Instituto Mexicano de Regularización

Contents

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1A. Personal Pronouns ……………………………………………….……….3

2A. Verb to be ………………………………………………………………….

3A. Present Simple………………………………………………………..……7

3B. Past Simple ……………………………………………………………….12

3C. Future Simple……………………………………………………………..18

4A. Articles ……………………………………………………………………….

5A. How much,How many, How often and How long……………………..

6A. Vocabulary …………………………………………………………………..

7A. Irregular verbs ……………………………………………………………22

7 B Regular verbs …………………………………………………………….24

1 A Personal Pronouns1. Complete the sentences with the correct personal pronoun.

a. __________ is dreaming. (George)

b. __________ is white. (the white board)

c. __________ are on the wall. (the posters)

d. __________ is running. (the dog)

e. __________ are watching TV. (Manuel and Sandy)

f. __________ are in the garden. (the flowers)

g. __________ is riding the bike. (Tom)

h. __________ is from Japan. (Victoria)

i. __________ are beautiful (you and me)

j __________ am a student (you)

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1 A Language referenceGrammar: Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)

person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg:he)

gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)

case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.

Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences:

number person gender

personal pronouns

subject object

singular 1st male/ female I me

2nd male/ female you you

3rd male he him

female she her

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number person gender

personal pronouns

subject object

neuter it it

plural 1st male/ female we us

2nd male/ female you you

3rd male/ female/ neuter they them

Examples (in each pair, the first sentence shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):

I like coffee. / John helped me.

Do you like coffee? / John loves you.

He runs fast. / Did Ram beat him?

She is clever. / Does Mary know her?

It doesn't work. / Can the man fix it?

We went home. / Anthony drove us.

Do you need a table for three? / Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?

They played doubles. / John and Mary beat them.

When we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:

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This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsatian.

The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.

My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.

Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

For a single person, sometimes we don't know whether to use he or she. There are several solutions to this:

If a teacher needs help, he or she should see the principal.

If a teacher needs help, he should see the principal.

If a teacher needs help, they should see the principal.

We often use it to introduce a remark:

It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.

It is important to dress well.

It's difficult to find a job.

Is it normal to see them together?

It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

It's raining.

It will probably be hot tomorrow.

Is it nine o'clock yet?

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3 A Present Simple1. Reading comprehension. Look at the pictures.

Write the times.

What time does she wake up? She __________ up at 6:00 AMWhat time does she go to bed? She _________ to bed at 8:00 PMDoes she go to school by taxi? ___________ she does.Does she go out in the evening? No, she _________.

3. Reading Comprehension. Karla has a sister Katya. Her day is different. Complete the 7

6:00 AM

6:10 AM 6:20 AM

6:40 AM

7:00 AM

7:15 AM

3:00 PM

4:00 PM

6:00 PM

8:00 PM

1

2 3

4

5

6

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9

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Karla´s daily routine.

1.She wakes up at_6:00_o’ clock_ .

2.She gets up ten minutes later at __________.

3.She takes a shower at __________.

4.She has breakfast at __________.

5.She brushes her teeth at __________.

6.She leaves home at __________ and he goes to work by taxi.

7.She has dinner at __________ in her house.

8.She usually does her homework at __________.

9.She sometimes reads a book at __________.

10.She goes to bed at __________.

2. Practice in pairs the next questions and fill in the blanks according to the text.

text with the verbs in the box.

4. Correct the sentences about Katya.

1. She lives in the town.

_She doesn’t live in the town._She lives in the country.____________________________

2. She has a big breakfast.

________________________________________________________________________

3. She works in an office.

________________________________________________________________________

4. She goes to bed early.

________________________________________________________________________

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Katya is 30.She´s an artist.She _lives_ in a small house in the country. She usually _____________ at ten o’ clock in the morning. She never __________ early. She _______ coffee and toats for breakfast and then she _________ for a walk with her dog.She _________ home at eleven o’ clock and she ________ in her studio until seven o’ clock in the evening. Then she _________ dinner and _________a glass of wine. After dinner, she sometimes ___________ music and she sometimes __________the piano. She usually __________ goes to bed very late, at one or two o’ clock in the morning.

gets gets up x2 has paints drinks cooks listens togoes x2 plays lives

5. Speaking Task. Imagine you want to meet a new partner, and you go to an agency. Look at the Meeting People form. What questions does the interviewer ask?

6. Writing. Complete the questions and answer with do, don’t, does, or doesn’t.

1. _________ you like ice cream? Yes, I _________.

2. __________ she work in London? Yes, she _________.

3. Where _________ he works? In a bank.

4. __________ you go to work by bus? No, I _________.

5. __________ she go to bed early? No, she __________.

6. __________ they have a dog? Yes, they __________.

7. __________ he speak German? No, he ___________.

8. __________ they live in the United States? No, they __________. 9

Meeting PeopleMeet a partner who’s right for you

What is your name?

How old are you?

Do you work / study ?

Where do you live?

Do you have a car?

What languages do you speak?

Do you smoke?

What music do you like?

What TV programmes do you like?

What food do you like?

What news paper do you read?

What sports do you play?

NAME____________________________

AGE______________________________

OCCUPATION______________________

TOWN____________________________

YES______________NO______________

LANGUAGES_______________________

YES______________NO______________

MUSIC____________________________

TV_______________________________

FOOD_____________________________

NEWSPAPER_______________________

SPORTS___________________________

3 A Language referenceGrammar: Present simple

We use Present Perfect for things that are generally true or habitually happen.

Examples:British people like animals He works from 9.00 – 5.00.

Spelling 1. Most verbs add –s.He listensShe leavesIt walks

2. Verbs ending in –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -o -x add –es.He kisses She fixesIt watches

3. Verbs ending in –y we remove the –y and add –ies He studiesShe carriesIt cries

4. go, have and do are irregular.He doesShe goesIt has

AffirmativePersonal pronoun Verb in infinitive form ComplementI work In an officeHe / She / It works In an officeYou / We / They work In an office

To make negatives use don´t / doesn’t + the infinitive.

Example:He doesn’t work. NOT He doesn’t works.

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QuestionAuxiliary Personal Pronoun Infinitive verb Complement

Do I work In an office?Does He / She / it work In an office?Did You / We / They work In an office?

Short answerDo you work in an office? Yes, I do. / No, I don´tDoes he work in an office? Yes, he does / No he doesn’t

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NegativePersonal Pronoun Full form Infinitive verb ContractionI do not work don´tHe / She / It does not work doesn’tYou / We They do not work don´t

3 B Past Simple1. Vocabulary. Match the present and the past forms. Look at the irregular verb list on p

Present Past

are was

is were

buy went

go said

say bought

see took

take saw

2. Reading Comprehension. Put in order the next story.

( ) They bought the painting for 1,400 francs.

( ) The man in the market was very upset.

( ) They took the painting to an expert in Paris.

( ) Three friends went shopping in a market in France.

( ) The expert said the painting was worth 500 million francs.

( ) They saw a dirty, old painting for sale.

3. Reading Comprehension. Read the story and complete it with an irregular verb from exercise 1

4. Reading Comprehension. Read the true story about Raoul and Emma. Answer the question at the end.

We’re millionaires!Florence Bayes in Paris In August 1999 three friends, Jaques Proust, Guy Fadat, and Francois Lecrerc, were on holiday in the town of Laraque in France. On Sunday they ___________ shopping in the market and they ____________ a dirty, old painting of the Virgin Mary. They _______________ it for 1,400 francs and they _______________ it to Paris. In Paris, an expert said that the painting was by Leonardo da Vinci and it _____________ worth 500,000,000 francs. The man in Laraque market ___________: I was happy to sell the painting but now I´m very upset. I don´t want to think about it! 12

a) Look at the highlighted verbs in the text and complete the chart.

Present simple Past simpleThey want to go to Australia.I don´t want to say anything.Where do you want to go?

They _______________ to go to Australia.I __________________ to say anything.Where _________________ to go?

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A tale of two SydneysLast April two British teenagers wanted to go to Australia for their summer holiday. But it was a 24-hour journey by plane and tickets were very expensive. So, Raoul Sebastian and Emma Nunn, aged 19, looked for cheap tickets on the internet. They were lucky, and they booked two tickets to Sidney.

On August 4th they arrived at Heathrow airport. They checked in and waited for the plane to leave. Six hours later they landed at a big airport and changed planes.

Emma: ‘I was a bit worried because the second plane was very small, but I didn´t want to say anything to Raoul.’

Raoul: ‘After only an hour the plane landed. We looked out of the window. It was a very small airport. We walked to the information desk and I showed our tickets to the woman.’

‘When is our next flight?’ I asked.

She looked at our tickets. ‘The next flight? This is the end of your jorney. Where did you want to go?’

‘Where are we?’ I asked.

Do you think they were in Sydney?

b) Complete the questions with Was / Were or Did

1. __________ they want to go to Australia?

2. __________ it a long journey?

3. __________ they book their tickets at a travel agent´s?

4. __________ they tickets expensive?

5. __________ they check in at Heathrow airport?

6. __________ they change planes three times?

7. __________ the second plane big?

8. __________ Emma worried?

9. __________ the plane land in Australia?

10. __________ they stay in Nova Scotia for a long time?

5. Vocabulary and Speaking. Number the past time expressions 1 - 7.

I booked the tickets

yesterday morning.

five minutes ago. 1

last November.

a year ago.

last night.

three days ago.

last week.

6. Pronunciation. – ed endings

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Past simple regular verbs end in – ed in positive sentences. – ed can be pronounced in three ways.

SEE LANGUAGE REFERENCE

Listen and repeat the verbs. In which group do you pronounce the e in the –ed? Why?1 – ed = / d / 2 – ed = / t / 3 – ed = / I /

arrivedchangedshowedtried

bookedcheckedlookedwalkedasked

wantedlandedwaited

7. Grammar. Past Simple

a) Complete to the conversation. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple.

A: Where (1) Did you go (you / go) to school?

B: My father (2) __________ (work) for a multinational company

and we (3) __________(live) in lots of different countries, so I (4) _________ (go) to five different schools.

A: (5) __________ (you / enjoy) your school days?

B: No, I didn’t. Not really. I (6) __________ (not have) many friends because we (7) __________ (not stay) long in one place. I (8) __________ (leave) one school after six months!

A: (9) __________ (you / do) well in your exams?

B: Yes, I did. Because I (10) __________ (not / go) out with friends, I (11) __________ (study) a lot in the evenings and at the weekends. I (12) _________ (not / get) top grades, but I (13) __________ (get) a place at Cambridge University.

A: What was that like? (14) __________ (you / like) it?

B: Yes. I (15) __________ (think) it was great.

8. Speaking Task. Stand up and move around the class. Ask Did you…? questions. When somebody answers Yes, I did write down their name and ask the question, e.g. Where to?

Find a person who…Did you travel by plane last year? __________ Where to?Did you start learning English a long time ago? __________ When?Did you play football last weekend? __________ Who with?Did you study last night? __________ What?Did you cook a meal yesterday? __________ What?Did you arrive late for class today? __________ Why?Did you listen to the radio this morning? __________ What programme?Did you invite a friend to dinner last weekend? __________ Who?Did you finish work late last night? __________ Why?Did you watch TV last night? __________ What programme? 15

We make negatives with didn’t (did not) + infinitive.

I didn´t want to leave school.

We make questions with did + subject + infinitive.

Where did you go to school?

Did you like school? SEE LANGUAGE REFERENCE

3 B Language referenceGrammar: Past simple

We use past simple to talk about past actions and states.

The actions and states are finished.

Examples:I left school in 1999. Then I went to UniversityI liked rock music when I was a teenager.

We often use a time expression with the past simple, for example yesterday, last week, in 2003.

Examples:I saw John yesterday.We lived in Brussels in 2003.

Affirmative

Personal pronoun Verb in past simple ComplementI found a jobHe / She / It found a jobYou / We / They found a job

NegativePersonal Pronoun Full form Infinitive verb ContractionI did not find didn’t findHe / She / It did not find didn’t findYou / We They did not find didn’t find

QuestionAuxiliary Personal Pronoun Infinitive verb Complement

Did I find a job?Did He / She / it find a job?Did You / We / They find a job?

Short answerDid you find a job? Yes, I did. / No, I didn´t

With regular verbs, we usually add – ed to the infinitive in the affirmative. There are three groups of exceptions. 16

1. When the verb ends in –e, we add – d.

like – liked love – loved

2. When the verb ends in – y after a consonant, we change the – y to – ied.

study – studied try – tried

3. With some verbs that end in a consonant, we double the consonant.

plan – planned stop – stopped

Other verbs in this group include: admit, chat, control, drop, nod, occur, refer, regret, rob, transfer, and trap.

Many common verbs have irregular past forms.

eat – ate go - went leave - left

3 C Future Simple (will)17

Making predictions about the future

1. Reading Task. Read the conversation between Javier and Dan about their future plans

2. Based on the previous dialogue, choose with a tick the answer for the next questions.

a) Where will Javier go when he finishes secondary school?

____ To The United States. ____ To Mexico City. ____ To Europe.

b) What will he do there?

____ Get married. ____ Have children. ____ Go to school.

c) Javier wants to be

____ a lawyer. ____ a doctor. ____ a musician.

d) Dan wants to be

____ a lawyer. ____ a doctor. ____ a musician.

3. What will you do after school?

Dan: What do you think the weather in our town will be like when we finish studying?

Javier: With global warming, I think it will be very hot.

Javier: Next year when I finish secondary school I will go to high school in Mexico City. I have to prepare to get into medical school. What are your plans, Dan?

Dan: I want to go to music school and become a famous musician.

Javier: Will you travel before you go to college?

Dan: Yes, I will. Will you?

Javier: I don´t know. I think I will study medicine and travel later.

Dan: Will you get married young?

Javier: No, I won´t. I will study for many years before I become a doctor.

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Match the columns.

Juan is studying medicine he will be an astronomer.

Martha is learning how to cook he will be a rock start.

Mark plays in a band he will live in Frankfurt.

Davis is moving to Germany he will be a mechanic.

Luis loves car engines he will be a doctor.

Daniel is always starting at the stars she will become a chef.

5. Answer the following questions according to the previous exercise:

Example:Will Juan be a mechanic?No, he won´t, He will be a doctor.

a) Will Martha become a chef?________________________________________________________________________

b) Will David live in Paris?

________________________________________________________________________

c) Will Mark be a rock star?

________________________________________________________________________

6. Speaking Task. Ask your classmates about their future plans and write the answers.19

Questions Classmate 1 Classmate 2Will you get married?Will you go out at the weekend?Will you have children some day?Will you be a doctor?Will you cook the dinner at night?Will you do your homework tomorrow?Will you travel the text summer?Will you buy a new car the next year?Will you study English the next month?Will you take a shower tomorrow in the morning?Will you live in another country?

7. Writing Task. Write your plans for the next week in the datebook.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

3 c Language reference 20

Grammar: future (Will)

We use will + infinitive when we decide something at the moment of speaking.

Example:Don´t worry I’ll ask my husband to fix the window this afternoon. (She is deciding now.)

We sometimes use will to make offers.

Example:If you like, I’ll take you in my car.

Affirmative

Affirmative NegativePersonal pronoun

Full form

Contraction Personal Pronoun

Full form Contraction

I will ‘ll I will not won´tHe / She / It will ‘ll He / She / It will not won´tYou / We / They will ´ll You / We They will not won´t

QuestionAuxiliary Personal Pronoun Infinitive verb

Will I phone?Will He / She / it phone?Will You / We / They phone?

Short answerWill you phone? Yes, I will. / No, I won´t

7 A Irregular verbs 21

Infinitive Past simple Past participlebe was/were beenbecome became becomebreak broke brokenbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcan could been ablecatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdo did donedrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonehave had hadhit hit hitkeep kept keptknow knew knownlearn learned/learnt learned/learntlend lent lentmake made mademeet met metpay paid paidput put putread read readride rode riddenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentshut shut shutsit sat satsmell smelt smeltspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodsteal stole stolen 22

swim swam swumtake took takentell told toldwin won won

7 B Regular verbsInfinitive Past simple Past participle 23

apply applied Appliedappear appeared Appearedarrive arrived Arrivedask asked askedbring brought Broughtbrush brushed Brushedburn Burned / burnt Burned / burntcall called calledcash cashed CashedCelebrate celebrated Celebratedchange changed Changedclean cleaned Cleanedcomb combed Combedcomplicate complicated Complicatedcontinue continued Continuedcook cooked Cookedcopy copied Copieddance Danced Danceddescribe described Describeddevelop developed Developeddiscover discovered Discovereddiscuss discussed Discussedenjoy enjoyed Enjoyederase erased Erasedescape escaped Escapedfinish finished Finishedfix fixed Fixedhappen happened HappenedHelp helped HelpedImagine imagined ImaginedInclude included Includedjudge judged Judgedkiss kissed Kissedlearn Learned / learnt Learned / learntlive lived Livedlove loved lovedmove moved Movedneed needed Deededobligate obligated Obligatedopen opened Openedpaint painted PaintedParticipate participated participatedplay played Playedplayed played Playedpractice practiced Practicedsave saved Savedspell Spelled / spelt Spelled / speltstart started startedstop stopped Stopped 24

travel traveled Traveledtry tried trieduse used usedwash washed washedwatch watched watchedwork worked worked

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