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Cases Studies: Importance of Scales in Ecological Investigations EEES 6760, University of Toledo January 28, 2009. Reference Reading: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cases Studies: Importance of Scales in Ecological Investigations
EEES 6760, University of ToledoJanuary 28, 2009
Reference Reading:Saunders, S.C., J. Chen, T.D. Drummer, E.J. Gustafson, and K.D. Brosofske. 2005. Identifying scales of pattern in ecological data: a comparison of Lacunarity, spectral and wavelet analyses. Ecological Complexity 2: 87-105. [PDF]
LeMoine & Chen 2003
0 50 100 150 200 250Distance
0
7
13
20
27
33
40
Soi
l Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Toward InteriorToward Clearcut
6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00
Time
0
7
13
20
27
33
40
Soi
l Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Clearcut (0 m)60 m180 mInterior (270 m)
Figure 1
1a
1b
Changes in temperature with distance from an edge and by time
120 m resolution30 m resolution
480 m resolution240 m resolution
1020 m resolutionMature mixed hardwoodsYoung mixed hardwoodsMature coniferMixed conifer/hardwoodsOld clear cutBare ground/ recent clear cut
Figure ###: Classified with successively coarser resolutions, similar to the approach of Turner et al. (2000).
LeMoine & Chen 2003
LeMoine & Chen 2003
Changes in carbon fluxes
Distance (m)
0 25 50 75 100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Earthwatch/MTU Plot
MTU Plot
UW Plot
N
348 347 343344345346 341342349
356 357 361360359358 362355
381 382 386385384383 388387380
551 511521531541
336
501571
400 399 395396397398 393394401
407 408 412411410409 414413406
426 425 421422423424 419420427
771 761 721731741751 701711781
374 373 369370371372 367368
354
375
329 330 334333332331 335328
552 512522532542 502572
553 513523533543 503573
554 514524534544 504574
555 515525535545 505575
556 516526536546 506576
651 611621631641 601671
550 510520530540 500570
557 517527537547 507577
558 518528538548 508578 433 434 438437436435 440439432
772 762 722732742752 702712782602
773 763 723733743753 703713783603
770 760 720730740750 700710780600
652 612622632642672
653 613623633643673
650 610620630640670
561
562
563
564
565
566
661
560
567
568
662
663
660
Crane
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
Chen et al. 2004
The 16 ha stem-mapped plot at the Wind River Canopy Site
Chen et al 2004
9.375 18.75 37.5 75 150 300
Scales (m)
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
Shan
non I
ndex
Figure 3
Song et al. 2004
Changes in H’ with spatial scales
Your text
(a) Basal area (m2)
(c) Foliage biomass (kg.ha-1)
(b) Above-ground biomass (Mg.ha-1)
51.1 - 86.2
86.3 - 226.3
126.3 - 486.8
486.9 - 815.5
815.6 - 1652.4
5.5 - 15.6
15.7 - 22.1
22.2 - 38.5
Fig. 5
H2
< 51.0
Chen et al. 2004
The Mesocosms Facility near Duluth
600 1300 2000
Time (h)
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
-3.0
Temperature (C)
HT0 HT1 HT2
Chen et al. 2008
Diurnal changes in soil temperature with heat loadings (HT)
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
C
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Julian Day
Julian Day
5 cm
10 c
m25
cm
40 c
m
Bog Fen
HT2-HT0HT1-HT0 HT2-HT0HT1-HT0
T(o C
)
1999 2000Chen et al. 2008
Changes in difference of daily mean temperature with heat loadings (HT) from the ambient temperature (T, °C at 25 cm depth) of the peatland mesocosms for each water level (WL) treatment in 1999 and 2000
Small-Block Pine Pine-Oak-Aspen Forest
Large-Block Pine OakPine Barrens
Landscape Level (Four Landscapes)
Do differences among landscape-level disturbance regimes influence patterns of understory plant diversity or composition?
Cumulative Species Richness
0
40
80
120
160
0 1000 2000 3000
RR
P
MP TRP60 RJP RP12
OC
C
RP
7
RP
7
OC
C
OC
C
TRP60
CC
0
40
80
120
160
MA B
OP
B
OPB
PA
SPB CC YA2
H2
H1
JPO SPB
OP
BYA
2OCC O
CC
OBCC OCCH H HF F2JPO
RP5 MP NC
C PO
AR
P15
OR
P15
0 1000 2000 3000H
2
MP
F2 H H H H HF2F H2 C
RP
60
Distance (m)
Num
ber o
f Spe
cies
Pine Barrens Large-Block PO
Small-Block Pine POA Forest
Old Harvest Landing
Sand Road- Mod. Use
Sand Road- Light Use
Clearing
Access Road
ATV Trail
Dry Streambed
Grassy Roadside
Brosofske et al. 2006
Wavelet Analysis of Shannon Diversity (H’)15
00
Old Harvest Landing
Sand Road- Mod. Use
Sand Road- Light Use
Clearing
Access Road
010
0050
0R
esol
utio
n (m
)
OPBBOPBOPB PASPB CC YA2 H2H1JPO SPB O
PBM
A
YA2
10000 2000 3000Distance (m)
H’
0
1.0
2.
0
1000
1500
500
00 0.6 1.2
W. Var.
Sca
le
W E
Datasets used in the comparison of lacunarity, spectral, and wavelet analysis.
Saunders et al. 2004.
Reconstruction of data series from the discrete wavelet.
Saunders et al. 2004.
Log(lacunarity) (1), spectral density (2), and wavelet variance (3) for air temperature at the ground surface every 5 m along a transect
Cases Studies: Importance of Scales in Ecological Investigations
Homework 1: Changes in Species Cover at Multiple Spatial Scales
Using: (1) moving window average; and (2) the gliding box method to examine the changes of species coverage of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) along a 3000 m transect across the Moquah Pine Barrens in Northern Wisconsin. More instructions to be emailed.
Homework due: 2/16?