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CU HI THO LUN A CHT MI TRNG

Cu 1:nh ngha cht thi rn?Anh hng ca n n mi trng?CTR bao gm tt c nhng cht thi dng rn ,pht sinh do hot ng ca con ngui v

sinh vt,c thi b khi chng khng cn hu ch hay khi con ngi khng mun sdng na.Anh hng ca n n mi trng:

Vic qun ly cht thi rn khng hp ly ,dn ti: nhim ngun nc, nhimkhng kh.

Nc r r nhng bi chn lp khng hp v sinh gy ra nhim ngun ncmt , ngun nc ngm.

Trong khu hm m,nc r r t thi b cht thi,c chac cc c t nguy hinh:ng,arsenic,uraniuml nguyn nhn khin nc ngm b nhim.

Mc d thin nhin c kh nng pha long,phn tn nhng kh nng ng ha chc gii hn ,nu hm lng cc cht qu cao s gy ra mt cn bng sinh thi

Cu 2:Phn loi bi chn lp cht thi rn:Phn loi theo hnh thc chn lp: Bi h Chn di bin Bi chn lp hp v sinh

Phn loi theo chc nng: Loi bi CTR I: CTR nguy hi Loi bi CTR II: CTR quy nh

Loi bi CTRIII:CTR sinh hot.Phn loi theo a hnh : Phng php o h rnh Phng php chn lp trn khu vc t bng phng Phng php hm ni li lm

Phn loi theo cht thi rn tip nhn: Bi chn lp cht thi rn kh Bi chn lp CTR t Bi chn lp CTR hn hp

Phn loi theo kt cu:

Bi chn lp ni Bi chn lp chm Bi chn lp hn hp

Phn loi theo quy m: Loi bi nh:din tch =50ha

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Cu 3:iu kin a cht ca bi chn lp CTRKhu vc c la chn phi c kh nng tiu thot nc ,ngn nga ng trong khuvc bi chn lp v xung quanh.Phi c d liu v dng chy lin tc ,dng chy gin on v c tnh ca dng phn

phi phi c thu thp y .Lp t ph ln CTR trong chn lp sau 1 ngy hot ng hay lp t bao ph cuicng sau khi hot ng chn lp ti BCL kt thc l cn thit v vt liu bao ph ph hpth thi gian hot ng ca bi mi tngBCL khng c xy dng trn bi t mm.,khng b st ln,khng gn nhng khe tnt. V d nh tm v tr chn lp cht thi nguy hai: nh a cht phi tm hiu chnh

xc v tr v lp bn trc khi bt u vn loi thi. c bit quan trngtrong xc nh v tr nc ngt v i a l cha chng t xa hoc ging du bb hoang hoc hm ga mt cch tt nht . h thng quan trc su khoan xunqua nhng h b nhng v tr ln cn tt nht kim tra s dch chuyn ca cht

thi, s kim tra mng tt hn khi khoan qua tng nc ngt c th kim tra tngnc ngt nhn bit nhanh chng mt s s dch chuyn ln ca cht thi.

Cu 4:Cc khu c bn thit k bi chn lp CTR: thit k BCL rc trc ht cn c : Ti liu quy hoch ca thi Ti liu v a hnh,a cht,thy vn ,kh hu ca khu vc . m bo khong cch thch hp khi la chn BCL.

Yu cu i vi thit k: Din tch s dng phi ln. Thao tc vn hnh ,xy dng phi thun li ,r rng.

m bo hp v sinh,c h thng x l nc thi,kh thi,trnh nh hng nngi dn xung quanh.

Theo quy m a hnh ca BCL m ta c hoc gim mt s cng trinh nh: chn lp H thng thu gom x l kh thi, nc thi. H thng thot nc mt nc ma. Hng ro vnh ai cy xanh H thng giao thng.

Cu 5:Th no l cht thi nguy hi?Phng php x ly cht thi nguy hi?Cht thi nguy hi:

Cht gy c cao cho ngi v nhng sinh vt khc Cht thi c th gy n v chy khi phi by ra khng kh Cht thi c kh nng n mn khng khip Cht thi c cc tnh cht khng n nhPhng php x ly cht thi nguy hi?

Phng php ha hc v vt ly : Phung php lc Phng php kt ta

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Phng php OXH- kh ng rn v n nh cht thi.

Phng php nhit: S dng cht thi nguy hi lm nhin liu Cng ngh t

Phng php sinh hc: X ly hiu kh X ly k kh Phn hy cht thi nguy hi trong t v bn.

Cu 6:Secure Landfill l g?L ch chn ct cht thi an ton.N c xy dng kh b cc cht tha ha hc vnguy him.Cht thi thng c cha trong cc thng v c chn nhng khu vc ili hn ch v c theo di lin tc .Cc cht chn ct nh vy c t trn nhng tnga cht ngn c s thm r cc cht thi vo nc ngm hoc c lt bng nhngcht khng thm r c.

Nhng v tr c u tin l v tr c hng ro t nhin tt nh l lp trm tch st bndy, kh hu kh, hay mc nc ngm su c th lm gim thiu s di chuyn ca nc rrcCu 7: tp hin nay c nhng bi rc no?Tnh trng nh th no?Rc Thnh ph c dn v 4 bi rc ang hot ng, l: bi chn lp Phc Hip,a Phc, mi bi c cng sut tip nhn 3.000 tn/ngy; bi chn lp G Ct cng suttip nhn 2.000 tn/ngy; bi chn lp ng Thnh hin ti ch tip nhn rc sinh hotcng sut 1.000 tn/ngy.Vi hng ngn tn rc c chn lp hng ngy, Cng ty Mi trng th Thnh ph dng nhiu bin php x l v khc phc nhim nh phun cc ch phm sinh hcchng pht tn mi, chng rui... Nh vy, mi trng ca bi rc cng c ci thin rt

nhiu so vi nhng nm trc. Nhng c 10 tn rc c chn lp trong mt ngy/m,r ra 1m3 nc rc vi cc tp cht v mi hi thi. Do , ti cc bi chn lp thngpht sinh mt khi lng nc r rc rt ln, nht l trong ma ma. Gii php c tnhn ngay t u l ph lp vi a k thut di y cc h chn lp trnh nguy cthm thu nc rc vo t v mch nc ngm, sau bm dn nc ra khu x l ring,trc khi thi ra ngoi mi trng.

bi rc G Ct c nh my x l nc r rc c xy dng t nm 2005, do mt itc H Lan thit k, nhng t khi chy ht cng sut. Nhiu nh nghin cu cho rng,cng ngh ca nh my ch ph hp i vi cc nc pht trin, v rc cc nc nyc phn loi mt cch nghim ngt, hm lng cc cht nhim cng khng qu cao

nh thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc th khc nc ta (rc hu c thng chim 60-70%). Mt chuyn gia v mi trng cho rng, khi thit k, cc chuyn gia H Lan c thkhng tnh n thnh phn rc thi Vit Nam, do cha c phn loi, dn n nc rrc a vo trong h thng x l c khong dao ng rt ln v nng , c nhiu tpcht, nht l hm lng hp cht Amoniac (NH3) v cha nhiu t, ct, cht rn l lng,nn mng lc Nano khng th x l c. Vic hng mng lc Nano lm cho Cng tyMi trng th Thnh ph tiu tn hng t ng. Khng nhng th, nh my c cngsut thit k x l c khong 400 m3 nc r rc/ngy, nhng khi a vo vn hnh th

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ch x l c khong t 20-50 m3 nc r rc/ngy. Do , khi lng nc r rc tnng ngy cng nhiu, c lc lng nc r rc tn ng n 60.000 m3. Mt phn docng ngh cha tht s ph hp, mt phn v bi rc G Ct sau nhiu nm s dng tr nn qu ti, tip nhn hn 4 triu tn rc/nm, vt xa cng sut thit k (3,5 triutn/nm). Trc tnh hnh ny, Cng ty Mi trng th tng cng phun xt cc ch

phm EM x l mi hi v thay th ton b bt ph bng tm nha HDPE ngn ncma. C lc, Cng ty cn dng xe bn vn chuyn khong 800 m3 nc r rc t bi rcG Ct v bi rc ng Thnh x l. Nhng y cng khng phi l phng n hpl, v h cha nc rc ng Thnh cng sp qu ti.

gii quyt trit nc r rc, mi y U ban nhn dn thnh ph H Ch Minh chophp Cng ty SEEN nghin cu xy dng mt h thng ring bit ti G Ct x lton b lng nc r rc tn ng vi cng sut 200 m3/ngy. Trc , Cng ty ny xy dng thnh cng mt nh my x l nc rc ti bi rc Nam Sn - H Ni, vnhnh t ng theo c ch kt hp cng ngh sinh hc v ha hc, ph hp vi s thay ithnh phn v hp cht ca nc r rc u vo, m bo c th x l mt cch tit kim

nht. Cng sut ti a ca nh my l 700m3 nc thi/ngy, m. Chi ph x l ncrc theo tnh ton trong ma kh cng nh ma ma ch khong 30-40.000 ng/m3,bng 1/3 so vi cng ngh nc ngoi. Nc r rc sau khi x l t tiu chun loi Bv c php thi ra mi trng.

Bn cnh vic lm trn, thnh ph H Ch Minh ang u t nhiu tin ca cng sc bin cc bi chn lp rc tr thnh cc Cng trng x l cht thi hp v sinh. Nhiunh my x l cht thi rn, nh my ch to phn bn v ti ch rc ang c xydng, nhm phn u gim dn t l chn lp n nm 2010 cn 50%, v n nm 2015cn 30%. Vic quy hoch, n b thu hi t v hon thin c s h tng cho cc khu linhp x l cht thi rn cng ang c xc tin nh khu lin hp x l cht thi rn tybc C Chi c din tch 822 ha; Khu lin hp x l cht thi rn a Phc din tch 640ha; Khu quy hoch x l cht thi rn Th Tha (Long An) din tch 1.760 ha. Nhiu khuang trng cy xanh trong khi ch lp d n u thu thit k, xy dng cc cng trnhbo v mi trng.

Trong khi thnh ph H Ch Minh hin ang xy dng cc bi rc trc kia thnh Cngtrng x l cht thi, cn H Ni xy dng bi rc Nam Sn thnh khu lin hip x lcht thi vi cng ngh, my mc hin i nhm bo v mi trng, bo v sc khocng ng, th Singapo nm 1999, bi rc cui cng trn t lin ng ca. Vi 370triu USD, Singapo xy dng o cha rc Semakau, rng 350 hcta bng cch nio Pulau Semakau v o Pulau Sakeng qua con p xy bng di 7km. Hng ngy,hn 2.000 tn rc c cc s lan ln ch vo o. Vi cng ngh hin i, rc c tich, lm cho o cha rc Semakau c th cha 63 triu m3 rc, p ng nhu cucha rc Singapo trong vng 50 nm. iu c bit l, Singapo cn xy dng o charc ny thnh ni du lch. Sau nhiu nm hot ng, o rc Semakau mi s dng hnmt na din tch. Rng c v ng thc vt trn o c cc nh mi trng vdu lch chm sc vn pht trin tt. Mt iu ng ngc nhin l ng thc vt sinhtrng mnh o Semakau v cht lng khng kh v nc y rt trong lnh. Ccsinh vt bin phong ph n mc ng ngc nhin, c nhiu loi qu him, khng th tm

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thy ti ni no khc Singapo. Cc nh mi trng c tnh y c khong 55 loichim qu him. T thng 7/2005, o Semakau m ca n khch du lch, h c th ny ngm chim, cu c, hoc do chi lc thy triu ln xung. Semakau l o rc nhnto trn bin va x l rc, va du lch u tin trn th gii.