320,105 NEW.

l K

·Areas

From

From Govan MbekiPORT ELIZABETH.

THE decision of the BantuAdministration Depart-

ment to enforce strictly theprovisions of the influx con­trol regulations has dealt acrippling blow to secondaryeducation.

In a circular letter issued to ­wards the end of last yea r schoolboards and principal teachers inurban areas were instructed to re­fuse admission to chi ld ren comingfrom outs ide the urba n area inwhich the school is situated . Thisis affecting the secondary schoolsmost un favourably.

MAY CLOSE DOWNIn some urban locations there is

on ly one primary school fro mwhic h the pupils for the second­ary are drawn. In such a reas theschools are threatened wit h clo ­sure. In almost all these seconda ryscho ols 75% of the pupils en ­rolled cqm e from peri-ur ban areasand the reserves.

In the small er town s such asGraharnstown, Kingwilliarns town ,Queensto wn a nd K okstad the ef­fect of the order has been to re­duce the number of th ose to beadm itted when the schools reopento so small a number that someclass r ooms will not be occupied .The only justification for keepingthese schools open will be to allowthe pupils in the second and fh irdyear to complete their education.

Also according to the grading ofthe Standard VI pa sses in to first ,second an d dl ird class , only firs tclass passes are to be alIowed to

(Continued on pag e 3)

SA

BarredUrban

IN RS

•In

PA

This is the mode l of the Soviet mOO D rocket DO W on display at ~

space travel exhibiti on in Pra21'C,

ChildrenSchools

CATION

and demanded a meeting to re ­dress their grievances.

" We are underp aid yet we areforced to work at the point of astick," said the workers.

The manager and indunas a t­tem pted to pacify them but themine police began to molest theworkers. As a result the indign a­tion of the workers knew nobounds.

ATTACKED

In fu riated , they attacked themin e police and indunas. Thecompound manager ran an dlocked himself u p in one of theoffices.

The workers were hacking atthe door with pick s when SouthAfrican police reinforcementsarrived on the scene.

Meanwhile the windows of allthe offices were broken withstone-throwing and a sto re-roomand its contents were burnt. Atruck and a car bel onging to onehated induna were set alight.

The police made several batoncharges on the workers and oneworker was shot th rough the leg .but an ugly blood bath was nre­vented when one police officershouted to his men: " No shoot­in2."

Further infuriated by policeaction, some workers went on to

(Continued on page 5)

6d.

VIRGINIA RIOTS­ALLE E BEATIN S

BY POLICE

The deputation that protested to fhe Administrator, Dr. du Plessis, against his Coloured vo te plan:from the ltft, tr. B. D ~ es-C ~{ J tiee Centlivres, Councillor H. E. Parker, Mrs. M. G. Ro·

berts, Councillor E. A. Deane and Mr. H. A. Wr~ht.

An on-the-spot report fromTennyson Makiwane

VIRGINIA (O.F.S.)OVER 200 African mine-

workers of No. 1 shafthere were arrested after theriots on T uesday of last weekwhich were one of the biggestdisturbances ever experiencedon the Free State goldfields.

T he workers, charged with pub­lic violence, are now awaitingtrial in Ventersburg jail.

T he cause of the trouble,according to many mlaeworkerainterviewed by New Age, was thebad treatment meted out to theworkers. Mine police, instructedbv an induna who was in chargeof the Basuto section. made adailv pract ice of assaulting th eworkers with stick s and beltsWhen they woke them up forduty.

The workers complained direct­ly to the compou nd managerabout this sort of treatm ent , butobtained no satisfaction.

DEM ANDED MEET ING

On the T uesday afternoon alarge batch of undergroundworkers refused to go 9P duty

SOUTHERN EDITION T hursday, J anua ry 15, 1959

Vol. 5, No. 13 Registered a t the G .P.O. as a Newspaper

Restoreyourfaithin nylons

VOTE DEPUTATIONSEES

ADMINISTRATORCAPE TOWN.

To disfranchise tbe Cane Col­oured mu nicipal vote"; would

be grossly mischievous in itseffects on all groups and wouldplace the administration of civicaffairs in the complete control ofEuropeans with consequent lessen­ing oC infer- ra cial goodwill andun derstandina, .

T his was the tone of the memo­ra ndum submitted to the Admini­strator of the Cape Province by adeputation from the Com mitteefor the D efence of the Non-racialMu nici pal Franchise,

Th ose on the depu tat ion wereex-Chief Ju stice Van Ocr SandtCentlivres , Mr. Barn ey D esai(SACPO vice-president ). Council­lors H. E. Parker and E. A .D eane. Mrs. M. G. R oberts a ndMr. H . A. Wrigh t.

NO SUBSTITUTE"The pro posal to estab lish local

boards for Coloured G ro up Areaswould . p rovide no substitute forthe existing eivie right ..," the me­morandum sta ted. "It would haveno effect in Q'cl'l\~tm~ the iniu'\ticc'\and hardships,

"We are entirely opposed to theGroup Areas Act and its imple­mentation an d we do not believeit to. be capable of implementationwith out th e grossest in iustice tothe non-white peoples. and indeedto man y members of the whitegroup too."

Even if the Act was imple­mented , the memorandum said ,the most it could do' wou ld be tobring about some measure ofseparation between Coloured andother groups. The vast bulk ofColoured residents would con tinue

(Continued on page 6)

For sheerelegance andextra hard wear

buy Goldor15 denier."High Twist"nylon in 51 and60 gauge

and fine mesh.

, 2 NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, f959---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _....:..- -- - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - --------- ----

LIBERALS UST DRO HEIRANTI-COM UN SM

OB SERVER.

Unity Movementsays Former

AND THETRIAL

The Fight,Officialnece ssity move alo ng .he roadto sp lits and splinte rs. isolationa nd sectaria nism , a nd finall ydea th . The masses sho uld notbe deceived b y the apparen t spli tin the NEUM. T here is s tiJl afactor tha t will un ite the Anti­Cad and the AAC. An d thi s isnothing but their com mon prac­tice of non-commitment whichthey ca ll " non-colla bora tion"a nd thei r common absenteeis mwhich they ca ll "boycott ."

EX-SEC RE T ARYSon s of Young

Africa Branch .Johannesburg .

* * •Block Supremacy

T he Natio na lism of the Afri­canists is narrow, shallow andchauvin istic. for example theywan t to substitu te Black oppres ­sion in plac e of White o ppres­sion. Who wants oppression?No one , Who wants triba lism ?N o one.

The A.N.C . is co ncern ed wit ha mulni-racial A fr ica a nd notwith on e racia l group, hen ce itsadoption of th e F reedom Ch ar­tc:r by the fo ur active Con gresses.1 hus they want equ ality, free­dom and brotherhood irrespec­tive of col our. rac e or creed.

DAVlDSON KAKANABizana, E. Pondoland. '

BoycottsSOYA

PAlLIA E TTREASON

. .

.£ DI TQR IA L. . .

One group led by M r. Tsotsimade exp licit the unquestionablefac t tha t th e " NEU M" concernis not the squa lo r and pov ertyof the vast maj o rity in SouthAfrica .

T he N E U M, he said. standsfo r a "progressive" Capitalism,Capitalism is declining and rot­ting the worl d over. H ow evercan it be progressive in SouthAfrica whose present and fatemust depend on world Capital­ism?

M r. T sotsi turned hi s ba ck onth e workers a nd thei r m ise rablewo rki ng conditions the;" NEU M". he sa id, has nothingto do wi th Trade Unions. Un­mindfu l of the p over ty of thepeople of th e reserves the"NEUM" stands for the " r ightto buy and sell land" - certa in ­ly mindfu l th at he has th e ca pitalto "buy and sell land."

For many years now the Con­gress Movement has withstooda ll the attacks and sa bota ge fromthe "NEUM". Ind eed , the onefacto r. that ha s always given theN EUM a sembla nce of unityis their sa botage o f AN C theonly m a ss movem ent in theco un try. But no political organi ­sa tion can hope to sus ta in itselfas scabs of mass resistance move­ments. The N EUM must of

N EXT week a new session of Parliament opens in Ca peTown- and a new session of the treason tr ial in Pretoria.

- There is a direct connection between the two events .Tn Cape Town Premier Verwoerd will appear before an all·

White Parliament to show the country and the world how togovern in the interests of Europeans only. Arrogant with hiselection success. he will feel called upon to outdo his twopredecessors. Malan and Strijdorn, in his unswerving deterrni­nation to push ahead with the apartheid programme. This mustbe a Verwoerd session. bearing the Verwoerd stamp, theunmistakable sign of divine inspi ration. It will be a sessionmarked by Nationalist inflexibility and contempt for the massof the people. We can quite safely expect the worst.

In Pretoria the leaders of the disfranchised four-fifths of thepopulation, who have earned the Government 's displeasurebecause they have dared to ask for votes for all and the rightto sit in Parliament, will appe ar on trial again, charged withtreason . Th ere will be only 30 of them this time, but ano ther61 are due to appe ar in April. •

The juxtaposition of these two events epitomises the conflictwhich racks our country. On the one hand, the upholders ofWhite supremacy foregather with a fanfare of trumpets tomake the laws that all must live and labour under. On theother hand. the men and women who have led the fight forfreedom and equality which constitutes the only real opposi­tion to Government policies, are placed on trial for the ir lives.

We are not at liberty to discuss the issues in the treasontrial. but we can say this: if the 156 who were arrested onDecember 5. 1956, were to take the place of the 163 who sitin the House of Assembly. South Africa would find relief fromits racial torment. Group areas, the pass laws, populationregistration and job reservation would be swept away. Whitesupremacy would be replaced by democratic rights for all,fear and hatred by co-operation and harmony.

With the Parliamentary opposition tamed, a great respons­ibility now rests on all true democrats to do everything in theirpower to strengthen the mass opposition outside Parliamentwhich is the only force capable of brineing about a change.This is not the time to sit mesmerised while- the magician Ver­woerd performs hiS tricks. Let us renew our pledge to standby our leaders who are on trial: and let us show that we meanbusiness by raising to new heights the struggle for democraticrights which they have so clearly marked out for us.

h as encouraged th e wo rkers tojoi n tra de un ion s. for they ha veseen th a t their sa lvat ion lies intheir Trade Unions. "Trad eUn ions make us Strong." Theres ponse of workers to T radeuni oni sm this' year has bee ndou bled .

Let us fight explo ita tion. an dgain .h igher wages which willlead Us to a de cent wa y of liv ing .Away with starvation wages, forwe are dying of h unger.

H . K. SINANA.Por t Elizabeth.

JARfRETUNDUKOZON G UI ZI.

Windhoek. S.W.A.

On December 4. 1958. M r.T oivo and T left C ape Town ,being seen off by two well -knownSpecial Branch Africans, one ofwhom remarked that M r. Toivoshould " carryon the struggle."Some o f our A.N .C. f rien ds onthe stati on told li S that th is par­ticu lar chap had meant what hesa id .

Leaving Cape Town on T hurs­day on e a rrives in Windhoek onSunday morning. W e knew thatmen from the loc al C.J .D. wouldbe at the W indhoek station tomeet us . so we decided to breakour journey at K eetmanshoopwhere we were received by manyof our frie nds there .

So we are back home with am ission. One th in g w hich weca nno t h ide is ou r declaration ofwar against oppression , explo i­ta tio n a nd any fo rm of humilia­t ion and White baassk ap,

The struggle for liberation in'South West Africa has so farbeen cent red around the UnitedN a tions a nd politics ha ve alwa ysbeen on a tribal ba sis. Our reso­lution for New Ye ar is to wo rkfor the national unity of th evarious tribes in S.W.A. and con'centrat e on th e or ga nisation ofthe people at home in to a strongpoli tical force.

T his is no easv job but we areconfi dent th at with determinationa nd inspiration from the AII­African Peopl e's Conferen ce weshall su rge fo rward to ult im at elibera tion .

TWO SOUTH WESTAFRICANS ARRIVE

HOME

A CHARACTERISTIC featureof all All-Afr ican Conven­

tion Conferences ("Unitv Move­ment Breaks UP ." N ew A~e, lastweek) it the lack of reports onactivities of the oraanlsatlon, Asus ual. not a sin~le delegate a ttheir conference last monthshowed han ds soi led with pol iti­cal mass activity .

In the Rand bus boycot t, thewomen 's pass resistance move­ment. a nti-group areas, andman y other stru ggles, the AAChas rema ine d deaf and mute.

N ot a sing le word was utteredas a d irective to launch th e A ACinto mass activity in future. Ab­sentee ism and non-commitmentin the polit ical mass stru ggle stillremains a ma rked feature of theAAC and the rest of the"NEUM."

Freed from the atmosphere ofmass ac tivi ty. the AAC Con­fe rence unsurprisingly becomesa h ol iday where newspaper-fed" intellectuals" me et to makespeeches and spawn a hundredand one theories a ll unrelated tomass activity, point fingers a teach other in a holi er-than -th ou­art fash ion and. at the end. gohack home a disunited "UnityMovement" to ca ri y o ut nothingbut strictly professional ca ree rsas school teachers.

Cape Town.• :I: *

beral lea dership fume and foa mat the mouth at the mer e men ­tio n of Communism , Social ismor the Soviet Union .

They are dead afra id of be in gmista ken fo r Communists and sothey h a v e co nstitutionalisedthemselves aga inst this disease.but snll fearful they rub it inevery t trne - ou tside theirpnnted constitut ion.

At the time when Verwoerdis plead ing with his Wes ternwo rld for better " unders tan di ng"of his most respectable an d mo streactiona ry of all such We sterngo vern ments. the se Liberals arefalling over each other in thei rorotestat ions th a t in fact it isTHEY who are the rea l mission­aries who fight ag aist th e ev il o fCommunism or any such ism.

It a ppears that these Liberalshave now become pa rt a nd par­cel of th e Western, pa rt icula rlyAmerican-B riti sh, Cold Warmachine which. sensing the waythe African giant is turn ing. areputt ing everything in their effo rtsto preven t the rea l cu lprit fromsuffering by deflecting th e wrathon the Africa ns' nea rest friends.

Come on, real and sincereLiberals, stop this da ngero usnonsense an d do the good andtrue th ing to the people whosevote you see k.

Cape Nurses ,Boycotted Apartheid

CcnferenceIn a letter headed "Non­

European Nurses will never ac­cept a pa r the id" In yo ut issue ofJ an ua ry I. M rs. Mvabaza onbeha lf of th e Federation of S.A.Nurses writes tha t

"A lthou gh a number ofN on -European s recently metin P reto ria a nd Ca ve Townas aparthei d bran ch es underthe So uth Af rican NursingAssoc iation .. . "If Mrs, Mvabaza is referring

to the Conference convened byth e S.A. Nursin g Asso c ia tion fo rC oloured Nurses which wassch eduled to take nla ce at theR etreat H o tel. Cane T own. iustprio r to th e Con fe rence forWhite nurses, th en she has beenmisinfo rmed. for it did not tak eplace. T he ve nue was ch an gedat the last minu te to Pretoriaand ac co rd ing to. the latest S.A.Nursing Journal. on ly th reeh ra nch es were renrese nte d, Pre.to ria its elf being one of them .

M rs. Mvabaza 's le tter givesthe im pression that Non-Euro­pean nurses in Cane Town havesunported ana rtheid by attend- 'inc such a confere nce. but in factwhe n th e S.A. Nursing Associa ­t ion en deavoured some t ime agoto hold a mee ting to d iscuss theformatio n of a separa te branchfor Coloured n urses, in CapeTown, it wa s boycotted .

NANCY DICK.

Away with StarvationWages

The mon ey-greedy employers,whose main aim is to exploit thewor kers. used the ir fou l tacticsin order to in tim ida te thework ers. Towards the end oflast year some firms d ismisseda huge number of workers, inthe hone that they w ill refr a infrom plavinc a pa rt in the tradeunion movem en t.

This move by th e employers

Cape T own .• * •

The Li berals sho uld not hesi­tat e to co-operate wuh ea ch a ndevery grou p tha t is figh ting forfreedom.

Wh at motivates me to say thi sis the alt itude the Liberals adoptconce rni ng the Communists.

The Liberals have on e th ingin common with the Corn rnun­ists - th e u pl rltment of the a r­t ificiall y poor. the spea rhead ofthe whole venture being ou rCon gresses. '

The Li bel als should a lso re­mem ber when Hitl er 's Germanythreatened the world Commu nistRussia and ca pitalis t Euro pejoined forces against the mon stertha t ai med at dest ro ying bot h ofth em.

So thes e two sho uld fo r thepre sent bu ry their d ifferen ces a ndspa re no time in th e ir fight forhuman r igh ts. They ma y settlethe ir a ccounts la ter .

W. M . KOBO.Por t El izabeth.

Like th e African ists a nd UnityGroup. so me Li be ral s are n owbusy destroying rather than con­structing. Some among the Li-

* * *Not Miracles But

Hard CashThe holida y season is now

definitely ove r, a nd life is backto no rmal agai n - if anythingcan be called no rm al in th isracer-ridde n. V erwoerd -curscdcountry.

An d life. except for the bri efper iods of festi vity whe n wethrow our cares overb oa rd .me a ns struggle. In our countr y ,hard a nd bi tter struzale tomain ta in and defend the hu­man values whi ch the Nation­a ll <; t~ are doing th eir best tosubmerge.

T h is will he a tough yearfo r eve ryone. a nd no t le ast fOINew Age. We sha ll ha ve tofi!!ht to "keep our pancr in ci r­. u la tion ; h .n der th an eve)before. judg ing by presentnO I ten ts,

The tendencv to take NewAge fo r granted the belief th atthe pa per "will manage some­ho w or o th e r." m u- t be knock­ed on the hea d. Not miraclesbut hard cas h is what keepsour paper going.

New Age is, as a lways. en­tirely in your hands. To su r­vive. we sha ll ne ed every pen nyyou can spare, a nd all the helpvou can give us in other direc ­tions . includ ing circu la tio n.

Yo u can ma ke 1959 a nothe ryear of victory fo r o ur pap er- o r. th rough neglect. a yearof sh ameful defeat.

IT IS UP TO YOU !T H IS W.EE K ·S DON ATIONSCa pe Town:

A, H. £1 I.,., S. M. 2s.. C. G .[I . G. M. 95.• J . & H. £50,Sacred River £5. S. A. £2, C. R .l Os., All y Siste rs £1. Chem£I 1s.• Lat ke £2. P remie r 10, ..1. S. £1, M . W. 10.,.• R . P.£1, F. S. £1. Harry £1. Ro bot£1, M. G. £1. B. £1. A. B. £2.Engel £1. Dr. K . £1 , S. R . lOs.•Anon £5.Johannesbunn

Pla yboy £3, H. P. R . £3.Ju d y £5. Pa rkwood £1. Bobby£5. Xmas Box £25. Collection's£7 10c;.. lssv £2, Jeppe 2s.Port Elizabeth:

D oc £ 1, Zcnzi Ie 2~. , Friends£7 lOs.

TOTAL- -£1 41 17s , Od,

NEW AGE. JANUARY 15. 1959 3

"Stand Firm on MeetingsBan", Citizens urge Jo'burq

Council

PROGAN RADIO

sl ight est d oubt tha t he key toun derstand ing what 's happen­1I1g 111 South Africa is the factth at a handful of wb te master sa re te rrified that the majorit yo f the population wan t demo­cracy in their own country?And that the South AfricanGovernment is a governmentof the wh ite master; employ­ing vicious, fascist measui es tokeep the black majuri ty fromgetting th a t democracy? ...

"The workina people of theworld have a duty to hrin!:pressure on the So uth AfricanGovernment and to co ndemn itas a fascis t l,!o verment. We inNew Zeala nd have a spec ialo pport unity.

"There must be a campaignbi2 enough to see th at th eleaders of the New ZealandRU2b y U nion are not permit­ted to disgraca New Zealandby making a ny concessio n tothe fasc ist theories of a deca­dent rulin sz class."

For Concerts, Part ie<; , F ete<;,Sport<; , General Gatherings. etc.

P hone 69-1028 R es. 69-3337

BOOKKEEPER ;{VAILA BLE

Bookkeeper specialise small

bus inesses Cape Town and ' Su­

burbs. Available evening<; an d

week-ends. Phone 6-1736.

liberties was both reckless -andirrespons ible. It was recogni sed byall decent peopl e that, far fromend an gerin g the peaceful co­ex istence of ,.the p eople, the mixedgat herings enhanced racial har­mony and understan di ng ."

COD: "The enormi ty of wh atthe Min ister p roposes has not yetbecome apparent to eve ryone.Under the ban - it was not onlym ixed parties that would be pro­hibi ted but mixed mee tings aswell. T he people should not allowth7 government to get away wi tht~I S further infri ngement of ou rfights ." .

T he statement of the Women'sFede ra tio n was couched in simi larter ms. \

There is hkely to be legal actionfor damages agai nst the Ministerby some or all of th e 13 indivi­d uals named as pe rsons who he ldm ixed so cia l gatheslngs at which"excesses" to ok place, One of thethirteen will probabl y . instituteproceed ings to start with as a kindof " tes t case ."

This Thursdav too J ohannes­burg's City Cou ncil has a deputa­tion to see the Mi nister in Pre­toria .

SOUND SYSTEM FOR H IRE

Sacco and VanzettiA bill intro duced into the Ma5­

such use tts (U.S,A.) legisla tu re asksfor a po sthumous pardo n for t hetwo work in~-class leaders, Saccoa nd Va nzctti , who wer e pu t todeath in that state in 192 7 on afra med-up ch arg e o f murder.

T he bill was introduced by Re­presenta tive A. J. Cella to correct" a n historic injus tice." T he execu­tIon of Sacco a nd Van zetti causeda n interna tional fu rore which hasma de the ir names syno nymou<;with injust ice.

NEW ZEALAND ATTACK ONS. . TOUR PROPOSAL

AN a ll-ou t attack on theproposal to exclude Mao­

ris from the New Zealand rug­by team to tou r South Africain 1960 ha s been made by th eNew Zealand paper 'ThePeople' s Voice."

In a featu re ar ticle headed :"So uth African Rugb y T our­New Zealand 's Opportunity tofight Rac ism ," the paper sa ys :"Either we set a standard o fdecency with whi ch the SouthAfrican ru lers must conform;

. o r th ey set one o f best ial it ywith which we must conform.

"We can only sa y : The NewZealand A ll Blacks for 1960will be chosen on mer it, re ­ga rdless of whe the r Pa keha orMaori. South Af rica ca n ac ­cept thi s tea m or there will benone . ..

"O ur ru gb y moguls say th a t'n obod v can understand thep roblem s in South Af: ica un ­less th ey have been there.Does anybod y need to have the

t -= ===I

central issue in the tria l.Of th e 30 accused, 2 1 re side in

J oh annesburg, 8 come from theEastern Cape and one f rom Natal.T here a re no accused from theWes tern Cape, the Free State orfor that ma tter Pretor ia where th etrial is being held. •

Up to now nothing has beenheard as to whether the other 61accused. who were covered by thefirvt mdictrnent, will be re -indictedor not. T hei r tr ial is due to startin April.

T he names of the 30 are :Farid Adams, H elen J oseph ,

A. M. Kathrada, Lean Levy, Stan­ley Lo lla n, N . R. Maudela, LeslieMassin a, P. Mathole. Pa t M ol aoa,Joseph Mol ife, M. Mool la, P. Mo ­rets ele, P. Nene, Lillian Ngoyi, J.Nk adimeng, Duma Nokwe, RRc sha , P. Se lepe, G ert Si bande ,W. C,o~co, T. E. Tshunungwa, S.Mka lipi , C. Mayekiso, W. Mkwa­y i, B. Ndimba, J. Nkarnpeni, FNtsanga ni, T. Tsh ume, SimonT yiki a nd W . M. Sisulu.

BANTU EDUCATION_(Continued from page I}

co nt inue with seconda ry education.On thi s ba sis the 1958 exarnma­tio n re sults showed th at o f the70 % who passed less than 5 % JOHAN NESBURG .obtaine d a firs t class pass , while LAST week o ppos ition was st illa bo ut 40 % o btai ned leaving cer - m ounting to the proposed bantifica tes. on mixed gatherings he re . Scores

IT'S T HE LAW of telegrams were sent by J oh an-But when it bec ame evide nt that nesburg citizens to th e mayor and

there . wo ul d be hardl y any new the city council urging the m torecruits, {he secondary schools assist in the defence of the free­were Instructed to adrai t eve n the dorn of association. So me of theth ird class pass es- a ltho ugh these messa ges. dem anded th at a publica re normally regarded as failures mee ting of the people of the cityYet sti ll for th e fi l st time in the be conve ned. Mean wh ile to con ­last 5 years the urban sccondar, so lidu te th e opposition to ttu sschools have far more acc ornmo- threat proposals were being putda tion than th ey know what to do fo rward for the calling of an all­with. in con ference of pro gressive orga-

Pa ren ts are besieging head- nisations.masters who tell th em th at th ey GOVT'S CASEhave room bu t are p revented from From his hospital bed whe re headmitting pupils who live outside underwent a minor operation,the urban a reas. In so me areas Ministe r of Bantu Adrnimsu a tio nparen ts have taken up th e matte r De Wet Nel la shed out a t thewith the local schoo l inspec tor, bUI Englrsh press and the City Counc ileve rywhe re the reply is : " It's th e churning th at he had been m is­law . Wh at can I do ?" represe nted. Asked by New Age

The net result is that children .0 clanfy the position Mr. Prins­in certain areas arc being forced la o, ch ief information officer,10 swell the army of cheap labour sa id :that is Increasingly beina directed "The Ministe r' s ban referred toto the farms as unemployment in - gatherings." He (the M in ister) hadcreases in the industrial arca r. then dc/ined the types of gather-

Children in the Walmer , Vee - mg5 he was rcfen mg to .plaat s a nd Klcinsk ool a reas a re Asked what those gather ing suna blc to gai n admission int o th e weie M r. Prinslo o re p lied rrn­two secondary schoo ls at New patien t ly: " Yo u r newspaperBrighton. ~he same condit ions pre - knows, the Rand Dai ly Mail a lsova il for child ren wh ose homes ,11~ know s, evervbo dv kn ows th e meet ­wit hin a radius a t two rmles o f ings referred to. ;'the town . such as in the location "> J hei e WU5 no sense in issu ingd r 0 u n d Queenstown , Kokstad. banning notices in I cspect of cer­Kingw illiamstown and simi la r t.un houses, he s.ud , because th etown s. people cancel ned would hold th e- Acco rdin g to the en ro lmen t mccungv In th e ne xt house,some o f these scho o ls 01 1c ao.ng to Many leading people. how eve r,lose th eir gra nts witlu n the firvt feel stro ngly th at even if the banqu arter. The re trenched te.l - only prevent ed hou se part ies, thi .,ch er s will hav e no ch Oice but to was in itself a scrious inlo dd O ilJoin thc ran ks of the WOIking thc pc r~ona l libel tics of the peo ­c1a'is, as is already ha ppening pie. Self-respe ctang citizens wo uldwith scores of primal y schaul tea- be subjected to endless " snoop ;ng ,chers in th e Reserves. by the police.

The 'num ber o f the teacher - A E uro pea n f,tmily \h lul d betram ps is abo be ing mcrea <;cd by Hable to prosecu'lon rN mClel ythe students who qua lified a t Fai t IN VIT ING A N A FRIC AN T OHare at the end o f the year and TEA OR DIN NER .are un able to find em ploym ent. CONGRESS VIEW

LABOUR SQUADS Am 0 n g s t the o rgan isationsMeanwhile the humiliating a 'i- which issued sta tements la st week

peets of Verw oerd's slav e educa- were th e A. N.C., the C. O .D , andtion arc being e,Morced vigorous- the Federation of South AfricanIy. Recentl y school children spent Women.nearly a fortnight in a labour T he ANC statement sta te" intercamp in the Kingwilli am stown alia:district. 'I hey were constructmg a 'This is an int el rerem:c bv lIteroad fo r the BAD officials wh o Min i~!..e r whieh no t only affectedwanted to visit new schools in the the righ ts of the Non-Europeansarea. Teachers and sub-mspectors but those of the E ur o peans assupervised th ese ro ad squa ds . well. This inva<;ion of personal

numerous occasions by theaccused and was in ten de d to meanand was accepted by the Crown tomean a ma ximum period of fiveyears from J une 26, 1955, on ­wards.T he re are a nu mber of differences

between th is indictmen t a nd pre­VIO US ones and the mos t im po rt­am is th e greatly increased em­phasrs placed by the C rown onthe e1emcnt of violence. In the oldind ictment it was alleged a specia lco rps of Fre edom Volunteers wasrecruited and organised. To this i~

now added the a llegatron tha t theVolunteers were " to be prep aredfor acts ef violence."

T o the allegat ion of advocati ngth e Marxist-Lenin ist doc tr ine areadde d th e words " in which doc­trrnc th e re IS inherent th e use ofvio lence to establish a Co mmun­ist State." In the section of theind ictment dealing with the C.O.P.and Freedom Charter it is nowalleged the ac hievement of thecharter dem ands would "necessa­n ly involve the overthrow of thestate by violence:

T he lawyers judge there fore th atthe Crown has accepted the con­ten tion that violence is an essen­tial element in the cri me of trea­son an d h is will a pparently be the

Stiff Battle, Likely WhenTreason Trial Re-opens\\In O ur Lifetime " Means 5 Years, Says Crown

1."HE treason trial opening inPretoria next Monday will

see yet anot her vigorous de­fence attack on the Crown'sindictment.

The Defence th is week wasserved with a set of particularsby the Crown in a nswe r to the irrequest. The particulars number 14pages together with an a nnexurea nd four schedules amountmg to500 pages which refer to meetings,speeches and docu ment s to showthe ex iste nce of the alleged con­spiracy.

IN OUR LIFETIMEOne impo rtant a llegation in the

indictment in thi s tr ial of th e30 is that the achievem ent of th eobjects of the Freedom Charte r bythe accused in their hfeume neces­sarily involved violence. Amongquestions sent to the Crown, theDefence a ske d : " Wha t is meanthy 'm our lifetime' ?"

T he accused, some of whom arestill in their twenties, will prob­ably be staggered to see that th e'Crow n reply to this quest ion isFIVE YEARS l

The Crown sa ys th is expression'i n our lifetime' was u sed on

SACPO ChallengesGoldinqon Group Areas"Let the People Pass Judgement"

• t -. CAPE TOWN. " Perhaps what is more dan-THE S.A•. Coloured People's gerous, yo u give the im pression

Organisation ha s challenged that your action enjoys the sup­!\fro.G. J. G ol ding to b61d ~ meet- po~t of the Coloured people,mg m Athlone and state his case which we of course dispu te."to the Coloured pe9ple on the TO PRETORIAquestion of G roup Areas. M r.Goldi~ recently proposed to the Mr. Golding's petition, tog etherG roup Areas Board that all races With a. Simila r one CIrculat ed byo ther than Coloureds be barred Fra nklin Joshua a nd Haroldfr om a cinema in Ath lone. Mo ses, has been sent to Pretoria

In a letter to Mr. Golding by the G roup Areas Bo ard, ASACPO gives him until the 16th co unter-petition opposmg theof this month to rep ly to th e ra c.al proposa ls was too late forcha lle nge . • cons iderat ion by th e Boa rd. .

Referring to the Golding peti- "We feel that it is necessary fortion submitted to the Bo ard asking the people to be lliven an oppor­that Whites. Indians a nd C hinese tunity to pass judgment on thi.be refused occupation of an matter," Mr. R. September, Secre­Indian-owned cinema in order to tary of SACPO tol d N ew A2e.prevent a wh ite busin ess gr oup "Tha t is why we are cha llenglngf rom leasing it , the SACPO letter Mr. Gold in2 to come to Athlonesays: to state his case. If he fa ils to

"We refer you to yo ur sta te- answe r the ch allenge we will holdments a nd tha t o f the Coloured our own meeting and th en we willPeople's N at iona l Union made a t sec whether the Coloured peopleyour co nfe rence in th e Woodstock support Mr. Goldin g's sta nd orTown Hall when yo u opposed the ours ."Group Areas Act in to to an d T he SACPO mee ting will beclaimed to be the ft iend o f all held in the Gleemoor T own Hallpeople an d especiall y the India n on Wedn esday, Jan . 2 1 at 8 p.m,c?mmumty. Su rely it mu st be FOOTNOTE: T he Alh ambrad.lfficult"to reconcil e yo ur two at- Theat re last week adve r tised atit ude s? b b iti f " .NEED FOR UNITY a ~ competl IO n ,,?r. prospect,lve

(E ulo pean) pa rcnt'i In connectIOn~ll .sane people clamour for with the showi ng of the film

unity In the. ranks. o f a li. non- " Roc-k -a -bye Bab y'."whites an d In particuial tn theranks of the Coloured com munity, Tc\cphon~d by New Age, theSACpa sta ted. T he peopl e of m~nage.r <;a ld h.e was no t a!VareSou th A frica are under heavy !h<l t thl,s advertisement was cau s­pres<;ure fro m the Nationali'i ts. If mg oft en~e to Non-c:uropeans,pa rli amen ta ry vo tes are not being mOI:e partlcularlv. at a tame wh entampered with, it is bu siness right s. African Conso lida ted T hea tresthe rig ht to work, mu nicipa l had ,started a con.trovcrsy byrights, and others. applYlO g f? r a pe rmit to operate

"How is it possible for yo u an d a theat re m th e Coloured groupyour a ,socia tes to claim meagre area of Athlo~e. However, hebusiness rights, entertainment. u~dertC?ok !o . diSCUSS the mattertradina or residential rig hts a t th e WIt h h iS PrinCIpa ls.ex pense of ano ther 'io~ial 2roup? Thereafter the adve r t i~emen tAnd that under the cloak of the ceased to appear in the press.Grou p Areas Act, one of the Telephoned again by New Agemost hated pieces of racial I~is- this week . the man ager said theJalion ever enacte d in this coun- ad. was dropped in defe rence totry? the N on -Europeans.

4 NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, 1959 NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, 1959

With the "treason" triaLre-opening on Monday it is interesting to look back forty years to thr: first

South African case in which black men and white stood together in the dock in

"TREASON CONSPIRACY"TRIAL WHICH FAILED

By ALE) LA GUMA

Europeans w-uld be affected IfWIllCS were iJ troduced to Afri­cans.

.They ha ve 10 make do withstiff doses of marthetd instead.

*HUBBY, Clief Cyprian, they. tell me. reac hed for his as­

s~gal when Ie discovered thathis better haf refused to rfayball 10 the Geat Whi te Chiefspasses-for-woncn tournament.

Come, co ne. chiefy. if you~ave to ~o 01 the war path: letit be on her side. Matrimonialhannony is ~'lrth more than allthe pats on tit back YOU can ~etfrom the B.A.). boy l for beatin~the ir tom · tom.

shirt.- When he got near the vhitehouses and walked past thecars and down towards the own,he began to feel he was eally"on the way. " He watcher themen who walked by hun con­sidering the ments o f theirclothes. "The trouble With YbItesis that the y wear such dull jl rtycoloured clothes.. "LOok, Just look man, at that

tie. No colour, no life, JISt afunera l strip around his reck."

He felt gay. All these p o plea nd cars and the noise. He valk­ed faster. HIS eyes mo ved norequ rckly ca st ing glances a t vhiteankles and hats on bro wn reads.All th ts bustle and a-doi ng andthink of all the mo ney. Menearning £3 a week and bern] rea lmen . He saw the American Ou t­fitters. Look at that red .hir t,man , a good co lour. But listerhe walked. He'd laze by hosewin dows la ter, thmking con -sider ing, deciding. '

He ca~e to the doorway andswung into It. He sudienlyre mem bered, oh yes, now Sohe bent his head a littl e an dsto pped wa lking and crept an dlo ok ed shuffhng looks WIt! hi seyes. The big red white ma l be­hi nd the desk said: " If it 's yorkJohn, no. Come back tomorowthere may be something." ,

* * *Ah, it's good. he said. 8 he

Lfted ·t he gritty clay pot t, hi slips. It 's goo d to be back It'srotten in town . All the noise an da ll the white L1hIlKli ll.f ulev'regood in ther shiny clothes ,

" Hey ," he sho uted to Peter,slouchingly leepi ng against thecorru ga ted ron, "where's thegirl Jess ie tday ?" And they alllau ghed warnly with a friendlytogeth erness.

*ONE cabilet minister toanother: See you later .

separator. •

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u ·S: weat!tr ~eport: . Fair tofine Will light radio-active

fall-out.

*S O much fir the " free world ."In Englaid a' Hungaria n re­

fu gee was dscovercd trying tosell her nati mal assis tan ce book(which ap paen tlv helps hungryHungarians '0 get grub) TOH ELP PAY -{ER FARE BACKTO HUNG.ARY.

- *D ·R.C...Bille-puncher M. A.

Me~nng said .the other daythat various mrssro narv bod iesclaimed that the sa fety of the

111 1111111111 11111 11 111111111111111111 1111 11 1111111111I1111111111

fJomottow

UP MY ALLEY

3rd Prize in theNew Age Short

Story Competition

A COLOU RED charactercalled Kearns has his optics

foc ussed on a job as S.A.'s firstapartheid diplomat to one ofthose "black states" way upno rth .

My. my Mr. K., We didl(tknow that pal 1.0. was handingout that kind of jo b th ese days.Don't know yet whe ther bossVel'Woerd ha l lent an ear to yoursuggest ion, but if he doesn 'tthere are still wond erful "';10 1'­tunities open to you as a chiefcook or bottle -washer with thecompliments of the CAD.

*~Y say thai Little Nel's earoperation has made him still

ha rder of hearing the outcryover his ba n on mixed gather­ings.

*AND that it would have madesense if he'd appl ied the ba n

to dominee's garages, too.

*A GENTLEMAN bree zedint o our office all the way

fr om the You-Es-Ay the o therday. H e's an ex:S.A. citizen an dno w a dyed-in-the-wool Yankeewith a visit ing card tha t says:Ma rtin E. Mullins, N c o Jersey.

Friend Mullins said tbat hecouldn't recognise the old hometown for all the ap artheid si2nsthat have sprun~ up over the lastthree-and-forty years sin ce he'sbeen away.

And somewhere du ring hi svisit to his rela tives betweenCape Town and P.E. he was in­terviewed by two gentlemen inplain clo thes "from a G overn ­ment department."

Well , what do you know aboutthat? The good old SouthernAfrican hospitality.

he r past Peter's so tha t hecould smile warmly at the menthere and let them see her thingsand her ta ll shoes and her pinkface. And he'd be a ble to walklike he practised sometimes,sort of flnging out h is legs - 10their thm-bot torned tight trou­sers - for joy.

He had no money for the busso he walked by the line ofpeople who stood and Ieant andmoved from one foot to theother. He notice d that some ofthem had that sort of look; the" we don't walk but ride inbuses" eyes . So he pretended asif he already had a lo t of moneyand was just walking because itwas good for him and he wasbuilding "a beautiful body withMr. Universe." And, he thought,even if they don't believe that ,they don't know anything aboutbis soft new gir l and the new

buy her a few th ings as well, afew bright things like she mightwant so that she'd walk closenext to him, holding h is arm10 tha t sort of leaning defence­less way he 'd seen girls walkwith their me n. She'd not belike Agnes, shoe less WIthou t anydecent clo thes except h is oldvest. She 'd be the sort of wo­ma n men wou ld stare at andshout things at. And they'd tryto catch at her arms and hecould have the jo y of tellingthem thin gs. Hell, and he'd walk

By MARTIN RUSSELL

Philip was the o nly personamongst the line of walkers whomoved With any delrght. Theothers plodded without JOY, theireyes full of inw ard ' secretthoughts. Only one youth, aloose-limbed gangling creature,laughed a bitter densrve laughand no one stopped to hear It.

This was the day Philip hadbeen wait ing fo r. H e had po ­hshed his shoes, an d his suit hadbeen flattened beneath his mat.The ragged edge 01 h is one shirtwas sore- around his neck - butsoon he'd replace it wit hanother. He 'd buy a yellow one ;one he'd seen With blue arrow­heads printed upon the chest, anda chequered cap with a redpeak, and new socks - andVenus, Venus in the blue andwhite packet that flattened in histrousers into a wad of card andtob acco and ric e paper,

Now there would be no moreafternoons sitting in the sunbehind Peter 's. He had alwaysgone there because although itseemed pointless be ing there,thete was purpose in beingpo intless together. T ogether onefelt a common sympathy. Therewere . even fragments of de­graded satisfaction in beingworse, in having less money, inhaving only recently los t one'swoman. Apathy was an a rt. Itinvolved an ela borate under- .-:---- - -=--- - --....:....- - ...::........:.:...:-=.:.:.:::....-- - - - - - ­standing of techniques andnuances. It was the contempor­ary urban adaptation of praisesongs and folk poetrv. Aboveall it was something in whichon e participa ted with others andtor thi s rea son alone it was atreas ur ed warmth. Shelte red , onebecame sort of protected andguarded and secu re.

When Agnes had lef t - creep­ing away, It seemed, in the night,fo r she had not been there inthe morning - Philip had feltempty. He d idn't mind her go­ing. In some ways he was gladbut he was empty too. One thingwas that there W\lS no one therewhen be came back in the even­ing , so that the room was stilland silent and unmoved as if itresen ted h is entrance. He missedher ro undly war m body at nigh tand that he could no longerslee p in their mutual swea t. Noit wasn't going to bed , it waswaking that was bad. It waswaking and finding oneself alonewith no one to push out firstfrom beneath the blanket sothat one cou ld hide away aga incomforted in the memory ofsleep. Ah, there was no one toget angry with. and it wasn'tthe same waking and beingangrily full of sleep and loath­ing when there was no livething to pu t it -up on .

When she'd gone he had spentmo re time behind Peter's, some­times finding a girl there to sleepwith , finding her carelessly ,sleepily, lazily; just searchingaround long after curfew andstumbling against her and gett ingclose up against her, and stay­ing.

Now he'd find himself a realnew girl with one of those th inth ings under her blou se so thatwhen she walked in the Sun youcould see her ni pples pushing u pthe ma terial like two little an t­h ills. She'd have that pinkpowder too on 'her face so thatshe didn't shine, and tall shoesso that she walked oicely. He'd

IT was a grey day. It wasthe sort of day which is

without particular light butis consistently fiat and heavyand dull. 1 he sky, a lowceiling of greyness, was life­less and there was no breeze.It was not hot, nor was itcold.

VIRGINIA RIOTS

dozer driver, worth £45 a day tohis employer, was arrested becausehis bicycle bell was out of orderWhere Africans were found with­out passes it was usually uselessto ask permission to fetch themfrom hut or home.

(10) A resettlement schemewhich aims at moving peop le fromthe ir village between Heatonvilleand Empangeni - where the yhave lived since the t ime ofMpande - is causing resentment

The new land where they willbe sited - beyond the WhiteUmfolosi - is said to be sourand inferti le .

(1 1) A tribesman from N ongo­rna told us that wattle planted atthe request of the Governmentwas not being purchased by theG overnment as promised.

(12) There is disillus ionmentwith chiefs wbo have "sold out"to the Government. TraditionallyZulus have respected and acceptedfhe discipline of their chiefs. Butmore and more are now sayin2that the chiefs have been strippedof the ir power and are now mereuo uthpieces for tbe G overnment.

FOOTNOTE: Thokozile. wifeof Cyprian Bekezulu, ParamountChief of the Zulus, has left herhusband. She is opposed to theG overnmen t's policy of issuingpass books to women , and has de­fied her husband's instruction thatall Zulu women sho uld take outpass boo ks.

Thokozile disappeared with, allher belongings fr om the royalkraal th ree weeks before Christ­mas and is reported to be stayingwith her br other, an Anglicanpriest , at Endhlozan i, in Swaz i­lan d.

(C(}nt inued from page 1)

the ma in roads and allegedlythrew stones at passing cars.

INJURIFSEleven workers sustained in­

juries and are no w in h osp ital.Also in hospita l is one indunabadl y injur ed after a clash withthe workers.

A few indunas have tenderedthei r resignations and want to gohome. The manager is suspendeda t present.

The trial is due to start onJanuary 24.

Police Assaults

AllegedRaids,

WomenNight

On

ZULULAND IN STATEOF UNREST

The ANC lead ers charged after the 1918 strike : Left to ri,:ht: J. D. Ngojo, A. Cetyiwe, L. J. Mva­baza, H. Kra ai, Unknown, D. S. Letanka, (Anyone who can identify the unknown man is invited

to write and tell us who he ls.)

I had always been told byWh ites in the Cape, o n theRand and finally in Natal thatthe Zul u was not "politically con­scious ... except when the agita­tors get at him."

I have just ret urned from a tou rof Zululand with a Zulu linguistand well-known trade unionistMelville F letcher - and I denythat statement. We made no

By DAVID EVANS

GOVERNMENT policies inZululand are causing ero­

sion. It is not the erosion ofthe soil, about which one sofrequently hears from the Go­vernment, No it is not that ­but a deep and dangerousdonga of discontent is creepingsteadlly across the country en­gulfing more and more Zulusas the months go by.

speeches, but we spent six daysasking qu estions abo ut G overn­ment policies in Zululand. Theanswer was inevitably hostile tothe rulers.

PEOPLE'S ("OMPLAINTSHere ar e some of the allega­

tions mad e without any solictingfrom us:-

(1) At Kwambonambe nearEmpangeni "foreigners" fromother parts of the country includ­ing Natal have been told to goby the Government. Some of themhave lived there up to 10 yea rs.

According to Kwambonambe­b orn Africans the "'newcomers"have caused no trouble, have set­tled smoothly into communitylife: Most have the permission ofthe chiefs to live there.

(2) The area is subjected tora id after rai d - usu ally at n ight- and residents to the probinglight of to rches and the ras p ofrude qu estioning. Reasons for theraids vary. . tax. passes, liquor- the well-known list.

(3) Women have been told totake ou t passes by a certain da teor go to jail.

(4) Women it is alleged havebeen raped by European po lice­men at pisto l point durinK thenight.

(5) Arrested women have hadtheir " inhlokos" cut off bv thepolice.

As mo st Ne w Age readers knowthe inhloko signifies virtue and isa century-old t rad ition (See New

obtain accommodation at Kend al Age. November 27).Lo cati on which belongs to the (6) There is culling of cattle.Mining Company . The bre adwin- Cners of these fa milies do not wor k AlTLE CONFISCATEDin the I •.ine but are employed as (7) Cattle which are dipped andlabourers by the Railway and a which do not shed their ticks afterfew other concerns around K en- the first dipp ing are confiscateddal Station. T he farmer dem anded and sold by the Government.that the new arrivals should give The own er is pai d the cow'shim the free labour of the wo- pr ice but th is do es not co mpen­men an d chi ldren in ret urn fo r the sat e him for the calves and milkright to remain on the prope rty. it would have yielded.The famil ies ar e will ing to do so. (8)' Government handling ofbut the authorities will not permit local problems is causing strife.the m to remain. No alternat ive Land belonging to the Mtetwasaccommodati on ha s been provided. was given to the Mtembus be-

cause the Government alle~ed badM rs. Mabi ya , a widow with six cult ivation. Only the ch iefs' inter­

chi ldren, is one of those affect ed. vention prevented a faction fight.She told New Age that her hus- (9) Eu ropean s in Empan~en iband died a few ye~rs ago an d ~he complained that their Africanbrought up her chIldren wor kmg tabourers were being raided fr e­as a domestic servant in the area. QueDtly for petty offences as a"I haye nowhere else to g~ ," I mea DS of acquiring cheap con­she saId . Man y others are facmg viet labour for fa rms elsewhere.a . similar plight. I We were told that one bull-

*

AFRICAN SQUATTERSTOLD TO GET OUT

Case Collapses

described by the prosecution as"da ngerous" and the charge as"very serious," almost amountingto one of "treasonable conspira ­cy." They were charged with in­citement to pu blic violence.

The ma in crown witn ess wasone Luke Massma, who had beensent into the l.W.A. by the NatrveAffairs Department and paid£4 lOs. Od. per week for hisefforts.

In spite of the breakdown ofthe crown case, the magistratecommitted aU eight accused fortr ial, but the Attorney-General de­clined to prosecute.

* *Thus it was in the clos ing days

of .the First World War that thefirst bond s of unity between de­mocrats of all races were forged,

But Massina's case was an illu­stratio n of on e of the govern ­ment's biggest handicaps a t a lltimes in Its struggle with theliberatory movement. As spies itmust employ African s. But theactions and policies of the libera­tory mo vement are so appe aling toan y African that no one of in­tell igence and integrity ca n fai l tobe won over by them. Only themost miserable sp ecimen of Non­European could serve a Noh ­Euro pean-ha ting government as aspy on Non-E uropeans. Ma ssinaturned out to be no t such a miser­a ble specimen.

An unsuspecting prosecutor ledMassina through all his evidence­in-chie f in which he alleged thatthe accused had incited the public-to . vio lence.

Th~ under c,t"O$S-examinationMassina repudiated his entire evi­dence and described to the courthow the sta temen t from whichthe prosecutor had led his evi­dence ha d been wri tten out forhim by the police. "All that evi­dence was false," said MaJSinacalmly.

H e was a rrested for perjury butthe crown must have been reluc­tant to let the whole story comeout and he was never tried.

JOH AN NESBURG .

NEARLY 50 African squattersfami lies living on a far m adja­

cent to the K enda l sta tion havebeen serve d with a notice to va­cate the ir homes by January 7.1959. At the tim e of going to pressthey were begging for an exten­sio n of tim e.

For more than ten years theyhave had their homes on an ad ­joiOlng property which belongs tothe Kendal Colliery Mining Com­pany. In Ju ly last yea r these fa mi­lies were driven out of this pieceof land. Th ey th en moved to thepiece of land which belongs to dfarmer. They had to car ry theirbelongings a hund red yards awayand rebuild the ir wood an d mudshan ties in order to be on the safeside of the law.

T hese families are not able to

Strike

Police Raids

wh ite workers into a DefcncetForce to act against "a possibl:1Native rising." He said that theAfricans' wage demands wouldnot have been dreamt of bu t forthe "sinister encouragement ofcer ta in whites."

So a la rme d Were the wh itetrade un ions that, shortly afterMacFie's address to them, theFederat ion sent two of its leadersto see the Minister of Defence tooffer to ra ise special la bo ur bat­talions.

Nevertheless, moved by thestrength of the national protestagainst the MacFie sentence-andthe representations of the Cham­ber of Mines which was fearful ofthe possible effect of the diss at is­facti on on their recruit ing ofAfrica n labour - the Minister ofJustice indicated that he did notsupport the sentence and theworkers were released.

T his was a tremendous victoryfor the na tional movemen t.

Arrests and police ra ids fol­lowed swiftl y on the heels of theTransvaa l stn ke. Eigh t progress ivelead ers - D . S. Letanka, L. J .Mvabaza, J . D Ng ojo, H. Kraaiand A. Cetyiwe (aU A.N.C. offi­cials) and Bunt ing, T inker andHanscomb e (leading I.S.L. mem­bers) were raided and arrested.

This trial was in many ways a nembryo of the present treasontrial, says a fo rmer secretary ofthe A.N.C., T. D. Mweli Skota,in bis "Black F olks Who's Who":"For the first time in South Africamembers of the European andNative races, in common causeunit ed, were arrested and chargedtoget her beca use of their politicalactivit ies."

Letanka was the vice- presidentof the A.N.C. (T vl) and Secretarysince the A.N.C.'s foundation, ofthe Council of Ch iefs. Mvabazawas later one of the members ofthe 1"9 19 A.N.C. deputatio n to theK ing. Both were founders of news­papers later merged into AbantuBatho, of whic h they we r emanaging directors.

Ngojo, K raai and C ety iwe weremembers of the old I.W.A., th elatter being actIve in the CapeWestern A.N.C. in after years.

All the accused were hel d injail for twel ve days before beingallowed bail, an earlier applicationin the Supreme Court bein2· re­fused when the accused mea were

Sewage Strike

A.N.C. Meeting

The concession store boycottfai led to achieve its purpose. butthe workers were now rea dy foraction, and this was sparked offby on e of Johannesbu rg's firstAfrican strikes - that of the city's150 coll ectors of lavatory buckets,

believed that the Communists were'the cause of the boycott. TheRand Daily Mail called fo r theimprisonment of the s e "ill­balanced and fanatical socialists ofthe baser sor t." It was befor ethe days when Mo scow wasblamed for everyth ing, so theNa tal Mercur y saw "the sinisterInfluen ce of the Indust rial Work­ers of the Wo rld notoriousl yfinanc ed by G ermany."

In actua l fact, the soc ialists hadno t known anything about theboycott until it was on , and a l­though they gave it their supportthey to ok the view that it was mis­directed - it was not the conces­sion sto res who were the enemyso much as the Chamber of Mines.

Even the European press wassho cked, an d it is an ind ica tio n ofhow strong public feeling was thatwhen the I nternational committedthe mos t blatant contempt, de­scribing MacFie as "a bear on thebench" and "a capitalis t jackal,"no action was taken against it.

The African National Con gresscalled several protest meetings atthe vicious sentence on thestrikers. The A.N.C. leaders stilltend ed to be behind the rank andfile 10 the strength of (heir senti­mcnts however. At one meeting theA.N.C. secretary prop osed theadoption of a petition to theGovernor-General asking for re­rnission of the sentence passed Oilthe "misgu ided strikers ," but themeeti ng would not agree - andin fact ado pted a resolutionfavcuring a gene ral strike. A de­tective taking notes was ejectedfrom the meeting.

But at the protest meetings th ecaIl for a protest strike againstthe sentence of the bucket strikershad been combined with the de­mand for a pay increase of Is. perday.

As a result of the release of thebucket strikers, the A.N.C. called

in those days before Johannesburg the st rike off, ~ut at ~ertain mineshad waterborne sewerage. I the workers ei the r did not know

J this or disregarded It , and cameThe strikers were arrested and ou t as originally plan ned , on the

the magistrate, McFie, sent the morning of June 28, 1918, Byworkers ~ back to work under afternoon their strike had been-police escort. H e told them: "If defeat ed by massive police andyou attempt to escape and it is military intervention . .necessary you will be shot down. .If you refuse to obey orders you The effect of the R and strikewill roceive lashes," was felt througho ut the country.

In Durban African dock workersput forward wage claims for thefirst time, though they did notsuccee d in winn ing any conces­sions.

A resolution demand ed an all­round pay increase of one sh illinga day and a reso lution for sup­port of tha t demand was ad optedin spi te of the o pposition of th eofficial A.N .C. leadership. Amongthe speakers was the socialistT . P. Tinker one of those whobad been active lD the formationof the I.W .A

At the strike can the govern­ment was afraid and rattled itssabres. Sol diers were mobilisedand march~d th rough Johannes­burg. The white trade unions actedtrue to ' form. They invited Mac­FJt~ to a mee ting of the T radeUnion Fe deration , at which hecall ed for the organisat ion of the

THE

INJuly; 1918, the homes andoffices of eight progressive

leaders, African and Euro­pean, were raided and theywere arrested and held with­out bail for twelve days afterthe prosecutor had describedthem as dangerous conspira-tors.

Here is tbe story of tbebackground to their arrest andtrial.

In J uly, 1917. the country's firstAfrican wor king class organisation,the Industr ial Workers of Africa(I.W.A.) was formed in Johannes­bu rg. Its slogan was "Si funakon ke" - " We wan t everything."

In D ecemb er of that year a con­ference was called to discuss Non­Euro pean trade union un ity. Thefirst of ItS kind it was a ttended byrepresentatives o f the A.N .C.(Tv L), the A.P.O. and the I.W.A.

I.W.A. members ma de up themajority of the audience, takingup one who le side of the hall. Onthe other side sat the members of . 111I11 11 11I 11I 11I 11 11 11I11 11I11 11 11 11 11I 11 11 11I 11 11I11 11I 11111I1111the A.N.C. described by a news- Bypaper as bein g ""?-or~ , sedate andmiddle-class lonking, Coloured L• I Fworkers and a few white socialists. ,one ormanT he Conference appointed a multi-raci al committee of workers to 111111111I11I11I11I111I11111111111111I111111I11111111111111I11I11Idraw up a scheme for future co­operation.

BoycottTwo months later the African

miners on the East Rand la uncheda bo ycott of the mine concessionstores, Prices had doubled duringthe war years, while wages re ­mained unaltered, and the workersdi rected their protest against thestorekeepers and their rising prices.The result was a solid boycott ofthe stores by the thirty to fo rtythousand Africans on wh om theydepended for custom.

Attempts to break the boycottby fomenting inter-tribal fightingfailed, and the boycott ers re­ma ined sol id.

The I.W.A. and the I.S.I;. joinedin issuing 10,000 leaflets "in Zuluan d Sesotho to the boycotters.

Th e leafle t began:" Workers of the Bantu race !

Why do you live in slavery? Whyare you not free as other men arefree'? Why are you kicked andspat upon by your masters? Whymu st you carry a pass before youcan move anywhere? And if youare fo und WIthout one why a reyou thrown into prison? Wh y doyou toil hard for little money?And again thrown into Pi ison ifyou retuse to work. Why do theyherd you like cattle into com­pounds? WHY ?"

There was only one way ofdeliverance, the leaflet said :"Unite as workers. unite! F orgetthe things that divi de you. Letthere be no longer any talk ofBasutho, Zulu, or .Shangaan. Yo uare all labourers. Let Labour beyour common bond,"

A call was issued to the workersto come to a mass meeting:

" The fight is great against themany pass laws that persecute youand the lo w wa2es an d the miseryof existence." An d then thefa mous final words of Marx'sCommunist Manife ;to ran2 out forthe first time in Zulu and Sesutho:"Workers of all lands unite. Youha ve no thi ng to lose but yourchains. You ha ve a world towin."

The authorities' th en, ··as now,

6 NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, 1959

Last week. 200 pe~ple were k.illed and hundreds more wounded in clashes between Africans and the(

police and militaty forces in the Belgian Congo. Cause of the_disturbances "is rep~rted to be the

Africans' growing lemand for independence, which is being bitterly resisted by the Belgian imperialists.

In this article are set out the history of imperi~lism in the Congo and the ~rowth 'IJ/ the.conflicts which we'e brought to a head in the recent crisis.

AFRICA ON TH: MARCH - 5

THE

•

BELGIAN CONGOIN ,REVOLT

Igovernmen t now" around "Whichthe light fo r ind ependence wastough t and won .

IBut the Accra conference has

changed all that, N ew ideas aresweeping through Africa, despiteall the attempts of the imperialiststo stop them. T hey find fertileground amongst the thou sandsof skilled and semi-skilled Africanworkers, the men who drive thetrains and run the factories, whobave begun to acquire the indus­trial and commercia l know-how,and don't see why th ey shoudn'tacquire the political know-how aswell. A new organisation calledAbako has come into existence,pledged to independence and win­ning wide support from thepeople.

The rece nt disturbances are asign th at the old order ( in theCongo is changing fas t - farfaster than the Belgians ever bar­gaine d for .

VOTE DEPUTATION(Contiiued from pa ge 1)

" In "the Cape the Colouredcom munit y has enjoyed the muni­cipal fra nduse an d the right tosit on muricipal councils on thesame basi as Europea ns since1840," the Administr ator was tol d."These r igits have a lways beenres ponsib ly exercised , N or are weaware of my su ggestion from anyquarter tha this is not the case.

"To dlsranchise the Colouredvoters wodd be grossly mischle­vous in Itseffeets on all groups inthat it would deprive Colouredratepayers who co ntribute reve­nues on tie same bash as tboseof other :rou ps, of all effect ivevoice in tre expenditure of muni­cipa l fu nd ; it would place thead mini straion of civic affairs inthe com pete control of Euro­pea ns and no people cou ld everbe expectd to consent to placethemselves enti rely at the mercyof another group."to work uitside such areas an dthere woud be no separate Col­oured ecoromy.

Miriam Makeba,

"KING KONG" WILL BEA SMASH HIT

T.M.

opening night.The actor s include pe rsonal i­

ties like the Man hattan Brothers,Woody Woodpeckers and so on.Six foo t six leader of the Man­ha ttan Brot hers, the bass singerNathan Dambuza Mdledle, isK mg K ong. Perf orm ing oppo­site him is Miriam Ma keba, whoplays the part of the shebeenqueen, Joyce.

The tow nsh ip atmosph ere inwhich the play is set is sus tainedthroughout, with shebee . andthe in ter ferin g pol ice, the washer­wom en and the hawkers' wago nsan d of course the inevitablepenny whistle mus ic. All thi sgives remarkable original ity tothe play. My personal opinion,after having a Quick pee p at therehearsals, is th at it will godo wn very well. Should it be thesuccess that is expected, thenAfrican artistes will have takena big str ide fo rwar d in the fieldof the atre .

Leading South African actorLeon G luckman is director andproducer. The sets and cos tum eshave been designed by well­

"kno wn painter Arthur G old­re ich. Choreography is handledby Arnold Dover and a specia lman Spike G laser has been im ­p orted fro m Cambridge as musi cd irector. The book on which theplay is based. d ealing with thel ife of the la te African boxingchampion Ki ng Ko ng, has beenwritt en by Harry Bloom.

The play is full of surprises,fun and humour. T he music,composed by T odd Matshikiza ,is good an d some of the songsa re likely to be the hit s of theyear. I have in mind, for in­s tance. the them e song "KingKong." Then the re is the "Wed­d ing Song" and a song sung byM iriam Ma ke ba "Things H ap­pen." I under stand tha t a reco rd­ing of the music wilt be madesoon and the lon g-playing re­cords will be On sale on the

Not all the attempts to obstructpolit ical development in the Con­go have been able to stifle thedemand fo r African parficipationin government. There are over7.000 Congolese interned for anti­government activity - an d 7,000men are not inte rn ed for noth ing.Yet in the past political organisa­tion has been I sporadic and with ­ou t any clear pr ogramme. It isonly withi n the last few yearsthat any political demands havecome fo rwa rd, and these h ave­been hesit ant and ill-defined. Onemanifesto called for self-govern ­ment in 30 years - co mpare th iswith the Ghana sloga n "self-

unskilled 56 %, 1954 da ily wages1/- 14 fr,

When it is remembered thatthere is virtually no work forwomen in the Congo and th atthese wages will gene rally have tosup port a fam ily, it is obviousthat the Belgians have not createda Ut opia. Today -the problem isaggravated by widespread unem­ployrnenn resulting from theslump in the cap ita list world .There are over 50,000 unemployedin Leopoldv ille alone. .

ISOLATION

The Belgians have tried despe­ra te ly to isolate the Congo fromthe mainstream of progressiveideas. The education of the younghas been placed in the hands ofthe Catholic missionaries an d onlyone African has studied abroad.The Belgians have tried' to bribethe existing mldale-class with pri­vileges and certain eoncessions,but this has not proved veryeffective.

JOH AN NESBURG.

E VERYBODY is looking for-W~lJ d to see.ng ,.King

Kong," the all-Afric an-cast jazzopera whic h stages its " firstnight" on February 2 at the Wit­watersrand Un iversity G reatH al l. T his WI ll be the first loca]produc tion of its kind . With aline -up of 50 artistes, close an£ \0,000 IS being spent on theproduction . The prop» alone costa few hundred pounds.

A specia l bus transports theartistes to rehearsals a nd a ca n­teen has been provided to suppl vthem with coffee and hot dogs.

Meanwhile great excitementsurrounds the product ion as thefinal touches are put to it.

Many of the actors will beappearing in a play of this sor tfor th e first time. Nev ert he lessbig names In professional thea­tre have been marshalled tohandle the production.

Miniere •realised that migratorylabour was Inefficien t lab our andgradually they brought it to anend . Thus In 1925 96';{, of theUnion Min iere's African labourforce was migra to ry, By 1930 thisfigure ha d dropped to 63 %, an dby 1940 was down to 11%. T o­day sta bilised lab our - the tra ns­fer ring of whole fa milies to ur­ba n pla ces of employ ment - isthe tt end,

The creation of a stable urbanworking class has meant tha t theBelgian ca pitalists could ad vancebeyond the stage o f crud e di rectplunder. A stable labour fo rce hasmeant the development of askilled and semi-skilled workingcrass, which in turn has led to ahuge increase in the rates of ex­ploitation. The African workers'production is alrea dy rated as be­ing about 70 %, that of the Bel­gian worker, who has long livedin an industrial society. Since theAfrican workers get less than halfthe wages of their Belgian counter­parts, we can see why the capital­ists were so eager to be enlightened.

The Belgians claim that theircolonial system is different fr omthat of the other imperialistpowers, and they are qu ick to takevisitors to thei r sh ow piece hous­ing schemes and to boast of ' thebenefits that " their" Africans ob­tam. Yet the mass of the Congo­lese populat ion is depressed bypover ty. T he fo llow ing figuresgive so me ind ication of the stan d­ard of living in the Congo.,

Skilled workers 12%, 1954 dai lywages 4/- 133 fr.; semi-sk illed32%, ]J.)54 dai ly wages 2/- 30 fr.;

"Any visitor who las seen rubber and ivory was the scanda lthe strength of tbe mdepen - of the early years of this century .dence move ment througiout the African workers were ordered toworld will won der if he Bel- fullil rubber quotas and tho se whoglans, like ,Kina Canute are not could not or who rebelled againsttry in2 to curb a force tlat even- forced labour had their handstually will become irrelstible." lopped otI to be produced by

--Cbester Bowles. labour gana bosses as proof thatMR. BOWLES' prophey, made they were working efficiently. Leo­

only a few years igo, has pold's rul e is believed to have costcom e t rue sooner than he thought. between five and eight million

The Belgian Congo is '7 times lives.the size of Belgi um, its parent- Men like E . D. Morel and Rogerowner. It is als o the gorse that Caseme nt exposed these atroci tieslays the golden eggs. Th. Congo a nd in time, in 1908, Belgium a n­produ ces 70 per cent of the nexed the Congo Free State andworld's industria l diammds, as reforms were instituted, thoughwell as huge quantities If uran- forced labour remained part of theium and copper. Five eiorrnous system.holding companies contr-l prob- The essence of Belgium's colo­ably 70 per cent of al l Congo nial system is maximum exploita­business, probably the greatest tion ' carried out with the greatestconcen trat ion of economi: power possible efficiency. African discon­a nywhere today. The Beltian go- tent is diverted by giving econo­vernment has a contro llug share mic opportunity and technicalin the Big Fi ve compares. thus training - up to a point - to themilking fr om them not OIly taxes African, who is, however, com-but also dividends. pletely cut off from political rights

ANNEXATION and development.When the missionary, Stanley UNHOLY T RINITY

returned from his voyagi of' ex- John Gunther savs: " Threeplo ration to the Co ngo i e tried things run the Congo - Belgium,un succcssfullv .t o get .Brtain to the Roman Catholic Church, andan nex the territory. A Belgian Big Business." The C ongo Gover ­missionary later contacted Stanley nor has autocratic powers vestedand he wa soon on his way back in him, there is no Congo repre­to Africa In a secret mission for sentat ion in the Belg ian Parlia­the Belgiai King 's Intern at ion al ment (not even fo r Belgian s in theAssociat ior Annexation by Leo- Congo), and no legislat ive coun­pold 1I cane soon after and until cil to check on th e Governor. In1908 th is iu ge territory was the 1957 Africans -and Belgians in theKing's excusrve property. A nurn- Congo were permitted to vote forbel' of ccicession ar y companies councilmen for the first time butwere creae d, financed first by the administration reserved theBelgian, ard then later by Brit ish, right to annul the elections ofFrench ani American capi tal. In ca ndida tes of who m it does notret urn the concessionaries ha d to approve . The voting is called agive Leoprld a qu arter share in "consultation" ra ther than an elec­the cornpaiies in his Congo Free tion.State. This was not all. In 1891 The five enormo us companiesLeopold c.rved out a "D omaine • that control 70 per cent of thede la C ouenne" of about t mil- C ongo 's economy are: (I) Brufine,lion squar miles which he pre - which controls the Banque desen ted to rimself a nd this a lone Bru xell es and various industrialprovided hm with an income of organ iations; (2) Cominiere, wh ich£3 rrullion In the first ten vee rs, is linked with the Na gelmacker

The expoitatioD of the Conao's financial interests and has hugeagricultu ral properties; (3 ~ Un i­lever. through it'! 'Belgian sub­sidiar y H uile ver; (4) the BanqueCompain. having con siderable in­terests in the tr an spor t industry ;and (5 ) The Societe G enerale deBelguie, This orga nisation hascapital reserves of more than twobillio n fra ncs (£14.000,000). Gun­ther has written of it that it is " thekind of colossus that migh t be en­visaged if, let us say, the Houseof Morgan , Anaconda Copper,Mutual Life Insurance Co mpanyof N ew York, the PennsylvaniaRailroad and vari ous companiesproduci ng agricultural productswere lumped together, with theUnited Stat es government as aheavy partn er. Th is is monopolywith a vengeance."

"STABILISED" LABOURThe most significant economic

fo rce in the Congo is, however,listed ind irec tly . The U nion M i­n iere du Haut K atanga is a sub­sidiary Comp any of the SocieteGenerale but it accou nts for noless than 50 % of the Co ngo'staxes and it has been its socio­economic policy that has led theway in the Co ngo . The U nion

,

7

War Profits Up

n .Hey d icldle diddle • ,

(Jor in the News Chronicle)

Profis of the major companiesin the United States du rin g theth ird ruarter of 1958 "reflect asharp improvement over 1958'sfirst tvo three-month pe riods."said tee Wall Street Journal lastweek.

A ecent survey by Fortunemagazne reveals the extraordi­nary jrofits made bv companiesengaged in all aspects of warwork. 12 compani es rece iving th elargest volume of military orderslast yeir ea ch had profits rangingfrom 1t.7 to 21.3 per cent.

wave o f a rrests: " N othing mustbe a lloyed to affec in any . wayth e grea victo ry we ach ieved inearning the friendship of theSoviet Union."

T FIGHc

NEW CAMPAIGN

FO REIGN P OLI CY

HELIE TO 0 LLE

The arrests in Syria ha ve ta kenolace on the eve of a new cam­pa ign to end the ban on ooliticaloarties which was introduced asa result of the merger, and thevprobabl y herald the beginnin g ofa bitter ba ttle by the people ofthe ncwlv independent na-ions ofth e Mi ddle East for democracyand a better life .

Ju st as in the days of foreigndomination . Svrian Communistlead er Khaled Bakdash has goneunderground. as ha s the newspaperAl Noor.

Ne vertheless th ere a rc no indi ­cations at all .th at the heiuhteningof the class st -ucele inside theUnited Arab Republic will in a nywa v affect the count ry's foreicnpolicy. The scmi-officral Caironew spape r AI Ah: am was carefulto stress on th e eve of the new

Arab Republic has not. in fact,developed to the democ ra tic levelwhich the Iraqi people desire."They say tha t their first job is tobu ild a healthy and democraticsystem in Iraq.

It was the merger of Syria andEgypt which made possible thedrastic limitat ions on free do m inSvria where the powerful progres­sive movement had previou slybeen flourish ing under relativelydern oc -atic cond itions.

Merger to ok place beca use pro ­gress ives failed to see the dan gersinherent in th e drive bv th e do­minant rig ht-wing Baa th- soc'a listsfor union with Egypt on Nasser'sown terms.

In Iraq, where the Baath social­ists are much weaker. and wherethe people had learnt from theSyrian example. a Baath plot formerger was qu ickly sunore -sed antithe right-wing socialist leadersplaced on trial for plottinu withthe Cairo regime.

NEW POLICY

Now that ind ependence ha s beenconsolidated, progressives have re­newed th e fight for dem oc rac y a nda better life for th e people. andhave come forwa rd with a newpolicy to go vern the relation s be ­tween th e different Arab sta tes.

A cons iderable measure of unityhas been est ablished between theCommunist Parties of the M iddleE ast. and a recent forthri ght sta te­ment by the Iraq Communists­possibly the stro ngest o f th e par­ties-announces strong opnosit ionto any policy of merger betweenIraq and the United Arab Repub­lic. Instead of mercerv -it favoursa federal union. with each stateretaininn full autonomv,

Th e Iraq Comm unis ts decl.u e :"T he political system in the U nited

and journals have been doseddown.

Because Eg ypt fought to freeherself from Br itish and Americandomination th e righ t-wing news­papers have always descr ibedNasser as an ally of Com mu nism .Now th ey are suggesti ng th at th earrests a re a " new development"and show tha t Nasser is becomi ngpro -west.

In fact the Na sser regime hasat no tittle relaxed to the slightestdegree the terriblc persecu tion ofEayp t's worki ua- clas J leaderswhich was a feature of King Fa­rouk's government. Not onlywere Farouk's prisone rs kep t injail. but mass arrests continue·l. r}

The Communists - smugglingtheir sta tements in so me case"fr om the pri son cell s - ha vemad e the ir po sition cle ar. On inter­nati onal issues, in ')!lite of nersecu­' ion. t he y supported Nasser whole­hearted ly. And as long a'; thema in a nd most urgent task facingEgypt w as th e bui lding of co m­olete uni ty to o ust fore ign inte r­feren ce. Com mun ists subordinatedever yth ing to the achievement ofsuch unit y.

NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, 1959

I

MAP THAT GA

F

Soviet Penal ReformsNew laws adopted by the Su­

preme Soviet which met recentl yreduce the maximum term of im ­prisonment from 25 years to 10except for certain grave crimesfor which the maximum becomes15 years.

The Soviet state has decidedthat it is not yet able to do .awa ywith capital punishment but underthe new laws its application is tobe greatly limited.

It will be applied in pe ace-timeonly in the case of espionage,sabotage, assassination, deliberatemurder under circumstances ag­gra vating the cr ime, and banditry.

It cannot be applied to person sunder the a ge of 18 at the timethe cr ime was committe d, no r toex pectant mothers.

With Independence from Foreign RuLe secured, the peopLe of

215.7RO,OOO tons.Th e Peki ng paper sa id th at

even rh mz in the Sociali st worldwas forging ahead wh ile the capi­iali st wo rld was in decline.

U ndersco ring the con trast. th eMin istry of Co al has issued figureswhich sh ow th at m ore th an 90rno der n pits went into opera tionlast veal'.

More an d more p it, a re usinghyd raul ic mining me tho ds bywhi ch coa l is cut a nd co nveye dby water thus reduci ng dust andhe av y work. Th is method will bemore widely useq in the comingperiod.

o

D URING the past two weeksover 100 progressive trade

unionists, journalists and pro­fessional people have beenarrested in Egypt and over 300in Syria . Several newspapers

COAL: CHINA OVERTAKESBRITAIN

From Alan Winninl{tonC H IN A has ach ieved in one year

wh at West e rn sceptics saidshe couldn't do in 15- o vertakeBrita in in coal out ou t, said th ePek ing Peo ple's D a lly last week .

Chinese coal ournut in 1958was 270.200,000 tons, Acco rdingto the British Ministry o f Fuela nd Power, Brita in produced

Premier of Ghana, Dr. Nkrumah,returned home last week after atriumphal tour of India, where hewas gre eted by large 'and enthu­siastic crowd s. Thl'S was Dr.

Nkrumah's first visit to Asia.

NEW OBSTACLES

But the y are st iIl ra ising everypossibl e obstacle and whileagreement in principle has beenre ach ed on the need for :l C "'.sation of tests a nd for a detec­tion system, the Americans areinsisting that the investigatorsshould not be confined to theirpo sts but sho uld be able tomove about at will.

The Russians say that this is un­necessa ry and arc suspiciousthat the proposal masks anAmerican desire to conductspying operations freely insideSoviet territory.

The ir plan Involves the sett ing upof a world network of 170 de­teete r stat ion s-the black dotso n the me sh-mainl y 0'0 la nd ,but wit h ten of them on shipsat sea. (Most of those whi chappear to he on the sea in th emap a re in fact on convenientlysituated islands.)

The c osts wou ld he abo ut 600miles a part on land, a nd about2,000 m iles a nart at se a. A staffof 6,000 people would be re­quired to man th em day andnight.

N uclea r explosions could be de­tect ed by sound waves, ra dio­active fa ll-o ut, sh ock wavest ravelling through the earth o rwater, or ligh t an d rad io waves.1----------- - - - ----- ---- - ------- - --- - - - ----- - - ------ ----------

Wit h their own scientists agreeingthat such a system would befool-proof, the U.S. has beenforced into negotiations.

THIS diag ram, whic h we repro-du ce from the News Chr oni­

cle , confounded th e U .S. St ateDepartment in the recent dis­cussions on outlawing atomtests.

In reply to the Sov iet proposal forthe immediat e stoppmg of nu ­clear test s, D ulles a nd E isen­hower rephed that Americacould not ag ree because therewould be no way of knowing ifthe Soviet UnIOn was keepingits word.

Scientists f rom all over the wo rld,including officia l U.S . represen­ta n ves. met at Geneva las t Oc­tober to dis cuss the qu estion ofdetection of nuclear explosions.

They agreed unanimously that adetector system was perfectlyfeasible.

WORLD NETWORK

·,

8 NEW AGE, JANUARY 15, 1959

NO OPPOSITION FOR W.P.IN CRICKET TOURNEY

Eastern Province with a youngside. di.d best among the visitingcentres and with a Iittle matur ityand ex per ience will blend into aforce to be reckoned with in thenear future.

For the Record

The following were the out­stand ing performances recorded:

Highest score: 129, H. Carelse(W.P.), vs , D iamond Fields.

Highest aggregate of r uns : C.Abrahams (W .P.), 273.

H ighest aggreg ate of wickets :O. Williams (W.P.), 34.

Scorers of centuries : H. Ca relse(W.P.), 129; P . Sampson (Tv!.),124; J . N iekerk (D iamond Fields),112: C. Abrahams (W.P.), no:S. Raziet (W.P.), 108.

Most wickets in a match: 14wickets for 39, by G . Potgieter(E .P. vs. Transvaal). Th is includedh is 10/26 in an innings.

Hat trick: P. Snyman (E .P.),4 /6 , vs. Nata!.

"

LEADING AVERAGESBATTING

Inn. N.O. H . Score Total Ave.C. Abrahams (W.P.) 4 0 110 273 68.3H. Carelse (W.P .) ...._ 4 0 129 165 41.3S. Raziet (W.P.) 4 0 108 152 38.0N. Francis (B.P. ) ...... 4 0 68 135 33.8G. Hendricks (B.P.) 8 1 44 236 33.7

BOWLINGO. M . R. W. Ave .

C. Abrahams (W.P.) 35.6 14 35 15 2.3G . Potgieter (E.P.) ...... 13.4 0 53 16 3.3O. Will iams (W.P) ..... 72 15 166 34 4.9A. Sabotker (W.P.) 102 19 161 21 7.7A. Philander (B.P.) 109 22 294 33 8.9

The standard of cricket seenat this tourn ament can be jud gedas very low, for besides WesternProvince, no ne of the other par­tici pa ting centres was above theclu b level of a Cape side. WesternProvince could ha ve selected foursides all of whom could have runthrough the visiting opposition.All told this tournament has notdone our cricket any good . Besidesthe poor impression given by thevisiting centres , a fa lse sense ofsuperior ity ha s been given to theWestern Provi nce players, for withthe mediocre. opposition , fan ta sticfigures were achieved by bothbowlers and batsmen. T hIS ma yprove harmful in the long run, asthese figures may over-value aplayer, whose real ability has nottruly been tested against goodopposi tion.

F or Western Pro vince there wasno opposition whatso ever. I pitythese self-same players if theyha ve to meet players like Worrell,Weekes, Sobers, etc . They wouldbe 'murdered' on the cr icket field.

Some of our tried and experi­enced players showed their worthand deserved their success, but, asI have stated, any other playereven if he ' played in the fourthWestern Province team, couldhave met with similar success. Somuch for the opposition.

A Fine Side

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A lack of seriousness in theircricket was noticeable among thevisiting players, wh ich is a faultth at ha s to be remedied if ourcricket is to impro ve. A typicalexam ple was the Eastern Province­T ransvaal: match, in whi ch th elatter team simply threw awaythei r wickets in order to finishthe match th e sa me day, withthe resul t that the Ea stern Pro­vince bow ler , G . Potgieter, whohad hardly sho wn any ability inthe first four games, was pre­sented "with 10 gift wickets. Onpaper thi s looks impressive, butin real ity it tends to over-rate abowler with average capabilities.

Among the other provinces,players like A. Philander (E .P.),J . N iekerk (D iamond Fields), P.Sampson (Tv L), A. Coericius(S.W. Districts), R. Montgomery(Nata l), and G . Hendricks (E.P.),did shine, but only amongst them­selves and . not against the cham­pions, with one exception - 42­year-old A. Philander - EasternProvince's opening bowler, whowas still able to sh ow theyounger cricketers a thing or twoby capturing 33 wickets in thetournament for an average of8.9, a fine ach ievement for onewho has played representative

-s cricket sin ce 1942.Western Province, in all five

matches ' whi ch they won by aninnings and many, many runs tospare, had a fine side, with battingrigh t up to No. 10, and practi­cally every memher a bowl er ofno mean ability. Basil D'Olivierawho met with so much success inKenya as a bowler besides en­hancing his reputation as a bats­man, did not bowl an overthroughout the tournament, andhis batting also suffered, as' othermembers did enough to registerthe big scores they got. When hedid bat, it was only to hit u prun s as hst as he could , forthe interests of his team ha d tocome before his personal tall y ofruns . His captaincy and field­placing were masterly. The onlyblemish throughout the tourna­ment was his failure to bat No. 4in the first match. He allowed histeam-mates to enjoy the run­ma king spree. T his i" the type ofsportsman Basil is. He puts histeam before personal glo r ification.

Mr. Varachia, one of the threeNational Selectors who came

SP()RTLIGHT~by

"DULE

THE South Af rican ColouredIn ter-Provincial Cricket tour­

nament which took place in CapeTown concluded last week wi thWestern Province retaining theSir David Harri s Trophy for thesecond consecutive time, thusfirmly consolidating themselves asthe premier province in 'thecountry.

The tou rnament , whi ch tookplace at two separate venues , waswell ar ranged, wit h the groundsin tip-top condition. especially atPri ncet on, Wynb erg, but th e dis­appointing factor was the poorattendance. This is indeed sur­prising , for the Cape, with itshuge cricket following, can surelyattract bigger crowds. One hasonly to go to Newlands to seehow many thousands of Non­Europeans patronise cricket whichis sometimes much inferior to thatpro vided by ou r own players .Perha ps th is can be a ttr ibuted tothe unsuitable situation of thegrounds, and also the lack ofsea ti ng facil ities .

Away With RacialismOne point which can ' be made

is that these tournaments, as longas they are run on a racial basis .will never draw the crowds thatcan be confidently expected in anon-racial game. The Indian, theBarnato, the Bantu and now theColoured tournament in succes­s ion, hav e pro ved a financial" flop," and many more suchtournaments will meet th e samefate . But let there be a provincialmatch wi th no racial barrier , andwe shall really sec the turnstilesclick. This was proved when theKenyans met Western Pr?VlOce.

Milnerton Handicap: THUNDERF LASH. Danger, Stan.

Progress 7: C AWCUTf'S SE­LECTED. Danger. Woodleigh.

3-Year-0Id Stakes: TRUE PANA­TA. Danger, Steel Courage.

Maiden prate: GUM CAP. Dan­ger, Naval Honour.

Juveni le Stakes: F R EN C HD RAMA, Danger, Streamline.

---0>----,-

Condemed .byLeaders

Mr. M. E. Mpemba (26), well-known member of the Langa ANC, wasburied with full Congress honours after he was killed in a tragicaccident a few days before last Christmas. Here the funeral cortegeis seen led by churchmen and members of the Cape Western executivecommittee of the ANC. The hearse is preceded by ANC flag-bearers

and flanked by volunteers.

20 Charged withIllegal Procession

CAPE TOWN.Twen ty people have been sum­

mo nsed to appear in the WynbergMagistrate's Court on January 26tc? face a charge that they orga­niscd ~r took part in an illegalprocession at Langa last Novem­ber 16 following an ANC meetingprotesting against the issue ofpasses for women.

The accused are Annie Silinga,Franc ina Mamfanya, Zollie Ma­lindi, Elizabeth Pharela, Lettici..,Sibeko, Nora Tholeni , Clara Se­kamotho, Maria Khakane, Lo uisaMkonto. A ngelinah Kgosinoka,Girl ie Qalinga, Bealah Maband­lela, Evelinah Xhosa, Elsie Sun­gulwa, Lelie Ma dakali, EvelinahK laas, Ade laide Ma bu da , Jose­phina Jamani and Cornish Mq a­kayi.

Racing at MilnertonThese arc Dam on's selections

for Saturd ay:Stewards' Cup H and icap : EXA-

GERATE. Danger. AppealCo urt.

Ascot Hand icap : ROYAL MET.Danger, Naval Ho nou r.

3 and 4-Year-0Id Handicap:CAIR N FEAST. Danger , Re ­corder.

R8AL-' IMBASS DORSNOT WANTED-

Verwoerd's ~on

Africm

SHAMEFUL R ECORD

M ILNERTtN T URF CLUB

JO HANNESBURC tha t there is no opposition to the~E "t~j ba l ambassadors" tl be G~.vernment's policy," she sa id.

ap pointed by the G overn rent What we want is direct repre-in all cit ies and towns will be sen ta tion in Parli ament. Thevigorously o pposed by alI zfri- strength of rea l democracy lies inca ns In urban areas, sa id Mr.. J . extending rights and libe rties toHad ebe, T ra nsvaal ANC Sere- all the people."tary, in repl y to the Governmot's Mr. Moses, Geol'J:e Goch Ad·an nouncement that it will irro- visory Board, said:duce legislation th is yea r to iro- "Th e introduction of Govern­Vide £01 th e appointment of ment tr iba l agent s in urban areas"t riba l ambassadors" in uban will create a clash between thea reas. urban Africans and their rural

Chiefs. The people are aware ofwhat is happening in Zeerust.Bant u Authorit ies in urban areascanno t work.

"Nobody oan stop the peoplewhen they ant marching forwardto fre edom. If the Chiefs stand inth eir wa y the people will removethem," he warned.

" It is a well-known fact hatever since it came into powerthisGovernment has been foringthrough Parliament one backvardlaw after another with the ain ofswitching the clock back to rib ­al ism," he said.

The Government al ready las ashameful recor d in its a ttern ps toimpose its hated Bantu Autho ttiesscheme, and has destroyed om­pletely the formerly peaefultribal communities of ZeerustandSekhukhuneland.

" We shall do all we can te de­fend and save ourselves from there-tribalisation forced upon usth rou gh tribal ambassadors andother Governm ent-pa id reneg.des,puppe ts, and stooges. No lessla­tron based on force and fear willstop us . We shall use all m anspossible to make our voices h ardnot only here but th roughou theworld," he said.

"We call upon all those thathave eyes to see and all the ....NCbranches to oraantse and Iljedthe an pointmeu in their midst ofthese 'tribal ambassadors' andGovernment aents.'

The so-calle, "emancipation" ofBantu territo res In excha nge forthe Nat .ve R e-rescntat ives in Pa r­liament and t'e Advisory Boardsis an illusior sa id Mrs. ViolaHa she, forme member of theRoodepoort /dvisory Board, inan inte rview vith New Age.

"Th e extenion of the BantuAu thorities svt ern to the urbanareas Will not set us free but wiIl,instead. give he G overnm ent ano nportunitv te use th ose 'a rnbas ­'>,ldor,' a , it, '?ent'i to make sure

R~CING

ATISCOT

SATU~DAY, 11thf J.OOO STIW AR DS' CU P

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AND

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