr#"aion% on l#ii;a# ra"#;ar


55/56

=i6 i% a # or#in 6orporaion i% allo=#" #r#un"#r o %u# V=##r or no i

a% ##n li6#n%#" o "o u%in#%% in # ilippin#%W pur%uan o # Corporaion

La= )pr#6i%#ly o 6oun#ra6 # #!#6% o # "#6i%ion in # M#nolau; 6a%#+.

&n any #$#n, r#%pon"#n in # pr#%#n 6a%# i% no %uin or inrin#;#n or unair

6o;p#iion un"#r #6ion 21-A, u or 6an6#llaion un"#r #6ion 17, on on# o #roun"% #nu;#ra#" in #6ion 4. *# :r% al# y # Cour% o ir% &n%an6# )#6. 27+/ # %#6on" para


56/56

6on$#nion or r#ay or # pro#6ion o in"u%rial prop#ry. & %p#a#n ran% y la= %u%anially %i;ilar pri$il##% o 6ii>#n% o # ilippin#%.

DERERE, # p#iion i% "i%;i%%#", an" # r#%oluion o # 'ir#6or o a#n%

"a#" Auu% , 194 i% aHr;#", =i 6o%%.

Con6#p6ion, C.J., R#y#%, J..L., 'i>on, Yal"i$ar, Ca%ro, #rnan"o, *##an

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