Catholicism Episode 1: Amazed and Afraid: The Revelation of God Become Man Outline

 1. Both  God  and  Human  

a. Christ  is  the  privileged  door  (Chesterton)  b. The  divine  humor  (Dante’s  Divine  Comedy)  c. “And  on  that  sacred  jest/the  whole  of  Christianity  doth  rest  (Chesterton)  d. Jesus  emerged  as  a  deeply  disconcerting  and  subversive  figure  

2. Jesus  is  Lord  a. The  incarnation  is  the  central  “hinge”  of  Christianity  b. The  question:  “Who  do  men  say  that  the  Son  of  Man  is?”  (Matt.16:13)  c. Buddha,  Mohammed  and  Confucius  did  not  claim  to  be  divine  d. Jesus  compels  a  choice  e. Jesus  is  either  God  or  he  is  a  bad  man  and  a  liar;  there  is  no  middle  ground  f. “…and  they  were  amazed,  and  those  who  followed  were  afraid”  (Mk.10:32)  

3. The  Work  of  Jesus,  the  Messiah  a. Described  in  the  Torah  (Law),  Prophets,  and  Psalms  b. The  Messiah,  the  Anointed  One,  called  to  four  tasks  (N.T.  Wright)  c. Jesus  accomplished  the  four  tasks  in  the  strangest  way  

4. The  First  Task:  Gathering  the  Tribes  of  Israel  a. This  gathering  is  for  the  sake  of  the  world  b. The  Kingdom  of  God  is  the  call  to  be  gathered  and  reunited  

i. Man  is  scattered  due  to  sin  ii. God  desires  man  to  be  gathered  together  into  a  people  

c. Jesus  shepherded  the  people  of  Israel,  forming  the  New  Israel,  the  Church  5. The  Second  Task:  Cleansing  the  Temple  of  God  

a. Adam  was  the  first  priest;  the  Garden  of  Eden  was  the  first  temple  i. Adoration  is  perfect,  proper  alignment  to  God  ii. Original  sin  is  the  adoration  of  the  wrong  thing(s)  

b. Israel  was  a  temple,  created  to  teach  right  praise  and  to  offer  sacrifices  i. Sacrifice  is  the  act  of  giving  something  of  creation  back  to  the  Creator  ii. The  prophets  spoke  of  God’s  presence  leaving  the  Temple  and  looked  

forward  to  a  new  and  perfect  Temple  c. The  cleansing  of  the  Temple  by  Jesus  

i. Not  an  act  of  rebellion,  but  of  rebuilding  ii. The  Temple  to  be  rebuilt,  however,  was  the  temple  of  his  body  iii. Jesus  is  the  dwelling-­‐place  of  God,  the  perfect  sacrifice  

6. The  Third  Task:  Dealing  with  the  Enemies  of  Israel  a. The  Davidic  Warrior  

i. Israel  was  constantly  oppressed  by  other  peoples:  the  Egyptians,  Babylonians,  Assyrians,  Philistines,  Romans  

1. This  oppression  was  the  result  of  Israel’s  sin  2. Liberation  from  this  oppression  could  come  only  from  God  

ii. Jesus  is  a  “Davidic  Warrior”  1. The  power  of  God  is  revealed  in  a  baby  in  a  manger  2. The  baby  Jesus  was  “behind  enemy  lines”  (C.S.  Lewis)  

iii. Godly  humility  vs.  worldly  power  1. Worldly  power:  Quirinius  governor  of  Syria,  and  Caesar  

Augustus  2. Heavenly  power:  the  True  Emperor,  Jesus  Christ  3. The  true  emperor  is  not  fed,  but  feeds  (the  Eucharist)  

b. Dealing  with  the  Enemies  of  Israel:  Palm  Sunday  and  Holy  Week  i. Jesus  took  on  “all  forms  of  human  dysfunction;”  the  sins  of  the  world  ii. He  embodied  the  Sermon  on  the  Mount  while  on  the  Cross  

c. The  Resurrection  i. Completed  the  first  three  tasks  of  the  Messiah  ii. The  only  good  explanation  for  the  early  Christian  movement,  which  

logically  should  have  died  with  Christ  Jesus  iii. Not  a  symbol,  metaphor,  or  fable  iv. “Shalom,  peace:”  Jesus  shows  his  wounds  to  the  disciples  in  the  Upper  

Room  7. The  Fourth  Task:  Reigning  as  Lord  of  the  Nations  

a. “Iesus  Kyrios”  (“Jesus  is  Lord”)  i. Pilate,  by  putting  the  sign  over  the  crucified  Christ,  was,  ironically  and  unwittingly,  the  first  evangelist  

ii. The  words,  Jesus  is  Lord”  were  fighting  words  in  the  first  century,  leading  to  direct  confrontation  with  Rome  and  Caesar  

b. However,  it  was  through  Rome  that  Christ  and  his  Church  would  go  out  to  all  the  world  

c. “Glad  Tidings”  was  an  imperial  greeting;  the  good  news  (Gospel)  was  not  about  Roman  rulers,  but  about  the  King  of  Kings  

d. The  Cross  taunts  Rome  and  its  successors        

Catholicism Episode 2: Happy are We: The Teachings of Jesus Outline

 1. Questions  about  Jesus  

a. There  are  numerous  “versions”  of  Jesus.    Which  is  true?  b. Who  was  Jesus?    What  did  he  do  and  say?    What  did  he  mean?  c. The  temptation  of  the  New  Age  Christ  

2. The  Path  of  Joy:  The  Teachings  of  Jesus  a. Dominus  Iesus  and  the  uniqueness  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth  b. He  alone  is  the  Son  and  the  Word  of  the  Father  c. Jesus’  teaching  is  a  central  part  of  his  mission  d. Jesus’  teaching  is  the  focus  of  early  Christian  writings  

3. The  Beatitudes  a. Joy  and  freedom  for  excellence  b. Two  versions  in  the  Gospels  

i. Luke  6:17-­‐49  ii. Matthew  5-­‐7  

c. Reveals  the  fullness  of  the  Old  Law  d. Expresses  the  heart  of  the  New  Law  e. Intimate  connection  between  Old  and  New  

i. Jesus  is  the  new  Moses  ii. The  mountaintop  is  the  new  Mt.  Sinai  iii. The  Sermon  is  the  new  Law  iv. Given  to  the  new  people  of  God,  the  Church  

f. The  meaning  of  “happy”  or  “blessed:  is  difficult,  but  essential  g. The  Beatitudes  

i. “Blessed  are  the  merciful…”:  To  love  with  the  heart  of  God  ii. “Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart…”:  Free  from  distractions  iii. “Blessed  are  those  who  hunger  and  thirst  for  righteousness…”:  The  

desire  for  true  justice  iv. “Blessed  are  the  peacemakers…”:  Reconciliation  with  God  and  others  v. “Blessed  are  the  poor  in  spirit…”:  The  need  for  humility  vi. “Blessed  are  those  who  mourn…”:  A  proper  response  to  suffering  vii. “Blessed  are  the  meek…”:  Renunciation  of  power  and  glory  viii. “Blessed  are  those  who  are  persecuted  for  righteousness’  sake…”  Sign  

of  detachment  from  the  world  1. Charles  Lwanga  and  his  companions  

h. The  Sermon  should  be  understood  in  light  of  the  Mount  of  Calvary  i. Christ  crucified  is  detached  from:  

1. Wealth  2. Pleasure  3. Power  4. Honor  

ii. Christ  crucified  loved  the  will  of  the  Father  iii. Christ  crucified  is  the  happiest  man  

i. The  Path  of  Non-­‐violence  

i. Love  is  “willing  the  good  of  the  other  as  other”  ii. “Love  your  enemies”:  the  rhetorical  climax  of  the  Sermon  on  the  

Mount  iii. Not  passivity,  but  provocative  form  of  resistance  iv. Examples  of  this  form  of  resistance  

4. The  Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son  (Lk.  15:11-­‐32)  a. A  parable  about  divine  mercy  (John  Paul  II)  b. We  are  children  of  God,  yet  man  chooses  autonomy  from  God  c. By  rendering  grace,  man  exiles  himself  from  familial  love  and  communion  d. Desperation  leads  to  awareness;  better  to  be  a  slave  than  to  feed  pigs  e. The  father  is  faithful  to  his  fatherhood  and  to  his  son  f. The  ring  given  by  the  father  is  marital,  re-­‐establishes  right  relationship  g. The  older  son  is  not  different,  in  the  end,  than  his  brother  h. The  heavenly  Father  waits  for  man  to  respond  to  his  fatherly  call  

5. Matthew  25  a. Peter  Maurin,  Dorothy  Day  and  the  Catholic  Worker  

i. Go-­‐getters  to  go-­‐givers:  the  transformation  of  society  in  Christ  b. Mother  Teresa  

i. “You  did  it  to  me”  c. Metanoiate:  changing  the  manner  in  which  we  see  the  world  d. “The  Law  of  the  Gift”  

     

Catholicism Episode 3: The Ineffable Mystery of God: That Than Which Nothing Greater Can be Thought

Outline  

1. The  Mystery  of  God  a. Moses  

i. Moses  was  living  a  “second  life”  ii. Moses  had  been  saved  before  from  death  iii. God  spoke  to  Moses  from  the  bush  

1. “I  am  who  I  am”  (Ex.  3:14)  2. “This  divine  name  is  mysterious   just  as  God  is  mystery”  (CCC,  

206)  3. Tetragrammaton:  YHWH,”  rendered  as  “Lord”  

iv. God  is  not  a  being,  but  being  itself  (ipsum  ese)  v. God  is  a  mystery  

b. Anselm’s  “Ontological  Argument”  i. God  as  “that  than  which  nothing  greater  can  be  thought”  ii. God  cannot  be  limited  by  the  categories  of  human  understanding  

2. The  Five  “Ways”  and  the  Argument  from  Contingency  a. The  “Five  Ways”  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  

i. Argument  from  motion  ii. Argument  from  efficient  causes  iii. Argument  from  contingency  iv. Argument  from  gradation  of  being  v. Argument  from  design  

b. Contingency:  all  things  come  and  go;  everything  is  changing  i. It  is  not  possible  for  all  things  to  always  exist  ii. They  must,  then,  depend  for  their  existence  on  some  necessary  reality  

3. Ratzinger’s  Argument  from  Intelligibility  a. The   possibility   of   an   intelligible   universe   is   conditioned   by   there   being   a  

Divine  Intelligence,  the  Logos  b. All  science  is  conditioned  by  this  assumption  c. All  knowledge  is  re-­‐cognizing  the  forms  d. The  universe  is  marked  by  intelligence  

4. Naming  God  a. God  is  transcendent  and  radically  other  b. God  is  intensely  immanent  and  present  to  us  (Psalm  139)  

i. Omnipotence  ii. Omniscience  iii. Omnipresence  

c. The  only  proper  response  to  God  is  love  5. The  Provident  Creator  

a. God  is  “maker  of  heaven  and  earth”  (cf.  Gen  1:1)  b. God  created  ex  nihilo,  from  nothing  c. God  sustains  all  creation  (CCC,  301)  d. God  is  involved  and  immanent  

e. God  and  freedom  (Veritatis  Spendor)  6. The  Problem  of  Evil  

a. Why  does  evil  exist?  (CCC,  309)  b. Evil  is  the  deprivation  of  what  ought  to  be  c. The  example  and  witness  of  Job  d. Georges  Sauret:  God  and  Artist  with  a  canvas  of  all  space  and  time    e. William  James  and  the  limited  capacity  of  minds  to  understand  f. The  need  to  consider  the  Cross  of  Christ  

7. The  Trinity  a. The  central  mystery  of  the  Christian  faith  (CCC,  261)  b. A  mystery  of  faith,  revealed  by  God  c. Revealed  through  Jesus  Christ,  at  his  baptism  and  through  his  teachings  d. God  is  a  family  of  love  e. St.  Augustine’s  analogies  (De  trinitate)  

i. Lover,  loved  one,  love  in  human  experience  ii. Mind,  self-­‐knowledge,  self-­‐love  

8. The  Meaning  of  It  all  a. The  question  after  Being  b. Christian  answer  is  love  c. God  is  love  

   

Catholicism Episode 4: Our Tainted Nature’s Solitary Boast: Mary, The Mother of God  

1. The  Annunciation  a. The  angel  Gabriel:  “Hail,  O  favored  one,  the  Lord  is  with  you!”  (Lk.  1:28)  b. Mary  called  to  be  the  new  Ark  of  the  Covenant  c. Mary’s  response  is  her  fiat,  her  humble  and  holy  “Yes”  (Lk.  1:38)  d. Mary  is  the  New  Eve;  she  was  conceived  without  sin,  filled  with  divine  life  e. The  Ave  reverses  Eva:  the  attitude  of  fiat  (“let  it  be”)  

2. Mary  and  Zion  a. The  Bridge  between  Old  &  New  Covenant  b. Chartres  Cathedral:  Body  of  Mary  c. Mary  is  a  daughter  of  Israel,  a  true  Jew  d. Mary  personifies  Israel,  the  bridal  people  of  God,  faithful  to  the  covenant  e. Mary  responded  to  God’s  call,  promptly,  quickly,  and  obediently  f. The  model  disciple  

3. The  Mother  of  God  a. The  Council  of  Ephesus  (A.D.  431)  

i. Convened  to  combat  Nestorius,  the  Patriarch  of  Constantinople  ii. Christotokos  (Christ-­‐bearer)  vs.  Theotokos  (God-­‐bearer)  iii. Twelve  anathemas  proposed  by  St.  Cyril  of  Alexandria  

b. Jesus  Christ  is  one  Person  with  two  natures,  human  and  divine  c. Mary  is  not  the  mother  of  a  human  nature,  but  a  person:  Jesus  Christ  d. Calling  Mary  the  Mother  of  God  defends  the  Incarnation  

4. The  Immaculate  Conception  a. The  two  dogmas,  declared  in  1854  and  1950  respectively,  have  ancient  roots  b. Pius  IX  (Ineffabilis  Deus):  Mary  born  “free  from  all  stain  of  original  sin”  

i. This  is  why  Gabriel  says,  “Hail  Full  of  Grace”  ii. Mary  gifted  with  “sublime  grace”  (Lumen  Gentium,  53)  iii. Mary  is  a  perfect  and  holy  vessel  for  reception  of  the  Word  iv. Mary’s  salvation  a  matter  of  how,  not  if  or  what  

c. St.  Bernadette  and  Lourdes  5. The  Assumption  

a. Pius  XII  (Munificentissimus  Deus):  Mary’s  body  did  not  corrupt  i. Mary  did  not  have  to  wait  “for  the  redemption  of  her  body”  ii. Mary  perfectly  shared  in  her  Son’s  life,  death,  and  Resurrection  iii. The  Assumption  is  a  “singular  participation  in  her  Son’s  Resurrection”  

(CCC,  966)  6. The  Mother  of  the  Church  

a. Mary  continues  to  be  active  today  b. Dec.  9,  1531:  Mary  appeared  to  Juan  Diego  in  Mexico  c. The  sign  given:  tilma  filled  with  roses,  imprinted  with  miraculous  image  d. The  image  of  the  Virgin  echoes  Revelation  12  

 7. Mother  of  the  New  Covenant  

a. Human  Sacrifice  i. Rene  Girard:  The  Scapegoat  

1. The   Scapegoat   is   at   the   foundation   of   society;   provides  communal  cohesion  

2. Satan  is  the  Accuser  3. Christ   rejects   Satan;   thus   he   rejects   a   world   ordered   by  

violence  4. Christ  becomes  scapegoat  to  show  s  our  violence  5. Christ  orders  society  through  love  and  non-­‐violence  

8. Hopkins’  The  May  Magnificat  a. Mary  magnifies  the  Lord  b. Mary,  the  Matrix  of  Life  

   

Catholicism Episode 5: The Indispensable Men: Peter, Paul, and the Missionary Adventure  

1. Unique  and  United  a. Principal  archetypes  for  disciples  of  Christ  b. Peter  =  kingly,  leadership,  governing  c. Paul  =  prophetic,  missionary,  teacher  d. United  in  apostleship  and  devotion  to  the  Lord  

2. Peter  of  Capharnaum  a. A  fisherman  and  businessman;  married,  middle  class  b. Blustery,  direct,  strong-­‐willed,  but  loyal  c. Name  appears  191  times  in  the  New  Testament  

i. Named  first  on  lists  of  apostles  ii. Only  apostle  to  be  given  a  new  name  by  Christ  iii. Exhorted  by  Jesus  to  strengthen  his  brethren  

d. Transfiguration  and  Transformation  i. The  prophecy  and  promise  of  the  Cross  ii. Transfiguration:  fullness  of  divine  presence,  action,  glory  iii. Peter’s  three-­‐fold  denial:  from  light  to  darkness  iv. Christ’s  three-­‐fold  affirmation  of  love  and  duty  v. Acts  of  the  Apostles:  Pentecost,  preaching,  Cornelius  the  centurion  

e. The  Call  and  Confession  i. “Follow  me  and  I  will  make  you  become  fishers  of  men.”  ii. Caesarea  Philippi  

1. Old  Testament  background  (I  Kings  4;  Isaiah  22)  2. Physical  setting:  site  of  pagan  worship  3. Two  questions  (Matt.  15:13,  15)  4. Simon  is  renamed  Petros/Kepha  (“Rock”)  5. Appointed  prime  minister;  given  keys  to  the  kingdom  

f. Peter:  apostle  and  Witness  i. Witness  to  the  Resurrection  of  Christ  ii. Witness  to  the  Gospel  iii. Martyred  in  Rome  (c.  A.D.  65)  

 3. Paul  of  Tarsus  

a. Devout  Jew  with  perfect  resume  (Phil.  3:4-­‐7)  b. Youth  and  education  

i. Born  in  Tarsus  (southeastern  Turkey)  ii. A  Roman  citizen  iii. Comfortable  with  Roman,  Hellenistic,  Jewish  cultures  iv. Classical  education;  foremost  a  student  of  Hebrew  Scriptures  v. Student  of  Rabbi  Gamaliel  (Acts  22:3)  vi. A  brilliant,  intense  zealot  vii. Persecutor  of  the  Church,  first  Christians  (Acts  8:1)  

c. Conversion  and  Mission  i. Road  to  Damascus  (Acts  9:3-­‐6;  22:4-­‐11;  26:12-­‐18)  ii. Baptized,  preaching,  studying  iii. Missionary  journeys  iv. Letters  v. Martyred  in  Rome  (c.  A.D.  67)  

d. Paul’s  Theology  of  Resurrection  i. Truth  of  Christ’s  Resurrection:  A  central  theme  in  Paul’s  writings  ii. The  Resurrection  fulfilled  God’s  plan/promises  for  Israel  iii. Those  buried  in  baptism  will  rise  again  (Rom.  6:1-­‐9)  

e. Participation  in  Christ  i. “In  Christ”  appears  often  in  Paul’s  writings  ii. The  New  Covenant  is  entrance  into  God’s  divine  life  iii. The  heart  of  the  covenantal  gift  is  the  Eucharist  iv. Koinania  =  mystical  communion,  fellowship  v. Justification  =  made  right  with  God  by  grace,  through  Christ  vi. Through  faith  we  are  grafted  into  the  power  of  Christ  vii. Conformed  and  transformed  by  love  

   

Catholicism Episode 5: The Indispensable Men: Peter, Paul, and the Missionary Adventure  

1. Unique  and  United  a. Principal  archetypes  for  disciples  of  Christ  b. Peter  =  kingly,  leadership,  governing  c. Paul  =  prophetic,  missionary,  teacher  d. United  in  apostleship  and  devotion  to  the  Lord  

2. Peter  of  Capharnaum  a. A  fisherman  and  businessman;  married,  middle  class  b. Blustery,  direct,  strong-­‐willed,  but  loyal  c. Name  appears  191  times  in  the  New  Testament  

i. Named  first  on  lists  of  apostles  ii. Only  apostle  to  be  given  a  new  name  by  Christ  iii. Exhorted  by  Jesus  to  strengthen  his  brethren  

d. Transfiguration  and  Transformation  i. The  prophecy  and  promise  of  the  Cross  ii. Transfiguration:  fullness  of  divine  presence,  action,  glory  iii. Peter’s  three-­‐fold  denial:  from  light  to  darkness  iv. Christ’s  three-­‐fold  affirmation  of  love  and  duty  v. Acts  of  the  Apostles:  Pentecost,  preaching,  Cornelius  the  centurion  

e. The  Call  and  Confession  i. “Follow  me  and  I  will  make  you  become  fishers  of  men.”  ii. Caesarea  Philippi  

1. Old  Testament  background  (I  Kings  4;  Isaiah  22)  2. Physical  setting:  site  of  pagan  worship  3. Two  questions  (Matt.  15:13,  15)  4. Simon  is  renamed  Petros/Kepha  (“Rock”)  5. Appointed  prime  minister;  given  keys  to  the  kingdom  

f. Peter:  apostle  and  Witness  i. Witness  to  the  Resurrection  of  Christ  ii. Witness  to  the  Gospel  iii. Martyred  in  Rome  (c.  A.D.  65)  

 3. Paul  of  Tarsus  

a. Devout  Jew  with  perfect  resume  (Phil.  3:4-­‐7)  b. Youth  and  education  

i. Born  in  Tarsus  (southeastern  Turkey)  ii. A  Roman  citizen  iii. Comfortable  with  Roman,  Hellenistic,  Jewish  cultures  iv. Classical  education;  foremost  a  student  of  Hebrew  Scriptures  v. Student  of  Rabbi  Gamaliel  (Acts  22:3)  vi. A  brilliant,  intense  zealot  vii. Persecutor  of  the  Church,  first  Christians  (Acts  8:1)  

c. Conversion  and  Mission  i. Road  to  Damascus  (Acts  9:3-­‐6;  22:4-­‐11;  26:12-­‐18)  ii. Baptized,  preaching,  studying  iii. Missionary  journeys  iv. Letters  v. Martyred  in  Rome  (c.  A.D.  67)  

d. Paul’s  Theology  of  Resurrection  i. Truth  of  Christ’s  Resurrection:  A  central  theme  in  Paul’s  writings  ii. The  Resurrection  fulfilled  God’s  plan/promises  for  Israel  iii. Those  buried  in  baptism  will  rise  again  (Rom.  6:1-­‐9)  

e. Participation  in  Christ  i. “In  Christ”  appears  often  in  Paul’s  writings  ii. The  New  Covenant  is  entrance  into  God’s  divine  life  iii. The  heart  of  the  covenantal  gift  is  the  Eucharist  iv. Koinania  =  mystical  communion,  fellowship  v. Justification  =  made  right  with  God  by  grace,  through  Christ  vi. Through  faith  we  are  grafted  into  the  power  of  Christ  vii. Conformed  and  transformed  by  love  

   

Catholicism Episode 6: A Body Both Suffering & Glorious: The Mystical Union of Christ and The Church

 1. The  Mystery  of  the  Church  

a. Can  you  define  “Church”  in  a  single  sentence?  b. The  Church  is  not  a  human  invention;  in  Christ,  “like  a  sacrament”  c. The  Church  is  a  Body,  a  living  organism  

i. “I  am  the  vine  and  you  are  the  branches”  (Jn.  15)  ii. The  Mystical  Body  of  Christ  (Mystici  Corporis  Christi,  by  Pius  XII)  iii. Jesus  to  Saul:  “Why  do  you  persecute  me?”  (Acts  9:3-­‐4)  iv. Joan  of  Arc:  The  Church  and  Christ  are  “one  thing”  

2. Ekklesia  a. God  created  the  world  for  communion  with  him  (CCC,  par.  760)  b. Sin  scatters;  God  gathers  

i. God  calls  man  into  the  unity  of  his  family  and  household  (CCC,  par.  1)  ii. God  calls  man  out  of  the  world  

c. The  Church  takes  Christ’s  life  to  the  nations  i. Proclamation  and  evangelization  (Lumen  Gentium,  23)  ii. Renewal  of  the  temporal  order  (Apostolicam  Actuositatem,  13)  

3. Four  Marks  of  the  Church  a. One  

i. The  Church  is  one  because  God  is  One  ii. The  Church  works  to  unite  the  world  in  God  iii. The  Church  works  to  heal  divisions  (ecumenism)  

b. Holy  i. The  Church  is  holy  because  her  Head,  Christ,  is  holy  ii. The  Church  contains  sinners,  but  is  herself  holy  iii. The  Church  is  made  holy  by  God’s  grace  

c. Catholic  i. Kata  holos  =  “according  to  the  whole”  ii. The  Church  is  the  new  Israel,  universal  iii. The  Church  transcends  cultures,  languages,  nationalism  

d. Apostolic  i. From  the  lives,  witness,  and  teachings  of  the  apostles  ii. The  Church  hands  on  Tradition  iii. The  Church  is  hierarchical,  governed  by  priests  iv. Divine  revelation  and  the  development  of  doctrine  

1. No  new  divine  revelation  2. Development  of  doctrine  is  about  growth,  not  change  3. The  Church  is  the  servant  of  the  Word  of  God  

 

Catholicism Episode 7: Word Made Flesh, True Bread of Heaven: The Church’s Sacrament and Worship

 1. Communion  with  the  Lord  

a. Aristotle:  the  best  activities  are  the  most  useless  b. Romano  Guardini:  “The  Playfulness  of  the  Liturgy”  c. Liturgy  exists  for  its  own  sake;  we  “do  liturgy”  because  it  is  good  to  do  d. Mass  is  a  microcosm  of  God’s  right  order  preserved  

2. The  Gathering  a. The  Mass  brings  about  real  unity  amidst  authentic  diversity  b. This  unity  is  focused  on  the  person  of  Jesus  Christ  c. Singing  is  an  embodied  expression  of  harmony  d. We  call  to  mind  our  sins,  acknowledge  our  guilt  and  need  for  forgiveness  e. The  Gloria:  we  render  to  God  due  glory;  we  love  God  for  his  own  sake  

3. The  Telling  of  the  Stories  a. Proclamation   of   the  Word   of   God:   Old   Testament.   New   Testament   epistle,  

Gospel  b. They  draw  us  into  the  biblical  world  and  the  story  of  salvation  c. Scripture,  inspired  by  God,  tells  the  story  of  God  d. Preaching  is  meant  to  bring  about  a  transforming  encounter  e. The  Creed:  the  great  profession  of  faith  

4. The  Offering  a. The  Liturgy  of  the  Eucharist  b. The  offering  of  sacrifices  

i. God  does  not  need  our  sacrifice  ii. Sacrifice  is  an  expression  of  thanksgiving,  dependence  

c. Through  God’s  goodness,  bread  and  wine  are  offered  d. The  Eucharistic  Prayer  

5. The  Real  Presence  a. John  6  contains  some  of  the  most  challenging,  shocking  words  in  the  Bible  b. Miracle  of  the  loaves  and  fishes  (Jn.  6:  11-­‐13)  

i. Prayer,  thanksgiving,  distribution  of  bread  ii. Foreshadowing  the  Last  Supper,  institution  of  the  Eucharist  

c. “It  is  I,  do  not  be  afraid”  (Jn.  6:20):  Similar  to  “I  AM”  (Ex.  3:14)  d. A  series  of  four  exchanges/discourses  marked  by  “Truly,  truly”  

i. The  people  seek  physical  comfort,  not  truth  (Jn.  6:26)  ii. God,  not  Moses,  gave  the  manna  from  heaven  (Jn.  6:32)  iii. Those  who  believe  have  eternal  life  (Jn.  6:47)  iv. Eat  the  flesh  of  the  Son  of  man  and  drink  his  blood  (Jn.  6:53-­‐4)  

e. Jesus  spoke  literally  and  sacramentally  f. Jesus  emphasized  the  scandalous  nature  of  his  words  g. Many   of   the   disciples   drew   away   from   Jesus;   the   Eucharist   is   a   stumbling  

block  h. Peter:  “Lord,  to  whom  shall  we  go?    You  have  the  words  of  eternal  life.”  (Jn.  

6:68)  6. St.  Thomas  Aquinas  and  Transubstantiation  

a. The  great  hymn,  Tantum  Ergo,  Adoro  te  Devote  (Corpus  Christi)  b. Transubstantiation:   the   total   substance   of   bread   and   wine   becomes   the  

substance  of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  c. Key  terms:  truly,  really,  substantially  contained,  etc.  d. The   mystery   of   the   Eucharist   is   closely   related   to   the   mystery   of   the  

incarnation  e. “This  is  my  body”  and  “This  is  the  cup  of  my  blood”  f. Jesus  –  really,  truly,  substantially  present  –  is  now  offered  to  the  Father  

7. “Our  Father”  a. The  fundamental  Christian  prayer  (CCC,  par.  2759)  b. The  summary  of  the  whole  Gospel  (CCC,  par.  2761)  c. The  center  of  the  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  (CCC,  par,  2763)  d. Affirmation  that  we  are  children  of  God,  reborn  through  baptism,  desiring  to  

partake  of  Jesus  Christ  e. The  Eucharist  is  the  sacrament  of  the  kingdom  of  God  

8. Communion  and  Sending  a. Having  received  the  Lord  and  given  thanks,  we  are  blessed  and  sent  b. Transformed,   we   are   sent   to   proclaim   God’s   Word   and   transform   the  

temporal  order    

Catholicism Episode 8: A Vast Company of Witnesses: The Communion of Saints  

1. St.  Katharine  Drexel  a. Birth,  childhood,  family:  devout  Catholic  b. As  a  teenager,  developed  a  detailed  program  for  growth  in  holiness  c. Katharine  and  two  sisters  left  with  large  estate  d. Supported  Indian  missions:  struggled  with  spiritual  turmoil  e. Traveled  to  Europe  and  met  Pope  Leo  XIII  f. Decided  to  become  a  num  and  found  an  order  to  reach  “Indians  and  Colored  

people”  g. Established  outposts,  schools,  a  university,  houses  throughout  the  U.S.  h. Died  on  March  3,  1955,  at  the  age  of  97  i. Justice:  heart  and  soul  of  the  ethical  life  

i. Justice  is  the  virtue  by  which  each  is  given  his  due  ii. Justice  is  the  only  cardinal  virtue  directed  to  the  other  

2. St.  Therese  of  Lisieux  a. Therese:  one  of  the  strangest,  most  fascinating  of  all  the  saints  b. Praise  from  Pope  John  Paul  II,  who  named  her  a  Doctor  of  the  church  in  1997  c. The  significant  influence  of  her  autobiography  d. Difficult  childhood:  physical  illness,  psychological  disturbances  e. Seeking,  at  fifteen,  to  enter  the  convent,  she  went  to  Rome  and  spoke  to  Pope  

Leo  XIII  f. A  month  later,  Therese  was  given  permission  to  enter  Carmel  g. She  called  her  spiritual  path  “the  little  way”;  she  was  the  Little  Flower  h. “My  vocation  is  love!”  i. Intense  physical  and  spiritual  suffering  in  her  final  months  j. Therese   viewed   her   struggle   as   a   participation   in   the   pain   experienced   by  

non-­‐believers  k. Prudence:  the  queen  of  virtues  in  the  classical  tradition  l. Supernatural  prudence  is  “a  moral  sensibility  radically  in  service  of  the  love  

of  God”    3. St.  Edith  Stein  

a. Stein:  Born  1891,  seventh  child  of  pious  Jewish  parents  b. Possessed  precious  literary  gift,  attracted  to  rituals  of  Judaism  c. Becomes  fascinated  with  philosopher  Edmund  Husserl,  phenomenology  d. In  1913,  begins  study  with  Husserl,  works  on  doctorate  e. Her  conversion:  gradual,  interior,  with  much  intellectual  wrestling  f. Read  St.  Teresa  of  Avila’s  autobiography  and  said,  “That  is  the  truth”  g. Entered  the  church  on  January  1,  1922  h. Entered  the  convent  at  Carmel  in  June  of  1933;  final  vows  in  1938  i. Stein   and   her   sister   arrested   in   August   of   1942   by   Gestapo:   “Come   Rosa,  

we’re  going  for  our  people”  j. August   9,   1941:Arrived   at   Auschwitz,  where   they   are  murdered   in   the   gas  

chambers  k. John   Paul   II:   “We   bow   down   before   the   testimony   of   the   life   and   death   of  

Edith  Stein…”  

l. Courage/fortitude:  “constancy  in  the  pursuit  of  the  good”  (CCC,  par.  1808)  m. Transfigured  by  grace,  it  becomes  a  moral  resistance  of  fear,  informed  by  the  

love  of  Christ  4. Blessed  Teresa  of  Calcutta  

a. Born  Agnes  Gonxha  Bojaxhiu  on  August  26,  1910  in  Skopje,  Serbia  b. Felt  called  to  religious  life  at  a  young  age  c. Joined  the  Loreto  Sisters  d. Learned  English  in  Ireland  and  went  to  India  to  teach  e. This  encounter  with  poverty  stirred  her  compassion  for  the  poor  f. On  the  train  to  Darjeeling,  she  felt  called  to  devote  herself  to  serve  the  poor  g. Founded  the  Missionaries  of  Charity  h. Missionaries  of  Charity  formed  in  Jesuit  and  Franciscan  spirituality  i. Lived  a  life  of  radical  poverty,  service  and  prayer  j. Nobel  Peace  Prize  in  1979  k. Experienced  aching  sense  of  God’s  absence  l. Participation  in  Christ’s  Passion  m. Elevated  Temperance:  disciplining  of  the  desires  to  serve  the  demand  to  love  

Catholicism Episode 9: The Fire of His Love: Prayer and the Life of the Spirit  

1. The  Fire  of  His  Love:  Prayer  and  the  Life  of  the  Spirit  a. What  is  prayer?  b. There  are  many  forms  and  expressions  of  prayer  c. Prayer  is  the  conscious  communion  with  the  Source  of  all  that  is  d. Three  basic  types  of  prayer:  adoration,  petition,  and  contemplation  

2. Beginning  with  Thomas  Merton  a. One   of   the   best-­‐known   and   most   influential   Catholic   authors   of   the   past  

century  i. Most  famous  book:  The  Seven  Storey  Mountain  (1948),  the  story  of  his  conversion  

ii. Dozens  of  other  books  as  well  as  essays  and  poetry  b. Nomadic  childhood:  New  York,  Bermuda,  France,  England  c. Rome  in  1933:  Spiritual  awakening,  while  visiting  churches  d. Columbia  University  (1935)  and  “Catholic  atmosphere”  e. Purchased  Etienne  Gilson’s  The  Spirit  of  Medieval  Philosophy  

i. A  “big  concept”:  the  nature  of  God’s  existence  ii. God  is  the  sheer  act  of  being  itself  

f. Began  attending  Mass  at  Church  of  Corpus  Christi  g. Entered  the  Church  on  November  16,  1938  h. In   December   1942,   entered   the   monastery   at   the   Abbey   of   Our   Lady   of  

Gethsemane  i. At  Gethsemane,  Merton  felt  the  power  of  adoratio,  or  adoration  of  God  

3. St.  John  of  the  Cross  a. Mystic,  poet,  and  Doctor  of  the  Church  b. Became  a  Carmelite  friar  in  1563  c. Met  Teresa  of  Avila,  who  convinced  him  to   join  the  reform  of   the  Carmelite  

order  d. Kidnapped,  imprisoned,  and  beaten  by  Calced  Carmelites  e. During   imprisonment,   he   began   composing   poems   and   commentary   in   his  

mind  i. The  Ascent  of  Mount  Carmel  (1579-­‐1585)  ii. The  Dark  Night  of  the  Soul  (1582-­‐1585)  iii. The  Spiritual  Canticle  (finished  in  1591)  iv. The  Living  Flame  of  Love  (finished  in  1591)  

f. Fundamental  principle:  God  is  All,  the  creature  is  nothing  g. His   books   describe   and   explain   the   purification   of   the   soul   and  union  with  

God  h. The  “purgative  way”:  ridding  ourselves  of  attachments,  substitutes  for  God  i. The   “dark  night   of   the   soul”:   letting   go  of   even   concepts   and   images  of   the  

mind  j. The  mystical  marriage  between  Christ  and  the  individual  soul  

 4. St.  Teresa  of  Avila  

a. Reformer,  Doctor  of  the  Church,  authority  on  the  theology  of  prayer  b. Entered  the  Carmelite  monastery  at  Avila  in  November  of  1536  c. Determined  efforts  to  achieve  perfection;  serious  illness  d. At  the  age  of  forty,  began  experiencing  intense  mystical  visitations  

i. Lapse  into  ecstasy:;  lying  still;  levitation;  “transverbation”  ii. Described  in  her  autobiography,  The  Life  of  Teresa  of  Jesus  iii. Other  major  works;  The  Way  of  Perfection  and  The  Interior  Castle  

e. Contemplation  for  Teresa  was  an  experienced,  mutual  presence,  “an  intimate  sharing  between  friends”  

f. “God  alone  suffices”  5. Prayer  of  Petition  

a. Petition   is   a   fundamental   form   of   prayer,   the   most   common   in   Scripture  (“Our  Father”)  

b. Petitionary  prayer  comes  from  the  deepest  part  of  the  heart  and  soul  c. “Ask,  and  it  will  be  given  to  you;  seek,  and  you  will  find…”  (Matt.  7:7-­‐8)  d. God  knows  what  we  need,  but  wishes  to  hear  our  requests  e. St.  Augustine:  prayer  expands  our  hearts  for  God’s  gifts  f. Jesus’s  prayer  to  the  Father:  “Thy  will  be  done.”  

6. “They’re  All  Shining  Like  the  Sun”  a. Merton’s  last  twenty-­‐seven  years  spent  at  the  Abbey  of  Gethsemane,  writing  

and  praying  b. To  contemplate  is  to  waken  the  deepest  center  c. Contemplation  is  not  just  for  mystics  but  for  every  Christian  d. 1950s:  Merton  in  Louisville  

Catholicism Episode 10: World Without End: The Last Things  

1. Eschatology:  The  Last  Things  a. The  four  last  things:  death,  judgment,  hell,  and  heaven  b. Eschatology  (eschata),  means  “the  final  things”  

i. General  eschatology:  the  “big-­‐picture”  and  the  end  of  time  ii. Individual  eschatology:  each  person’s  afterlife,  final  destination  

c. Church   teaching   on   heaven,   hell,   and   purgatory   are   fascinating   to   some,  upsetting  to  many  others  

d. Popular  culture  has  many  references  to  the  after  life,  ghosts,  angels  2. Beginning  with  Dante  

a. The  Inferno:  Dante  is  led  through  Hell  by  the  poet,  Virgil  b. The  Devil  is  not  in  flames,  but  encased  in  ice,  with  wings  and  three  faces  c. Hell  is  full  of  sadness,  self-­‐absorption,  isolation,  loneliness  d. Why  is  Satan  in  Hell?    He  chose  it  e. Hell  is  the  state  that  follows  from  refusing  divine  love  f. C.S.  Lewis:  the  love  of  God  lights  up  the  fires  of  Hell  g. Catechism:  Hell  “consists  of  eternal  separation  from  God  (par.  1057)  

3. Purgatory  a. Often  dismissed  as  “medieval”  or  “superstitious”  b. Catechism:  purgatory  is  for  those  who  “die  in  God’s  grace  and  friendship”  but  

need  to  be  fully  purified  (par.  1030-­‐31)  c. Mortal  and  venial  sins  (1  Jn.  5:16-­‐17)  d. Purgatory   is   not   a   destination,   but   a   continuation   and   completion   of  

sanctification  e. C.S.  Lewis:  Purgatory  is  the  washroom  of  heaven  f. Biblical  foundations  

i. 2  Macc.  12:42-­‐46:  Prayers  for  the  dead  ii. Matt.  12:32:  Forgiveness  in  this  age  and  the  age  to  come  iii. 1  Cor.  3:  The  fire  will  test  the  work  of  each  man  

g. Dante:  Mount  Purgatory  and  the  seven  deadly  sins  4. Angels  and  Devils  

a. Angels  b. Devil  

5. Heaven  a. Heaven  is  communion  of  life  and  love  with  the  Trinity  (CCC,  par.  1024)  b. Faith,  hope,  love  –  “the  greatest  of  these  is  love”  (1  Cor.  13:13)  c. No  need  for  faith  (fulfilled)  or  hope  (realized)  in  heaven  d. Many  different  images  and  descriptions  of  heaven  

i. The  beatific  vision:  perfect  happiness  ii. Unending  beauty  iii. Household  of  God,  communion  of  saints  iv. The  heavenly  Jerusalem,  a  city  of  life