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CatocalaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromBlephara)

Eucorna andLamprosia redirect here. For the metalmark butterfly and arctiid moth

genera, respectively, seeVoltinia (butterfly)andLamprosiella.

Underwing moths

Semirelict Underwing(C. semirelicta)

Imagoof thepuraformfrom above

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Lepidoptera

Family: Noctuidae(but see text)

Tribe: Catocalini

Subtribe: Catocalina

Genus: Catocala

Schrank,1802

Type species

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Phalaena nupta

Linnaeus, 1767

Diversity

About 270 species

Synonyms

Numerous, see text

Catocalais a generallyHolarcticgenusofowlet moths(familyNoctuidae

orsuperfamilyNoctuoideaseebelow)commonly known as underwing mothsorsimply underwings. These terms are sometimes used fora few related moths,but usuallyespecially when used inplural,not as part of a species nameit is used to referto Catocalaonly. They are traditionally placed in thesubfamilyCatocalinae,and thereininsubtribeCatocalinaof the largetribeCatocalini.Of thesetaxa,they form thetype genus.

Of the more than 250 knownspecies,slightly less than half are found inNorth Americamostly in theUnited Stateswhile the rest occur inEurasia.Of these, about one-fifth(almost 30 species) is native toEurope.A few range into thenorthernNeotropicsandIndomalaya.[1]

Contents

[hide]

1 Description and ecology

2 Classification

o 2.1 Palearctic species

o 2.2 Nearctic species

3 Other "underwing moths"

4 Footnotes

5 References

6 Further reading

7 External links

Description and ecology[edit]Most species of Catocalaare mid-sized to largishmoths,crypticallycoloured except for thehindwings, which are marked with stripes in orange, red, white, or even blue. In some, thehindwings are mostly blackish. Unlike what the common name "underwings" seems tosuggest, the colour is brightest on the upperside. However, the bright hindwings are notvisible at rest, being hidden under the dull forewingshence the name. Due to their diversityand variety of colors and patterns, underwing moths are popular with collectorsofLepidoptera.

It is believed that the bright colors, arranged in usually roughlyconcentricmarkings, at acasual glance resemble theeyesof apredatoryanimal, such as acat.An underwing moth,well camouflaged in its daytime resting spot on a tree trunk or branch, will suddenly flash

open the hindwings when disturbed. Abirdor other small predator that is not used to thisdisplay is likely to be frightened, allowing the moth to escape. However, unlike some other

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bright-colored moths which are bad-tasting or even poisonous to predators, underwing mothsare well palatable at least to some birds (e.g. theBlue Jay,Cyanocitta cristata). To assist inavoidingnocturnalpredators such asbats,these moths also possess (like many of theirrelatives) fairly well-developed hearing organs.[2]

Caterpillarof theBeloved Underwing(C. ilia)

Thecaterpillarlarvaeof most species feed on the leaves of woody plants, usually trees but

sometimes shrubs. Typical foodplants areFagalesof thefamiliesBetulaceae,FagaceaeandJuglandaceaemainlyhickory(Carya),oak(Quercus)andwalnut tree(Juglans) speecies, as well as others suchasalder(Alnus),beech(Fagus),birch(Betula) andchestnut(Castanea). The caterpillars ofnumerousOld Worldand someNorth Americanspecies feed ontheSalicaceaePopulus(poplars) andSalix(willows), which belong to theMalpighiales.Lesscommon larval foodplants of Catocalaare for exampleelms(Ulmus) andvariousRosaceaeof theRosales,Tilia(linden and basswood) of theMalvales,orsomeFabaceaeof theFabales;as the preceding, these all belong to theFabidaelineage ofrosideudicots.More unusually, underwing moth caterpillars have also been found to feed onsuch plants asmaple(Acer) which belongs to a distant lineage of rosids, as well as on suchplants asash trees(Fraxinus) andblueberries(Vaccinium) which areasteridsand quiteunrelated to the other foodplants by eudicot standards.[3]

The adults are predominantly nocturnal, flying from shortly afterduskright up todaybreak.They are generally most active about two hours after nightfall. However, several if not allspecies of underwing moths have a second activity period exactly aroundnoon,during whichthey are also regularly found on the wing for about 1-2 hours each day.[4]

Classification[edit]

The genus name Catocalaroughly means "beautiful hindwings". It is a combination oftwoAncient Greekwords, kato(, "the rear one" or "the lower one"), and kalos(,"beautiful").[5]

Traditionally, this genus is placed in thefamilyNoctuidae.In an

alternatetaxonomictreatment, where the Noctuidae are circumscribed more restrictedly, theCatocalinae as defined here are merged with theErebinaeto form a family Erebidae which isplaced with the remaining Noctuidae insuperfamilyNoctuoidea.In this scheme, theCatocalini and Catocalina are upranked to subfamily and full tribe, respectively, within theErebidae.

The species of Catocalaare here divided into a Eurasian group, and another one which isfound in North America. This does not imply actual relationships; it is mainly done to moreconveniently deal with the large number of species e.g. infaunisticstudies. Still, it is notunlikely at all that the groups consist at least to some extent of closely related species.[6]

There are severalcryptic species complexesin Catocala, e.g. the group around theDelilahUnderwing(C. delilah); these and other hitherto unknown species are still being discovered

and described in some numbers. Thus, resolving thephylogenyandtaxonomyof theunderwing moths is an ongoing effort, which has made (as of 2011) little progress. In the

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scientific literature, smaller subdivisions into putatively related species are sometimesapplied, but there is no consistent and widely acceptedtaxonomictreatment for the genus asa whole.

Several distinct genera have formally been proposed for splitting from Catocala, but theseare all treated here asjunior synonyms.These synonyms and other invalid names

of Catocalaare:[7]

AndreusiaHampson, 1913 (unjustifiedemendation)

AndrewsiaGrote, 1882

Astiodes(lapsus)

AstiotesHbner, 1823

Belpharidia(lapsus)

BlepharaOchsenheimer, 1816 (unavailable)

BlepharidiaHbner, 1822

BlepharoniaHbner, 1823 (unavailable)[8]

BlepharoniaHbner, 1825

BlepharumHbner, 1806 (rejected)

CatabaptaHulst, 1884

Catacola(lapsus)

Catocalla(lapsus)

CorisceHbner, 1823

Corisee(lapsus)

EphesiaHbner, 1818

EucoraHbner, 1823

EunetisHbner, 1823

HemigeometraHaworth, 1809

LamprosiaHbner, [1821]

LamprosiaHbner, 1827 (nonHbe

MormoniaHbner, 1823

Mormosia(lapsus)

Palearcticspecies[edit]

Catocala abacta

Catocala abamita(including C. scortum)

Catocala actaea

Catocala adultera

Catocala aenigmaSheljuzhko, 1943

Catocala aestimabilis

Catocala afghanaSwinhoe, 1885

Catocala agitatrix(including C. mabella)

Catocala amabilis

Catocala amnonfreidbergi

Catocala arianaVartian, 1964

Catocala armandi(including C. davidi)

Catocala artobolevskijiSheljuzhko, 1943

Catocala bella(including C. serenides)

Catocala bokhaica

Catocala brandti

Catocala butleri

Catocala cateiWeisert, 1998

Catocala chenyixiniIshizuka, 2011

Catocala columbina

Catocala coniunctaMinsmere Crimson Underwing

Catocala connexa

Catocala contemnenda

Catocala contortaWarren[verification needed](may belong in C.nymphagoga)

Catocala conversa

Catocala daniloviBang-Haas, 1927

Catocala deductaEversmann, 1843

Catocala dejeani(sometimes in C. kuangtungensis) Catocala desiderata

Catocala frediBytinsky-Salz & Brandt, 1937

Catocala fugitivaWarren, 1914

Catocala fulminea(type ofEphesia)

Catocala fuscinupta

Catocala giudittaSchawerda, 1934

Catocala haitziBang-Haas, 1936

Catocala haritiIshizuka & Ohshima, 2002

Catocala helena

Catocala hoeneiMell, 1936

Catocala hymenaea

Catocala hymenoidesDraeseke, 1927

Catocala hyperconnexaSugi, 1965

Catocala inconstansButler, 1889

Catocala infasciataMell, 1936

Catocala intacta

Catocala invasa

Catocala jansseniProut, 1924

Catocala jonasiiButler, 1877

Catocala juncta

Catocala jyokaIshizuka, 2006

Catocala kasenkoIshizuka, 2007

Catocala koreanaStaudinger, 1892

Catocala kotschubeyiSheljuzhko, 1927

Catocala kuangtungensis

Catocala kusnezoviPngeler, 1914

Catocala laraBremer, 1861

Catocala largeteaui[verification needed]Oberthr,1881

[verification needed]

Catocala laura

Speidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis, 2008

Catocala leechi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_synonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_synonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_synonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emendation_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emendation_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emendation_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unavailable_namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unavailable_namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unavailable_namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejected_name#Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejected_name#Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejected_name#Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abamitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abamitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_actaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_actaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_adulterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_adulterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_aenigma&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_aenigma&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_aestimabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_aestimabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_afghana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_afghana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_agitatrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_agitatrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amnonfreidbergihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amnonfreidbergihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ariana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ariana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_armandihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_armandihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_artobolevskiji&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_artobolevskiji&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bokhaicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bokhaicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_brandtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_brandtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_butlerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_butlerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_catei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_catei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_chenyixini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_chenyixini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_columbinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_columbinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_coniunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_coniunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsmere_Crimson_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsmere_Crimson_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsmere_Crimson_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_connexahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_connexahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_contemnendahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_contemnendahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_contorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_contorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_conversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_conversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_danilovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_danilovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_deducta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_deducta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dejeanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dejeanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_desideratahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_desideratahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fredi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fredi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fugitiva&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fugitiva&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fulmineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fulmineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fuscinuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fuscinuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_giuditta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_giuditta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_haitzi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_haitzi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hariti&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hariti&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_helenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_helenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hoenei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hoenei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_hymenaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_hymenaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hymenoides&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hymenoides&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hyperconnexa&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hyperconnexa&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_inconstans&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_inconstans&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_infasciata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_infasciata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_intactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_intactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_invasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_invasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jansseni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jansseni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jonasii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jonasii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_junctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_junctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jyoka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jyoka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kasenko&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kasenko&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_koreana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_koreana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kotschubeyi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kotschubeyi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_kuangtungensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_kuangtungensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kusnezovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kusnezovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lara&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lara&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_largeteaui&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_laura&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_laura&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_leechihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_leechihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_leechihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_laura&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_largeteaui&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lara&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kusnezovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_kuangtungensishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kotschubeyi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_koreana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_kasenko&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jyoka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_junctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jonasii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_jansseni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_invasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_intactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_infasciata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_inconstans&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hyperconnexa&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hymenoides&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_hymenaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hoenei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_helenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_hariti&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_haitzi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_giuditta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fuscinuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fulmineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fugitiva&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_fredi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_desideratahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dejeanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_deducta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_danilovi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_conversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_contorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_contemnendahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_connexahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsmere_Crimson_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_coniunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_columbinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_chenyixini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_catei&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_butlerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_brandtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bokhaicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_bellahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_artobolevskiji&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_armandihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ariana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amnonfreidbergihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_amabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_agitatrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_afghana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_aestimabilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_aenigma&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_adulterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_actaeahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abamitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_abactahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejected_name#Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unavailable_namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emendation_(taxonomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_synonymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic

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Catocala detritaWarren, 1913

Catocala deuteronympha

Catocala dilectaHbner, [1808](typeofAstiotes)

Catocala disjuncta

Catocala dissimilis(including C. nigricans)

Catocala distortaButler, 1889 Catocala diversa

Catocala doerriesi

Catocala dotatoides

Catocala dula

Catocala duplicata

Catocala editarevayae

Catocala electaRosy Underwing

Catocala ellaButler, 1877

Catocala ellamajorIshizuka, 2010

Catocala elocataFrench Red Underwing

Catocala eminensStaudinger, 1892

Catocala eutychea

Catocala flavescens

Catocala florianiiSaldaitis & Ivinskis, 2008

Catocala formosanaOkano, 1958

Catocala fraxiniBlue Underwing,Clifden Nonpareil (typeofHemigeometra)

Catocala lehmanniSpeidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis,2008

Catocala lesbia

Catocala longipalpisMell, 1936

Catocala lupinaHerrich-Schffer, [1851]

Catocala lusciniaBrandt, 1938 Catocala macula

Catocala maculataVincent, 1919

Catocala mariana

Catocala martyrumOberthr, 1881

Catocala masoIshizuka, 2011

Catocala mesopotamica

Catocala mirificaButler, 1877

Catocala moltrechtiBang-Haas, 1927

Catocala musmi

Catocala naganoiSugi, 1982

Catocala nagioides Catocala naumanniSviridov, 1996

Catocala neglecta

Catocala neonymphaEsper, 1805(typeofEucora)

Catocala niveaButler, 1877

Catocala nubila

Catocala nuptaRed Underwing

Comparison of Eurasian species

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_detrita&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_detrita&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_deuteronymphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_deuteronymphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dilectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dilectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_disjunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_disjunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dissimilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dissimilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_distorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_distorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_diversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_diversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_doerriesihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_doerriesihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dotatoideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dotatoideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_duplicatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_duplicatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_editarevayaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_editarevayaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_electahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_electahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosy_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosy_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosy_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ella&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ella&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ellamajor&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ellamajor&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_elocatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_elocatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_eminens&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_eminens&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_eutycheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_eutycheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_flavescenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_flavescenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_florianii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_florianii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_formosana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_formosana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fraxinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fraxinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lehmanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lehmanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_lesbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_lesbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_longipalpis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_longipalpis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lupina&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lupina&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_luscinia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_luscinia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_maculahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_maculahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maculata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maculata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_marianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_marianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_martyrum&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_martyrum&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maso&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maso&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_mesopotamicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_mesopotamicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_mirifica&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_mirifica&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_moltrechtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_moltrechtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_musmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_musmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naganoi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naganoi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nagioideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nagioideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naumanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naumanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_neglectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_neglectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_neonympha&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_neonympha&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_nivea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_nivea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nubilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nubilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nuptahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nubilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_nivea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_neonympha&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_neglectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naumanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_nagioideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_naganoi&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_musmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_moltrechtihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_mirifica&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_mesopotamicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maso&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_martyrum&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_marianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_maculata&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_maculahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_luscinia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lupina&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_longipalpis&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_lesbiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_lehmanni&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_fraxinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_formosana&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_florianii&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_flavescenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_eutycheahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_eminens&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Red_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_elocatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ellamajor&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_ella&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosy_Underwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_electahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_editarevayaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_duplicatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dotatoideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_doerriesihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_diversahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_distorta&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dissimilishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_disjunctahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_dilectahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catocala_deuteronymphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catocala_detrita&action=edit&redlink=1