CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM.doc

150 CU HI TRC NGHIM

N THI CNG CHC NM 2013I. CU HI TRC NGHIM V P N TIN HC VN PHNG1). kt thc vic trnh din trong PowerPoint, ta bm: a). Phm 10 b). Phm ESC c). Phm Enter d). Phm Delete2). Trong bng tnh Excel, ti A2 c sn gi tr s 25 ; Ti B2 g vo cng thc =SQRT(A2) th nhn c kt qu: a). 0 b). 5 c). #VALUE! d). #NAME!3). Trong son tho Word, mun trnh by vn bn dng ct (dng thng thy trn cc trang bo v tp ch), ta thc hin: a). Insert - Column b). View - Column c). Format - Column d). Table - Column4). Bn hiu B-Virus l g ? a). L mt loi virus tin hc ch yu ly lan vo a B: b). L mt loi virus tin hc ch yu ly lan vo cc b tr in c). L loi viurs tin hc ch yu ly lan vo cc mu tin khi ng (Boot record ) d). L loi virus tin hc ch yu ly lan vo cc tp ca WinWord v Excel5). Trong son tho Winword, cng dng ca t hp phm Ctrl - O l: a). M mt h s mi b). ng h s ang m c). M mt h s c d). Lu h s vo a6). my tnh c th lm vic c, h iu hnh cn np vo: a). Ram b). B nh ngoi c). Ch np vo b nh trong khi chy chng trnh ng dng d). Tt c u sai7). Khi ang son tho vn bn Word, mun phc hi thao tc va thc hin th bm t hp phm: a). Ctrl Z b). Ctrl X c). Ctrl - V d). Ctrl - Y8). Trong khi lm vic vi Word, t hp phm tt no cho php chn tt c vn bn ang son tho: a). Ctrl + A b). Alt + A c). Alt + F d). Ctrl + F9). Trong bng tnh Excel, ti A2 c sn gi tr chui "Tin hoc" ; B2 c gi tr s 2008. Ti C2 g vo cng thc =A2+B2 th nhn c kt qu: a). #VALUE! b). Tin hoc c). 2008 d). Tin hoc200810). Di gc a l, mng my tnh c phn bit thnh: a). Mng cc b, mng din rng, mng ton cu b). Mng cc b, mng din rng, mng ton cc c). Mng cc b, mng ton cc, mng ton cu d). Mng din rng, mng ton cu, mng ton cc11). Trong son tho Winword, cng dng ca t hp phm Ctrl - H l : a). To tp vn bn mi b). Chc nng thay th trong son tho c). nh dng ch hoa d). Lu tp vn bn vo a12). Khi ang lm vic vi Excel, t hp phm no cho php ngay lp tc a con tr v u tin ( A1) ca bng tnh ? a). Shift+Home b). Alt+Home c). Ctrl+Home d). Shift+Ctrl+Home13). Khi ang lm vic vi Windows, mun khi phc li i tng xa trong Recycle Bin, ta thc hin: a). Chn i tng, ri chn File - Copy b). Chn i tng, ri chn File - Open c). Chn i tng, ri chn File - Restore d). Chn i tng, ri chn File - Move To Folder...14). Trong khi lm vic vi Excel, nhp vo cng thc tnh ton cho mt , trc ht ta phi g: a). Du chm hi (?) b). Du bng (= ) c). Du hai chm (: ) d). Du la ($)15). Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPoint, mun thit lp li b cc (trnh by v vn bn, hnh nh, biu ,...) ca Slide, ta thc hin : a). Format - Slide Layout... b). View - Slide Layout... c). Insert - Slide Layout... d). File - Slide Layout...16). Pht biu no sau y ng? a). Biu ct rt thch hp so snh d liu c trong nhiu ct b). Biu hnh trn rt thch hp m t t l ca gi tr d liu so vi tng th c). Biu ng gp khc dng so snh d liu v d on xu th tng hay gim ca d liu d). C 3 cu u ng17). Trong ch to bng (Table) ca phn mm Winword, mun tch mt thnh nhiu , ta thc hin: a). Table - Cells b). Table - Merge Cells c). Tools - Split Cells d). Table - Split Cells18). Trong bng tnh Exce, nu trong mt tnh c cc k hiu #####, iu c ngha l g? a). Chng trnh bng tnh b nhim virus b). Cng thc nhp sai v Excel thng bo li c). Hng cha c cao qu thp nn khng hin th ht ch s d). Ct cha c rng qu hp nn khng hin th ht ch s19). Trong son tho Winword, mun nh dng vn bn theo kiu danh sch, ta thc hin: a). File - Bullets and Numbering b). Tools - Bullets and Numbering c). Format - Bullets and Numbering d). Edit - Bullets and Numbering20). Trong ch to bng (Table) ca phn mm Winword, gp nhiu thnh mt , ta thc hin : Chn cc cn gp, ri chn menu lnh : a). Table - Merge Cells b). Tools - Split Cells c). Tools - Merge Cells d). Table - Split Cells21). Khi ang lm vic vi Windows, mun xem t chc cc tp v th mc trn a, ta c th s dng : a). My Computer hoc Windows Explorer b). My Computer hoc Recycle Bin c). Windows Explorer hoc Recycle Bin d). My Computer hoc My Network Places22). Trong mng my tnh, thut ng LAN c ngha g? a). Mng cc b b). Mng din rng c). Mng ton cu d). Mt ngha khc23). Trong Excel, ti A2 c gi tr l chui TINHOC. Ti B2 g cng thc =RIGHT(A2,3) th nhn c kt qu ? a). 3 b). HOC c). TIN d). Tinhoc24). Trong son tho Winword, cng dng ca t hp phm Ctrl - S l: a). Xa tp vn bn b). Chn k hiu c bit c). Lu tp vn bn vo a d). To tp vn bn mi25). Trong Windows, khi xa file hoc folder th n c lu trong Recycle Bin, mun xa hn file hoc folder ta bm t hp phm ? a). Shift_Del b). Alt_Del c). Ctrl_Del d). C 3 cu u sai26). Trong khi lm vic vi Excel, mun lu bng tnh hin thi vo a, ta thc hin a). Window - Save b). Edit - Save c). Tools - Save d). File - Save27). Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPoint, mun trnh din ti liu c son tho, ta thc hin : a). File - View Show b). Window - View Show c). Slide Show - View Show d). Tools - View Show28). Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPoint, chn thm mt Slide mi, ta thc hin: a). Edit - New Slide b). File - New Slide c). Slide Show - New Slide d). Insert - New Slide29). Trong khi ang son tho vn bn Word, t hp phm Ctrl + V thng c s dng : a). Ct mt on vn bn b). Dn mt on vn bn t Clipboard c). Sao chp mt on vn bn d). Ct v sao chp mt on vn bn30). Trong kt ni mng my tnh cc b. Cp mng gm my loi? a). 2 b). 3 c). 4 d). 531). Khi lm vic vi Word xong, mun thot khi, ta thc hin a). View - Exit b). Edit - Exit c). Window - Exit d). File - Exit32). Trong Windows, thit t li h thng, ta chn chc nng: a). Control Windows b). Control Panel c). Control System d). Control Desktop33). Trong son tho vn bn Word, mun tt nh du chn khi vn bn (t en), ta thc hin: a). Bm phm Enter b). Bm phm Space c). Bm phm mi tn di chuyn d). Bm phm Tab34). Em s dng chng trnh no ca Windows qun l cc tp v th mc? a). Microsoft Office b). Accessories c). Control Panel d). Windows Explorer35). Trong Windows, mun to mt th mc mi, ta thc hin : a). Edit - New, sau chn Folder b). Tools - New, sau chn Folder c). File - New, sau chn Folder d). Windows - New, sau chn Folder36). Trn mn hnh Word, ti dng c cha cc hnh : t giy trng, a vi tnh, my in, ..., c gi l: a). Thanh cng c nh dng b). Thanh cng c chun c). Thanh cng c v d). Thanh cng c bng v ng vin37). Trong son tho Word, chn tiu trang (u trang v chn trang), ta thc hin: a). Insert - Header and Footer b). Tools - Header and Footer c). View - Header and Footer d). Format - Header and Footer38). Trong Windows, mun tm kim tp hay th mc, ta thc hin: a). File - Search b). Windows - Search c). Start - Search d). Tools - Search39). Trong windows, ca s Explore, chn mt lc cc file hoc folder nm lin k nhau trong mt danh sch ? a). Gi phm Ctrl v nhy chut vo tng mc mun chn trong danh sch b). Gi phm Alt v nhy chut vo tng mc mun chn trong danh sch c). Nhy chut mc u, n v gi Shift nhy chut mc cui d). Gi phm Tab v nhy chut vo tng mc mun chn trong danh sch40). Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPonit, mun thay i thit k ca Slide, ta thc hin a). Format - Slide Design... b). Tools - Slide Design... c). Insert - Slide Design... d). Slide Show - Slide Design...41). Cu no sau y sai? Khi nhp d liu vo bng tnh Excel th: a). D liu kiu s s mc nhin cn thng l tri b). D liu kiu k t s mc nhin cn thng l tri c). D liu kiu thi gian s mc nhin cn thng l phi d). D liu kiu ngy thng s mc nhin cn thng l phi42). Bn hiu Virus tin hc ly lan bng cch no? a). Thng qua ngi s dng, khi dng ty m t s dng my tnh b). Thng qua h thng in - khi s dng nhiu my tnh cng mt lc c). Thng qua mi trng khng kh - khi t nhng my tnh qu gn nhau d). Cc cu trn u sai43). Trong bng tnh Excel, ti A2 c sn gi tr s khng (0); Ti B2 g vo cng thc =5/A2 th nhn c kt qu: a). 0 b). 5 c). #VALUE! d). #DIV/0!44). Trong cc dng a ch sau y, a ch no l a ch tuyt i? a). B$1:D$10 b). $B1:$D10 c). B$1$:D$10$ d). $B$1:$D$1045). Trong WinWord, son tho mt cng thc ton hc phc tp, ta thng dng cng c : a). Microsoft Equation b). Ogranization Art c). Ogranization Chart d). Word Art46). H iu hnh l : a). Phn mm ng dng b). Phn mm h thng c). Phn mm tin ch d). Tt c u ng47). Trong Winword, sao chp mt on vn bn vo Clipboard, ta nh du on vn ; sau : a). Chn menu lnh Edit - Copy b). Bm t hp phm Ctrl - C c). C 2 cu a. b. u ng d). C 2 cu a. b. u sai48). Trong WinWord, thun tin hn trong khi la chn kch thc l tri, l phi, ...; ta c th khai bo n v o : a). Centimeters b). n v o bt buc l Inches c). n v o bt buc l Points d). n v o bt buc l Picas49). Trong bng tnh Excel, iu kin trong hm IF c pht biu di dng mt php so snh. Khi cn so snh khc nhau th s dng k hiu no? a). # b). c). >5,100,IF(5C. Ctrl + Shift + = 50000, C31:C35), kt qu l :

a. 17

b. 25

c. 13

d. Bo li v cng thc sai

47. Khi ta nhp cng thc sau : = SUMIF(A:D35, >=50000,D31.D35 kt qu

l :

a. 205000 b. 155000 c. 0

d. bo li v cng thc sai

48. Khi ta nhp cng thc sau : = LEN(TRIM(ABCDEF)), kt qua s l

a. 9

b. 7

c. 6

d. 0

49. B4 ta c cng thc l : =B$2*$C3 . Khi sao chp cng thc n y qua D6

th cng thc tr th nh

a. E$#C5 b. D$#$C5 c. E$2#$C3 d. D$2#$C5

50. Khi ta g cng thc : =DAY(DATEVALUE(12/03/98) th kt qu l :

a. 12

b. 03

c. 98


51. tnh tui ca mt ng i sinh ng y 24/11/1983 bit ng y sinh name A2, ta

s g cng thc :

a. = YEAR(TIMEVALUE(A2)) c. = YEAR(TODAY0) YEAR(A2)

b. = YEAR(DAY0) - YEAR(A2) d. = YEAR(TODAY0) - YEAR(A2) +1

Cho bng tnh sau (dng cho cu 52 61)

Bng 1

A

B

C

D E F

40 H tn

M CV M KV C V K vc H s

41 NVA

TP

QD

? ? ?

42 NTB

PP

TN

? ? ?

43 TTC

PP

LD

? ? ?

44 PTK

KT

QD

? ? ?

45 DCL

NV

LD

? ? ?

Bng 2

D

E

FGH M CV M KV C V K vc H s

41 NVA

TP

QD

? ? ?

42 NTB

PP

TN

? ? ?

43 TTC

PP

50 M K Vc

QD

LD TN

51 K Vc

Quc doanh Lin doanh T nhn

Bng 3

A

B

50 M CV

C V

51 TP

Trng phng

52 PP

Ph phng

53 KT

K ton

54 NV

Nhn vin

52. in cng thc cho ct KVc in vo khu vc ca tng ngi:

a. = Vlookup(C41, $E$50:$G$51,2,0)

b. = Vlookup(C41, $E$50:$G$51,2,1)

c. = Vlookup(C41, $E$50:$G$Sn xut

d. = Vlookup(41, $E$50:$G$51,2,1)

53. in cng thc cho ct Cv in v o chc v t ng ng i:

a. =Hlookup(C41,$A$51:$B$54,2,1)

b. =Hlookup(C41,$A$51:$B$54,2,0)

c. =Vlookup(C41,$A$51:$B$54,2,1)

d. =Vlookup(C41,$A$51:$B$54,2,0)

54. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =MATCH(TN, c40:C45,0) th kt qu s l :

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4


55. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = INDEX(A:F45,2,3) th kt qu s l :

a. M KV b. QD

c. TN

d. LD

56. Khi ta nhp cng thc 1: = LEFT(A1)&INDEX(A40:F45,3,2) th kt qu s l :

a. NPP b. NQD c. N&PP d. N&QD

57. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = MID(A40,2,5) th kt qu l :

a. O

b. o t

c. o te

d. o t

58. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =MID(PROPER(A40),2,4) th kt qu l :

a. o

b. o T

c. o Te

d. o T

59. Khi ta g cng thc : = TRIM(A40) th kt qu s l ?

a. H ten b. H tn c. H tn d. H tn

60. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = MID(LOWE(UPPER(A40)),2,4) th kt qu l :

a. T

b. te

c. t

d. Te

61. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =MID(B40,MATCH(QD,c40:C45,0),5) th kt qu l :

a.

b. C

c. CV d. Cng thc sai

Cho bng s liu sau y (d ng cho cu 62 69)

A B C D

56 QD LD TN

57 TP 75 80 90

58 PP 60 65 70

59 KT 45 50 55

60 NV 30 35 40

62. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = MATCH(65,B57:B60) th kt qu s l :

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

63. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = MATCH(50,C56:C60,0) + INDEX(A56:D60,3,4) th kt

qu s l :

a. 73

b. 74

c. 53

d. 54

64. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = INT(-C57/9)&RIGHT(B58) th kt qu s l :

a. -90

b. -80

c. -960 d. -90

65. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =COUNTA(2,INT(B60/15), (INDEX(A56:D60,2,3) th kt

qu s l :

a. 2

b. 3

c. 80

d. 30

66. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =ABS(INT(LEFT(B57)&RIGHT(D60))) th kt qu s l :

a. cn 70 b. cn 70 c. 70

d. -70

67. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = INDEX(D56:D60,LEN(A58),LEFT(C60) th kt qu l :

a. 80

b. 35

c. 3


68. S 57.5 l s chnh gi a ca d y s ct C, ta phi g cng thc n o c kt qu

nh vy:

a. =MEDIAN(C56:C60,0)

b. = MEDIAN(C57:C60,0)

c. = MEDIAN(C56:C60)

d. = MEDIAN(C57:C60)

69. Cho bit kt qu ca cng thc sau: = COUNTIF(A56:D60>62.9)

a. 60

b. 5

c. 62.9

d. 6

Bng s liu sau y d ng cho cu 70 83

A B C

D E

F

1 Tn Bc lng C V M KT

Tm ng Lng

2 Thi 273

TP A 50000 300000

3 H 310

PP C 45000 160000

4 Vn 330

NV B 50000 200000

5 Ngc 450

CN D 35000 100000

6 Uyn 270

TK A 25000 300000

70. Khi ta nhp cng thc : =MID(A3,1,2)&MID(A6,1,2) th kt qu s l :

a. HUy b. HaUy c. H Uy d. H U

71. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = VLOOKUP(310,A1:F6,2,0) th kt qu s l :

a. 310

b. pp

c. 45000 d. Bo li v cng thc sai

72. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = CHOOSE(TP,C2:C6,0) th kt qu s l :

a. 0

b. 1

c. TP


73. Cho bit kt qu ca cng thc sau : = LEFT(F1,(LEN(D1)-3))

a. L

b. Lo

c. L


74. Cho bit kt qu khi nhp cng thc sau: = PRODUCT(INDFX(A1:F6,5,6),3)

a. 75000 b. 300000 c. 100000 d. 3

75. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = Bn tn l &LEFT(A3)&MID(C1,3,1)&RIGHT(A6,1)

th kt qu l :

a. Bn tn l Hun

b. Bn tn l Hu

c. Bn tn l H n

d. Bn tn l H

76. Kt qu ca cng thc: = HLOOKUP(B2,B2:F6,2,0) l g:

a. 273

b. 310

77. Cho mt cng thc : = ROUND(E2,-3) s cho kt qu l :

a. 50

b. 500

c. 5000 d. 50000

78. Khi ta nhp cng thc sau: MATCH(15000,F2:F6,-1) s cho kt qu l :

a. 3

b. 2

c. 1

d. 0

79. tnh tng tin tm ng ca nhng ngi c M KT l A th ta phi g cng

thc :

a. = SUMIF(D2D6,A,E2E6) c. = SUMIF(AF:F6,DI=AE2:E6)

b. = SUMIF(D2D6,DI=AE2:E6) d. = SUMIF(A1:F6,A,E2:E6)

80. Khi ta nhp cng thc : = DSUM(A1:F6,5,B8:B9) th kt qu l my nu B8, B9

khng c d kin no:

a. 75000 b.95000 c. 100000 d.205000

81. Mun bit bn tn Thi gi chc v g, ta phi g h m nh th n o?

a. = VLOOKUP(A2,A1:F6,3,1)

b. = VLOOKUP(A2,A300:F6,3,1)

c. = VLOOKUP(A2,A2:F6,3,0)

d. = VLOOKUP(A2,A1:F6,3,)

82. Cho bit kt qu ca cng thc sau: = SUMPRODUCT(B2:B6) l g

a. L tng ca tch t B2 n B6

b. L tch t B2 n B6

c. L tng t B2 n B6

d. Tt c u sai

83. Khi g cng thc : = EXP(F5) th kt qu l :

a. e100000 b. 1000000e c. Ln100000 d. Tt c u sai

84. Nu B4 c d kin l 28/02/96 v C4 c d kin l 09/03/96 th cng thc :

= INT((C4-B4/7) c kt qu l bao nhiu?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

85. Trong h m t i chnh, th Type c gi tr l bao nhiu khi ta l i hoc khng vit

trong cng thc:

a. -1

b. 0

c. 1

d. Tt c u sai

86. Khi chn trong mc Edit/Paste Special ch mc Comments d ng :

a. Chp nh dng

c. Chp b rng

b. Chp gi tr trong d. Chp ghi ch

87. Chc nng Data/Consolidate th Reference d ng xc nh d liu d ng

thng k thng qua a ch ca n. iu quan trng l field u tin ca phm vi n y

phi l :

a. L field m ta d ng phn nhm thng k.

b. L field m ta cn tnh

c. L field c cha d liu kt hp

d. L field c phm vi d liu

88. Trc khi to bng Pivot Table, ta phi kim tra li xem bng tnh :

a. sort theo th t cha.

b. c v ng tng hp cha

c. l tiu chun ca c s d liu cha

d. Khng cn g thm

89. Auto Filter khng thc hin c iu g sau y:

a. Trch theo tn bt u

b. Trch theo kiu And gi a cc kiu logic

c. Theo cc mu tin ca c s d liu

d. Theo mnh On gi a cc fieldname

90. Trong Excel mt hm c th cha ti a bao nhiu i s

a. 15

b. 30

c. 45

d. 50

D. MICROSOFT POWER POINT:

91. Dng no sau y dng xem mt slide duy nht

a. Normal view

c. outline view

b. Slide show

d. slide view

92. Bn c th i m u nn ca cc slide theo cch tt nht sau y:

a. Chn format/background

b. Nhp v o nt fill color trn thanh drawing

c. Chn format/slide design

d. Chn format/objects

93. Phn m rng ca power point l g?

a. PPP

b. PPF

c. POP d. POW

94. Cc slide ca presentation c th c xem di my dng khc nhau:

a. 3

b. 4

c. 5

d. 6

95. Slide color scheme l g

a. b mu chun ca power point

c. mu nn

b. Chn mu vo cc slide

d. tn ca mt slide mi

96. Nghi thc chuyn tp tin thng qua mi tr ng mng l :

a. http

b. html

c. www d. fpt

97. Phn history trong mng internet d ng :

a. Lit k cc trang web d ng trong qu kh

b. Lit k cc a ch mail d ng

c. Lit k tn cc trang web

d. Lit k s ng i s dng mng internet

98. Web site l g

a. l mt ngn ng siu vn bn

b. L hnh thc trao i thng tin di dng th thng qua h thng mng my tnh

c. l cc file c to ra bi word, excel, power pointri chuyn sang dng

HTML

d. Tt c cc cu u sai

99. Khi thy tn zone trong a ch mail l org th c ngha

a. Thuc lnh vc chnh ph

b. Thuc lnh vc gio dc

c. Thuc lnh vc cung cp thng tin

d. Thuc v cc t chc khc.

100. Cc thng s c bn khi s dng internet mail l a ch mail, a ch hi m,

server chuyn th i, tn truy cp hp th v :

a. Server qun l hp th

b. Server tm kim

c. Server Browser

d. Tt c u sai thi trc nghim tin m 189Cu 1. Trong MS Powerpoint, xo 1 slide trong tp tin trnh din (Presentation) ta thc hin cc bc sau:

A. Chn Slide / Edit / Delete SlideB. Chn Slide / n phm Delete

C. C 2 cu A, B u ng.D. C 2 cu A, B u sai.

Cu 2. lu ni dung trang web ang xem, ta thc hin :

A. File / SaveB. Edit / copyC. File / Save As ...D. Insert / page

Cu 3. Mun in phn ang chn trong vn bn trc ht ta chn File/Print, trong vng Page range chn:

A. SelectionB. AllC. PagesD. Current page

Cu 4. thc hin nh dng ng vin cho bng d liu nm trong tp tin danh sch lp, chn bng d liu , nhn chut vo thc n lnh Format - Cells. Trong hp thoi Format Cells, chn th

A. FontB. PatternC. BorderD. Alignment

Cu 5. hin th thng tin chi tit y v Folder v File ta thc hin:

A. Chn menu View -->ThumbnailB. Chn menu View -->Details

C. Chn menu View --> ListD. Chn menu View --> Icons

Cu 6. Trong MS Powerpoint, loi hiu ng no sau y dng ni bt (nhn mnh) i tng khi trnh chiu:

A. EntranceB. Motion PathsC. ExitD. Emphasis

Cu 7. Trong MS Powerpoint, la chn no sau y dng to hiu ng khi xut hin cac slide :

A. Slide Show/Action SettingsB. Slide Show /Slide Transition

C. Slide Show/Custom ShowsD. Slide Show/Custom Animation

Cu 8. Phn m rng mc nh ca tp tin dng trong Microsoft Powerpoint l:

A. DOCB. PPTC. TXTD. XLS

Cu 9. Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPoint, mun thit lp li b cc (trnh by v vn bn, hnh nh, biu ...) ca Slide, ta thc hin:

A. Insert -> Slide Layout ... B. File -> Slide Layout ...

C. Format -> Slide Layout ... D. View -> Slide Layout ...

Cu 10. Trong MS Powerpoint, loi hiu ng no sau y dng di chuyn i tng khi trnh chiu:

A. EmphasisB. ExitC. EntranceD. Motion Paths

Cu 11. a ch $AC$3 l a ch

A. Tuyt iB. Tng iC. Biu din saiD. Hn hp

Cu 12. Trong MS Powerpoint, la chn no sau y dng to hiu ng hot hnh cho cc i tng :

A. Slide Show / Slide TransitionB. Slide Show / Custom Animation

C. Slide Show / Custom Shows D. Slide Show / Action Settings

Cu 13. Trong son tho Word, mun chia vn bn thnh nhiu ct , ta thc hin:

A. View - Column B. Table - ColumnC. Insert - ColumnD. Format - Column

Cu 14. Trong MS Excel, mun nh chng trnh gip v mt vn g , bn chn mc no trong s cc mc sau

A. Vo thc n Tools, chn Help

B. Vo thc n Help, chn Microsoft Excel Help

C. Vo thc n Help, chn About Microsoft Excel

D. Vo thc n Edit, chn Guide

Cu 15. xem nhanh trang bng tnh trc khi in, bn s dng thao tc no di y

A. Vo menu View, chn ZoomB. Vo menu File, chn Web Page Preview

C. Vo menu File, chn PrintD. Vo menu File, chn Print Preview

Cu 16. Trong son tho vn bn Word, cng dng ca t hp phm Ctrl + O l:

A. ng h s ang mB. M mt h s mi

C. Lu h s vo a

D. M mt h s c

Cu 17. Trong MS Powerpoint, sao chp 1 slide trong tp tin trnh din (Presentation), ta chn slide ri thc hin :

A. n t hp phm Ctrl-V B. Edit / Cut

C. Edit / Copy

D. C 3 cu trn u ng

Cu 18. Trong MicroSoft Word , nh s trang t ng, ta thc hin:

A. Insert / Page NumberB. View / Page Number

C. Tools / Page NumberD. C 3 cu trn u sai.

Cu 19. Khi ang son tho vn bn Word, mun phc hi thao tc va thc hin th bm t hp phm:

A. Ctrl - XB. Ctrl - Y C. Ctrl - Z D. Ctrl - V

Cu 20. Khi ang lm vic vi HH Windows, chn ng thi nhiu i tng lin tip, ta dng chut kt hp vi phm:

A. ShiftB. TabC. Alt D. ESC

thi trc nghim tin hc A M 189

Cu 1. thay i rng ct trong excel, ta thc hin :

A. Edit / Columns Width

B. Fortmat / Columns / Width

C. Tools / Columns WidthD. View / toolbar / Columns / Width


A. ExitB. Motion PathsC. EntranceD. Emphasis

Cu 3. thay i vai tr nt tri v nt phi chut, ta thc hin :

A. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / buttons / switch primary and secondary buttons

B. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / pointer options

C. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / pointer

D. C 3 cu trn u sai.

Cu 4. Khi ang lm vic vi PowerPoint, mun thit lp li b cc (trnh by v vn bn, hnh nh, biu ...) ca Slide, ta thc hin:

A. Insert -> Slide Layout ... B. Format -> Slide Layout ...

C. View -> Slide Layout ... D. File -> Slide Layout ...


A. Slide Show / Slide TransitionB. Slide Show / Action Settings

C. Slide Show / Custom AnimationD. Slide Show / Custom Shows

Cu 6. Trong cc pht biu sau, pht biu no ng

A. Bng tnh gm 24 ct v 10 dng, trong 24 ct tng ng vi 24 ch ci v 10 dng l 10 gi tr hin c

B. Bng tnh ch c 24 ct. Cc ct c nh s th t t A,B,...,Y,Z

C. Bng tnh c th c n 256 ct. Cc ct c nh th t bng cc ch ci A,B,C .. Z,AA, AB,AC..

D. Bng tnh c th ln n 512 ct. Cc ct c nh s th t t A,B,...,Y,Z,AA, AB,AC..

Cu 7. la chn cc vng lin k nhau trong bng tnh, bn cn s dng chut kt hp vi phm no

A. Ctrl v ShiftB. AltC. CtrlD. Shift


A. DOCB. TXTC. XLSD. PPT

Cu 9. Trong MS Powerpoint, chn thm 1 trang (slide) mi vo tp tin trnh din (Presentation) ta dng lnh:

A. Insert / New Slide

B. Insert / Slide Number

C. File / New

D. Insert / Slides from files

Cu 10. Trong MS Powerpoint, loi hiu ng no sau y lm bin mt i tng khi trnh chiu:

A. ExitB. EntranceC. EmphasisD. Motion Paths


A. ExitB. EmphasisC. Motion PathsD. Entrance

Cu 12. thc hin nh dng ng vin cho bng d liu nm trong tp tin danh sch lp, chn bng d liu , nhn chut vo thc n lnh Format - Cells. Trong hp thoi Format Cells, chn th

A. AlignmentB. BorderC. PatternD. Font

Cu 13. Trong MS Powerpoint, xo 1 slide trong tp tin trnh din (Presentation) ta thc hin cc bc sau:




A. Alt B. ShiftC. ESCD. Tab


A. Insert / pageB. Edit / copyC. File / Save As ...D. File / Save

Cu 16. Mun hin th hoc che du mt s thanh cng c ca Word, vic u tin cn thc hin l nhn chut vo thanh thc n lnh no?

A. InsertB. FileC. ToolsD. View

Cu 17. Trong MS Word, khi mun g ch s di (nh H2O) th chn lnh Format --> Font v chn:

A. SubscriptB. StrikethroughC. SuperscriptD. Double Strikethrough

Cu 18. Khi khi ng my tnh phn chng trnh no chy trc?

A. Chng trnh g du ting VitB. Chng trnh Word hoc Excel

C. H iu hnh WindowsD. Chng trnh dit virus my tnh

Cu 19. Khi s dng Microsoft PowerPoint trnh din, mun tr li slide trc ta phi n phm:

A. PgUpB. EnterC. PgDnD. Esc


A. Edit / Copy

B. Edit / Cut

C. n t hp phm Ctrl-V D. C 3 cu trn u ng

thi trc nghim tin hc A M 223

Cu 1. chn ton b cc trn bng tnh bng t hp phm bn chn:

A. Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + AB. Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Alt +Space

C. Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + AllD. C ba cch trn u c


A. File / New

B. Insert / New Slide

C. Insert / Slide Number

D. Insert / Slides from files

Cu 3. Mun hin th thanh cng c Tables and Borders trn mn hnh lm vic ca Word ta chn lnh:

A. File/Toolbars

B. View/Toolbars

C. Table/Draw Tables

D. Table/Insert Table


A. CtrlB. AltC. Ctrl v ShiftD. Shift

Cu 5. Trong MS Powerpoint, xo 1 slide trong tp tin trnh din (Presentation) ta thc hin cc bc sau:



Cu 6. Khi s dng Microsoft PowerPoint trnh din, mun chm dt ch trnh din ta phi:

A. Nhn phm Break

B. Nhn phm Esc

C. Nhn phm Space BarD. Nhn phm Enter


A. ESCB. ShiftC. TabD. Alt


A. M mt h s c

B. M mt h s mi

C. Lu h s vo a

D. ng h s ang m

Cu 9. Phn m rng ca tp tin thng th hin:

A. Ngy/gi thay i tp tin ln sau cngB. Kch thc ca tp tin

C. Kiu tp tin

D. Tn th mc cha tp tin

Cu 10. nh dng d liu ti ct im l kiu s c mt ch s phn thp phn, ta chn ct d liu, nhp chut vo thc n lnh Format, chn:

A. CellsB. Conditional Formatting

C. AutoFormatD. Column

Cu 11. thay i rng ct trong excel, ta thc hin :

A. Edit / Columns Width

B. Tools / Columns Width

C. View / toolbar / Columns / WidthD. Fortmat / Columns / Width

Cu 12. Trong MS Excel, hm no dng m cc rng trong 1 danh sch:

A. COUNTIFB. COUNTBLANK

C. COUNTD. COUNTA

Cu 13. Trong MS Powerpoint, slide t ng gi slide k tip sau 3 giy, ta vo menu Slide Show / Silde Transition, sau kch chut vo nt:

A. PlayB. Slide ShowC. On Mouse ClickD. Automatically after .


A. XLSB. TXTC. PPTD. DOC

Cu 15. Trong MS PowerPoint nh ch trnh chiu lp li nhiu ln, ta s dng menu Slide Show v chn:

A. Setup Show / Loop continuously until 'Esc'

B. Setup Show / Show without narration

C. Custom Show

D. Setup Show / Show without animation

Cu 16. Mun in phn ang chn trong vn bn trc ht ta chn File/Print, trong vng Page range chn:

A. SelectionB. AllC. Current pageD. Pages


A. EscB. EnterC. PgUpD. PgDn


A. n t hp phm Ctrl-V B. Edit / Cut

C. Edit / Copy

D. C 3 cu trn u ng

Cu 19. Thut ng no di y khng phi dng ch mt thnh phn ca Excel ?

A. WorkSpaceB. WorkBookC. WorkSheetD. WorkDocument

Cu 20. Bn bi en mt hng trong Excel. Lnh no trong s cc lnh sau cho php chn thm mt hng vo v tr pha trn hng ang chn.

A. Vo thc n Insert, chn ColumnsB. Vo thc n Insert, chn Object

C. Vo thc n Insert, chn RowsD. Vo thc n Insert, chn Cells

thi trc nghim tin hc A M 257 Cu 1. Khi nhp chn nt trn thanh cng c Microsolf Word, ta c kt qu:

A. Trang hin thi s in raB. Ton b vn bn s in ra

C. Phn vn bn ang chn s in raD. Trang cha con tr vn bn s in ra


A. ExitB. EmphasisC. Motion PathsD. Entrance


A. Motion PathsB. EntranceC. ExitD. Emphasis

Cu 4. thay i vai tr nt tri v nt phi chut, ta thc hin :

A. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / buttons / switch primary and secondary buttons

B. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / pointer options

C. Chn Start / Control Panel / mouse / pointer

D. C 3 cu trn u sai.


A. Edit / Cut

B. Edit / Copy

C. n t hp phm Ctrl-V D. C 3 cu trn u ng

Cu 6. tnh tng cc t A1 n A7, cng thc no di y l ng

A. =SUM(A1):SUM(A7)

B. =SUM(A1- A7)

C. =SUM(A1:A7)

D. =SUM(A1);SUM(A7)


A. PgUpB. EnterC. PgDnD. Esc


A. Insert / Slide Number

B. File / New

C. Insert / Slides from filesD. Insert / New Slide

Cu 9. Trong Excel, bn c th cho dng ch trong mt hin th theo kiu g

A. Theo chiu nghing

B. Theo chiu nm ngang

C. Theo chiu thng ngD. C 3 kiu trn


A. M mt h s mi

B. M mt h s c

C. ng h s ang mD. Lu h s vo a

Cu 11. Khi ang son tho vn bn Word, mun phc hi thao tc va thc hin th bm t hp phm:

A. Ctrl - Y B. Ctrl - V C. Ctrl - Z D. Ctrl X

Cu 12. Biu tng no biu din cho 1 folder:

A. B. C. D. Cu 13. Khi s dng Microsoft PowerPoint trnh din, mun chm dt ch trnh din ta phi:

A. Nhn phm EnterB. Nhn phm BreakC. Nhn phm EscD. Nhn phm Space Bar

Cu 14. Trong MS Excel, hm no dng m cc rng trong 1 danh sch:

A. COUNTIFB. COUNTC. COUNTBLANK

D. COUNTA

Cu 15. Trong MS Powerpoint, slide t ng gi slide k tip sau 3 giy, ta vo menu Slide Show / Silde Transition, sau kch chut vo nt:

A. Slide ShowB. On Mouse ClickC. PlayD. Automatically after .


A. File / SaveB. Insert / pageC. File / Save As ...D. Edit / copy

Cu 17. Trong MS PowerPoint nh ch trnh chiu lp li nhiu ln, ta s dng menu Slide Show v chn:

A. Setup Show / Loop continuously until 'Esc'

B. Custom Show

C. Setup Show / Show without narration

D. Setup Show / Show without animation


A. Slide Show / Custom AnimationB. Slide Show / Slide Transition

C. Slide Show / Custom Shows D. Slide Show / Action Settings

Cu 19. Trong son tho Word, mun chia vn bn thnh nhiu ct , ta thc hin:

A. Insert - ColumnB. View - Column C. Table - ColumnD. Format - Column


A. CtrlB. Ctrl v ShiftC. AltD. Shift

p n m : 155

01. C; 02. C; 03. A; 04. C; 05. B; 06. D; 07. B; 08. B; 09. C; 10. A; 11. A; 12. B; 13. D; 14. B; 15. D;

16. D; 17. C; 18. D; 19. C; 20. A;

p n m : 189

01. B; 02. D; 03. A; 04. B; 05. C; 06. C; 07. D; 08. D; 09. A; 10. C; 11. B; 12. B; 13. C; 14. B; 15. C;

16. D; 17. A; 18. C; 19. A; 20. A;

p n m : 223

01. A; 02. B; 03. C; 04. D; 05. C; 06. B; 07. B; 08. A; 09. C; 10. A; 11. D; 12. B; 13. D; 14. C; 15. A;

16. A; 17. C; 18. D; 19. D; 20. C;

p n m : 257

01. B; 02. B; 03. D; 04. A; 05. B; 06. C; 07. A; 08. D; 09. D; 10. B; 11. C; 12. B; 13. C; 14. C; 15. D;

16. C; 17. A; 18. A; 19. D; 20. D;

TTPhm ttTc dng

1Ctrl+1Gin dng n (1)

2Ctrl+2Gin dng i (2)

3Ctrl+5Gin dng 1,5

4Ctrl+0 (zero)To thm gin dng n trc on

5Ctrl+LCanh dng tri

6Ctrl+RCanh dng phi

7Ctrl+ECanh dng gia

8Ctrl+JCanh dng ch dn u 2 bn, thng l

9Ctrl+NTo file mi

10Ctrl+OM file c

11Ctrl+SLu ni dung file

12Ctrl+PIn n file

13F12Lu ti liu vi tn khc

14F7Kim tra li chnh t ting Anh

15Ctrl+XCt on ni dung chn (bi en)

16Ctrl+CSao chp on ni dung chn

17Ctrl+VDn ti liu

18Ctrl+ZB qua lnh va lm

19Ctrl+YKhi phc lnh va b (ngc li vi Ctrl+Z)

20Ctrl+Shift+STo Style (heading) -> Dng mc lc t ng

21Ctrl+Shift+FThay i phng ch

22Ctrl+Shift+PThay i c ch

23Ctrl+DM hp thoi nh dng font ch

24Ctrl+BBt/tt ch m

25Ctrl+IBt/tt ch nghing

26Ctrl+UBt/tt ch gch chn n

27Ctrl+MLi on vn bn vo 1 tab (mc nh 1,27cm)

28Ctrl+Shift+MLi on vn bn ra l 1 tab

29Ctrl+TLi nhng dng khng phi l dng u ca on vn bn vo 1 tab

30Ctrl+Shift+TLi nhng dng khng phi l dng u ca on vn bn ra l 1 tab

31Ctrl+ALa chn (bi en) ton b ni dung file

32Ctrl+FTm kim k t

33Ctrl+G (hoc F5)Nhy n trang s

34Ctrl+HTm kim v thay th k t

35Ctrl+KTo lin kt (link)

36Ctrl+]Tng 1 c ch

37Ctrl+[Gim 1 c ch

38Ctrl+Wng file

39Ctrl+QLi on vn bn ra st l (khi dng tab)

40Ctrl+Shift+>Tng 2 c ch

41Ctrl+Shift+ Run -> g ch regedit -> vo nhnh HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\CurrentVersion\Run

2. Kim gi tr "wcmdmgr" trong bng bn phi ri xo n.

3. Sau ng chng trnh ny li v ti khi ng my.

4. Sau xo lun th mc con WT nm trong th mc Windows hay WINNT.

Xupiter: chng trnh ny s t ny cc bng qung co. N thm cc ch nh du (bookmark) ln trn menu ca chng trnh duyt v, nguy hi hn, n thay i ci t ca trang ch. Xupiter cn chuyn cc thi quen xi Internet (surfing) v xupiter.com v do lm chm my. Ngoi ra n cn c c a ch IP v cc tin tc khc.

DoubleClick: dng mt tp nh gi l cookies theo di hot ng trc tuyn ca bn.

WinWhatWhere: thng bo cho ngi khc bit v cc t hp phm (keystroke) m bn g.

GatorveWallet: n cp tn, quc gia, m vng bu in v nhiu th khc.

Ting Anh gi n l spyware, ting Php gi n l logiciel espion, ng ngha vi t phn mm gin ip trong ting Vit. l 1 chng trnh nh thng xuyn c khuyn mi thm trong hu ht cc phn mm min ph.Spyware l g?

Cc Spyware c ci t trn h thng ca bn ging nh nhng chng trnh khc nhng khng cho ngi s dng bit g v hot ng, mc ch cng nh nhng hu qu m n gy ra. Chc nng chnh ca cc phn mm gin ip l chuyn v cho nhng ngi to ra chng nhng yu cu xc nh, ch yu phc v mc ch qung co v thng mi.

Cc ip vin ny thng c kp chung vi cc phn mm min ph c ku gi download trn mng, t cc phn mm trao i gia my vi my qua h thng peer-to-peer ca Kazaa hay The Brigde, n nhng sn phm ca cc nh sn xut phn mm ln. Ngoi ra, chng ta cn c th k n k thut a ip vin vo my ca mt vi trang web bugs - cc trang web c ci sn nhng con b, sn sng tn cng vo bt k my tnh no. Tuy nhin, cc ip vin loi ny d thng hn v thng th chng ch c mc ch gip trang web m c s lt ngi truy cp vo.

Hnh nh chng trnh min ph no cng km theo Spyware?Khng, nhng hu ht l vy. Mt cuc kim tra cch y 2 nm Php ca nht boNouvel Observateurc thc hin trn 10 ngn my tnh c nhn s dng trong gia nh v nhng my tnh chuyn nghip c chn lc ngu nhin, cho thy rng 70% cc my u cha mt hoc nhiu Spyware. (ngun:http://www.nouvelobs.com/articles/p1940/a9145.html). iu ny cho thy rng n gi pht ny, kh nng 100% cc my vi tnh c Spyware l hon ton c th xy ra.

Spyware lm g?

Ngi Php thng gi chng l nhng tn mch lo in t (mouchards lectroniques). Tht vy, khi c ci t vo my ca ngi s dng, cc ip vin s bt u ngay cng vic ca mnh khi chic my kt ni Internet. Ch nhn ca cc tn mch lo ny s nhn c mi thng tin v vic s dng chic my tnh : t thi quen duyt web, cc a ch trang web hay, n nhng thng s k thut ca my v ni dung ca cc a cng, nh m h bit c cc a ch th in t v phin toi hn l c cc mt m na.

ng b ta c cu nhn tri s, tnh bn thin" th Spyware cng th. Khi sinh ra chng, nhng nh sn xut u tht ngt ngo cho rng nh cc Spyware ny, khch hng ca h s c chm sc chu o hn bi cc dch v hu mi. H ha hn rng tt c cc li ca chng trnh s c gi trc tip v cho nh sn xut v nh sn xut s gi cho khch hng ca mnh nhng file sa li phn mm. Mt l l nghe bi tai hn l vic s gi thng bo v vic ra i nhng phin bn mi ca phn mm n khch hng h tin b cp nht.

Nhng ch l mt ni ca vn . Nhng g m Spyware mang li cho ngi s dng chng thm thp l bao so vi nhng g m h phi chu ng. Dn d, cc my mch lo b lm dng v nhng mc ch thng mi. Cc Spyware s xm nhp my tnh ca bn v thu thp tt c cc thng tin c nhn ca ngi s dng my. Cc thng tin ny s c bn li cho cc cng ty khc, nhng ngi cng rt cn chng. Hy ly v d t cc cng ty chuyn gi spam. C bao gi bn t hi lm sao nhng k chuyn gi th rc bit nhiu a ch e-mail n th khng? l do h mua chng cc cng ty b m ca cc Spyware. Ri c bao gi bn t hi rng khng hiu ti sao ngi ta li bit bn thch bng m gi cho bn nhiu yu cu tham gia cc din n v bng trn mng? C th bn hi bt ng nhng tt c cc thi quen duyt web, nhng trang web m bn hay thm ving, nhng thng tin bn thng c, u c cc Spyware hc thuc lng ri mc li cho cc trang web khc.

Cc phn mm gin ip ny c phm php khng?Ngay c khi bn cm gic rng cc Spyware l nhng k quy ri phin phc, lun xm phm i sng ring t ca bn th cng xin nhc vi bn rng s hot ng ca cc Spyware l khng h phm php! Tht vy, nu hn mt cht na, bn s bit rng trong phn quy c trc khi ci t phn mm m trn nguyn tc l ngi s dng phi c tht k, c ni n s hin din ca 1 Spyware trong chng trnh. Nhng chc chn ch c t hn 1% ngi trong s chng ta chu c ht tt c cc iu khon trong bn hp ng v thng thng n di c trm trang v phn nhc n Spyware th khng thc s r rng.

Tm li s ra i ca Spyware lm 99% nhng ngi s dng vi tnh kh chu v khi chp nhn s dng chng trnh th d nhin phi chu m n xi, nh lm l vi cc Spyware. 1% cn li l ai? L nhng lp trnh vin to ra cc phn mm chng Spyware.

Thanked 2 Times in 2 Posts

Cc c ch chng Spam Mail

Spam gy ra rt nhiu tc hi, do vy vic phng chng v ngn chn cc spam l cn thit. Hin c nhiu cng ty phn mm cung cp gii php chng spam, mi dng sn phm c nhng tnh nng v cc u nhc im ring, nhng hu ht cc sn phm u hot ng da vo mt s nguyn l sau:

S dng DNS blacklist

Phng php s dng DNS black list s chn cc email n t cc a ch nm trong danh sch DNS blacklist. C hai loi danh sch DNS Blacklist thng c s dng, l:

Danh sch cc min gi spam bit, danh sch cc min ny c lit k v cp nht ti a chhttp://spamhaus.org/sbl.

Danh sch cc my ch email cho php hoc b li dng thc hin vic chuyn tip spam c gi i t spammer. Danh sch ny c lit k v cp nht thng xuyn ti a chhttp://www.ordb.org. C s d liu Open Relay Database ny c duy tr bi ORDB.org l mt t chc phi li nhun.

Khi mt email c gi i, n s i qua mt s SMTP server trc khi chuyn ti a ch ngi nhn. a ch IP ca cc SMTP server m email chuyn qua c ghi trong phn header ca email. Cc chng trnh chng spam s kim tra tt c cc a ch IP c tm thy trong phn header ca email sau so snh vi c s d liu DNS Blacklist bit. Nu a ch IP tm thy trong phn ny c trong c s d liu v cc DNS Blacklist, n s b coi l spam, cn nu khng, email s c coi l mt email hp l.

Phng php ny c u im l cc email c th c kim tra trc khi ti xung, do tit kim c bng thng ng truyn. Nhc im ca phng php ny l khng pht hin ra c nhng email gi mo a ch ngi gi.

S dng SURBL list

Phng php s dng SURBL pht hin spam da vo ni dung ca email. Chng trnh chng spam s phn tch ni dung ca email xem bn trong n c cha cc lin kt c lit k trong Spam URI Realtime Blocklists (SURBL) hay khng. SURBL cha danh sch cc min v a ch ca cc spammer bit. C s d liu ny c cung cp v cp nht thng xuyn ti a chwww.surbl.org..

C nhiu danh sch SURBL khc nhau nh sc.surbl.org, ws.surbl.org, ob.surbl.org, ab.surbl.org..., cc danh sch ny c cp nht t nhiu ngun. Thng thng, ngi qun tr thng kt hp cc SURBL list bng cch tham chiu ti a ch multi.surbl.org. Nu mt email sau khi kim tra ni dung c cha cc lin kt c ch ra trong SURBL list th n s c nh du l spam email, cn khng n s c cho l mt email thng thng.

Phng php ny c u im pht hin c cc email gi mo a ch ngi gi nh la cc b lc. Nhc im ca n l email phi c ti xung trc khi tin hnh kim tra, do s chim bng thng ng truyn v ti nguyn ca my tnh phn tch cc ni dung email.

Kim tra ngi nhn

Tn cng spam kiu t in s dng cc a ch email v tn min bit to ra cc a ch email hp l khc. Bng k thut ny spammer c th gi spam ti cc a ch email c sinh ra mt cch ngu nhin. Mt s a ch email trong s c thc, tuy nhin mt lng ln trong l a ch khng tn ti v chng gy ra hin tng lt cc my ch mail.

Phng php kim tra ngi nhn s ngn chn kiu tn cng ny bng cch chn li cc email gi ti cc a ch khng tn ti trn Active Directory hoc trn my ch mail server trong cng ty. Tnh nng ny s s dng Active Directory hoc LDAP server xc minh cc a ch ngi nhn c tn ti hay khng. Nu s a ch ngi nhn khng tn ti vt qu mt ngng no (do ngi qun tr thit lp) th email gi ti s b coi l spam v chn li.

Kim tra a ch

Bng cch kim tra a ch ngi gi v ngi nhn, phn ln spam s c pht hin v chn li. Thc hin kim tra a ch ngi gi trc khi email c ti xung s tit kim c bng thng ng truyn cho ton h thng.

K thut Sender Policy Framework (SPF,www.openspf.org) c s dng kim tra a ch ngi gi email. K thut SPF cho php ch s hu ca mt tn min Internet s dng cc bn ghi DNS c bit (gi l bn ghi SPF) ch r cc my c dng gi email t min ca h. Khi mt email c gi ti, b lc SPF s phn tch cc thng tin trong trng From hoc Sender kim tra a ch ngi gi. Sau SPF s i chiu a ch vi cc thng tin c cng b trong bn ghi SPF ca min xem my gi email c c php gi email hay khng. Nu email n t mt server khng c trong bn ghi SPF m min cng b th email b coi l gi mo.

Chn IP

Phng php ny s chn cc email c gi n t cc a ch IP bit trc. Khi mt email n, b lc s phn tch a ch my gi v so snh vi danh sch a ch b chn. Nu email n t mt my c a ch trong danh sch ny th n s b coi l spam, ngc li n s c coi l email hp l.

S dng b lc Bayesian

B lc Bayesian hot ng da trn nh l Bayes tnh ton xc sut xy ra mt s kin da vo nhng s kin xy ra trc . K thut tng t nh vy c s dng phn loi spam. Nu mt s phn vn bn xut hin thng xuyn trong cc spam nhng thng khng xut hin trong cc email thng thng, th c th kt lun rng email l spam.

Trc khi c th lc email bng b lc Bayesian, ngi dng cn to ra c s d liu t kha v du hiu (nh l k hiu $, a ch IP v cc min...) su tm t cc spam v cc email khng hp l khc.

Mi t hoc mi du hiu s c cho mt gi tr xc sut xut hin, gi tr ny da trn vic tnh ton c bao nhiu t thng hay s dng trong spam, m trong cc email hp l thng khng s dng. Vic tnh ton ny c thc hin bng cch phn tch nhng email gi i ca ngi dng v phn tch cc kiu spam bit.

b lc Bayesian hot ng chnh xc v c hiu qu cao, cn phi to ra c s d liu v cc email thng thng v spam ph hp vi c th kinh doanh ca tng cng ty. C s d liu ny c hnh thnh khi b lc tri qua giai on hun luyn. Ngi qun tr phi cung cp khong 1000 email thng thng v 1000 spam b lc phn tch to ra c s d liu cho ring n.

S dng danh sch Black/white list

Vic s dng cc danh sch black list, white list gip cho vic lc spam hiu qu hn.

Black list l c s d liu cc a ch email v cc min m bn khng bao gi mun nhn cc email t . Cc email gi ti t cc a ch ny s b nh du l spam.

White list l c s d liu cc a ch email v cc min m bn mong mun nhn email t . Nu cc email c gi n t nhng a ch nm trong danh sch ny th chng lun c cho qua.

Thng thng cc b lc c tnh nng t hc, khi mt email b nh du l spam th a ch ngi gi s c t ng a vo danh sch black list. Ngc li, khi mt email c gi i t trong cng ty th a ch ngi nhn s c t ng a vo danh sch white list.

Kim tra Header

Phng php ny s phn tch cc trng trong phn header ca email nh gi email l email thng thng hay l spam. Spam thng c mt s c im nh:

trng trng From: hoc trng To:

Trng From: cha a ch email khng tun theo cc chun RFC.

Cc URL trong phn header v phn thn ca message c cha a ch IP c m ha di dng h hex/oct hoc c s kt hp theo dng username/password (v d cc a ch:http://00722353893457472/hello.com,[email protected])

Phn tiu ca email c th cha a ch email ngi nhn c nhn ha email . Lu khi s dng tnh nng ny vi cc a ch email dng chung c dng [email protected]. V d khi mt khch hng phn hi bng cch s dng tnh nng auto-reply vi tiu your email to sales c th b nh du l spam

Gi ti mt s lng rt ln ngi nhn khc nhau.

Ch cha nhng file nh m khng cha cc t nh la cc b lc.

S dng ngn ng khc vi ngn ng m ngi nhn ang s dng.

Da vo nhng c im ny ca spam, cc b lc c th lc chn.

S dng tnh nng Challenge/Response

Tnh nng ny s yu cu ngi ln u gi email xc nhn li email u tin m h gi, sau khi xc nhn, a ch email ca ngi gi c b sung vo danh sch White list v t tr v sau cc email c gi t a ch c t ng cho qua cc b lc.

Do spammer s dng cc chng trnh gi email t ng v h khng th xc nhn li tt c cc email gi i, v th nhng email khng c xc nhn s b coi l spam.

Phng php ny c hn ch l n yu cu nhng ngi gi mi phi xc nhn li email u tin m h gi. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi qun tr ch nn s dng phng php ny i vi nhng email m h nghi ng l spam.

PHNG TRNH TH RC

Ngoi vic s dng cc b lc chng spam, ngi s dng cng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic chng li i dch th rc. Bi vy ngi dng cn tun theo mt s nguyn tc sau:

Lun cp nht cc bn v mi nht ca cc phn mm ang ci t trn my.

m bo tt c cc my lun c cp nht cc phn mm chng virus v chng spam.

S dng cc firewall bo v h thng.

Khng tr li cc email l khng r ngun gc. i vi cc spammer, khi nhn c mt tr li t hng ngn email h gi i th cng chng minh l phng php c hiu qu. Ngoi ra, vic tr li li cn xc nhn l a ch email ca bn l c thc v hin ang c s dng. Do vy a ch email ca bn s ng gi hn, v cc spammer s gi nhiu th rc hn.

Khng gi cc thng tin c nhn ca bn (s th tn dng, mt khu, ti khon ngn hng, v.v... ) trong th in t. Cc spammer v nhng k la o qua mng c th to ra nhng trang web gi mo cc t chc, ngn hng... ngh bn gi mt khu v mt s thng tin v th tn dng ca bn qua email.

Khng hi p email bng cch nhn ln t nh loi b (remove) hoc ngng ng k (unsubscribe) trong dng tiu hoc trong ni dung ca th tr khi y l ngun ng tin cy (cc email tip th trc tip). y l tiu xo ca cc spammer ngi s dng hi p li cc spam ca h. Khi nhn c hi p, cc spammer khng nhng khng loi b a ch email ca bn ra khi danh sch m cn gi ti nhiu spam hn bi v h bit rng a ch email ca bn hin ang hot ng.

Khng bao gi bm vo cc lin kt URL hoc a ch trang web c ghi trong spam ngay c khi n hng dn ngi nhn ngng ng k. iu ny cng cho ngi gi bit rng a ch email ca bn ang c s dng v bn c th s nhn c nhiu spam hn.

Hy s dng hai a ch email khc nhau, mt a ch s dng cho cc vic ring nh bn b, cng vic. Mt a ch s dng ng k tr thnh thnh vin ca cc din n, cc t chc... nhng ni m a ch email ca bn c th b lm dng hoc bn.

Khng nn ng a ch email ca bn nhng ni cng cng (v d nh cc din n, bng tin, chat room...) ni cc spammer thng s dng cc tin ch thu thp v tm kim a ch email.

S dng cc dch v email cung cp cng c chng spam, v d nh Yahoo! Mail, Gmail.

Khng bao gi c chuyn tip spam cho ngi khc.

Chuyn spam nhn c n ngi qun tr h thng email. Qun tr vin s thay i chng trnh lc ln sau h thng s chn li nhng email tng t nh th.

Hng dn chng th rc

Th rc l nhng email u n gh thm hoc lm y hp th ca bn, trong khi bn chng h trng i chng. Th rc thng l email qung co, la o hoc ni dung v vn no .

Khng c gii php hon ho no hon ton loi b th rc. Bn ch c th p dng mt s k thut di y hn ch th rc.

1. Khng l a ch email

Hn ch vic trc tip a a ch email ca bn ln web: trong cc mu rao vt, din n, blog, mng x hi,...

Trng hp cn a a ch email ln web khch hng / i tc lin h, bn nn s dng hnh nh. Khi , khch hng / i tc vn c th "c" c a ch email, cn cc phn mm tm kim email t ng ch "thy" mt tm nh (Xem th d a ch email lin h ca Vipcom cui trang ny).

2. Email dnh ring cho th rc

Bn cnh a ch email chnh thc, bn nn c thm mt a ch email min ph (c th s dng Gmail, Yahoo,...) "giao lu" vi nhng k gi th rc.

Bn s dng a ch email ny ng k vi cc trang web l, cc trang khng r ngun gc, trang rao vt, din n, nhn bn tin nh k,... Hoc ch n gin s dng n bt c khi no bn khng mun tit l a ch email chnh thc.

3. Lc th rc trong Microsoft Outlook 2003

bt hoc iu chnh tnh nng lc th rc trong Microsoft Outlook, khi ng Outlook v chn menu Tools > Options.

Bm vo nt Junk E-mail...

Ti tab Options chn Low bt tnh nng lc th rc.

La chn High lc th rc tt hn, tuy nhin cng d lc lun c th quan trng ca bn. V vy, bn phi thng xuyn kim tra hp Junk email trnh mt th.

Tab Safe Sender h tr bn ch nh danh sch nhng a ch email khng phi l ngi gi th rc. Nhng a ch email c trong danh sch ny s khng b "lc nhm" vo hp Junk email na.

Bm nt Add v nhp a ch email, nhn OK xc nhn.

Tab Blocked Senders h tr bn ch nh danh nhng a ch email chuyn gi th rc. Nhp a ch email vo danh sch ny, bn s khng bao gi nhn thy th gi t email trong hp Inbox ca bn na.

4. S dng phn mm chn th rc

C nhiu phn mm thng mi hoc min ph h tr chng th rc:

5. Lc th rc t my chXem tip

Chuyn i nh qun l tn min Nhng vic cn lm s dng hosting Cc cu hi thng gp v hosting Nhn e-mail c trn Outlook Express v Microsoft Outlook Cpanel: Hng dn khi to v qun l email By li khuyn khi vit EmailCc chng trnh chng spam mail hay nhtNgy nay, khi spam mail tr thnh mt hnh thc qung co chuyn nghip, pht tn virus, n cp thng tin th mt chng trnh anti-spam cho email l rt cn thit. Bn s phi mt kh nhiu thi gian xa nhng email khng mi m n, nu v cn c th b nhim virus, trojan, spyware v nng n hn l mt thng tin nh th tn dng, ti khon ngn hng qua cc email dng phishing. Hy tham kho thng tin cc chng trnh di y v chn mt chng trnh thch hp bo v cho hp mail ca mnh.

Inboxer

Inboxer, mt chng trnh c thit k n gin vi b lc mail v tng thch vi Outlook 2.0 (cng c phin bn dnh cho Outlook Express). Sau khi c ci t, Inboxer s to hai th mc: mt cho lu tr nhng email qung co c xc nh l spam v mt th mc dnh cho cc email b nghi ng l spam.Bn s d dng phn loi email ca mnh vi ba biu tng nh, trong hai biu tng l di chuyn mail, cn li l hin th hp thoi tu chn nh phn tch mail.

Inboxer thiu chnh xc trong khi c kim tra nhng chng trnh t ng hc v ci thin ngay khi tip tc lc mail vi vic thit lp li cho blacklist, rule v nh dng phn tch mail.

CloudMark

CloudMark 4.3l mt chng trnh kh t dnh cho Outlook v Outlook Express. CouldMark s to mt th mc lu tr cc spam mail, s dng k thut Bayesian v nhng k thut khc phn tch mail.

CloudMark thc hin cng vic ngn chn spam kh tt trong t kim tra, k c nhng spam lt qua cc trnh khc. Hot ng phn tch khi mail c ti v v thc hin nhim v lc ca mnh. Cui cng l tnh nng kh th v ca CloudMark l hin th bao nhiu thi gian v tin bc m bn tit kim c khi s dng CloudMark.

ContentWatch EmailProtect

EmailProtectc giao din n gin vi nhng tnh nng c bn nhm bo v cho Outlook v Outlook Express. Sau khi c ci t, bn s thy mt biu tng bao bc trn thanh taskbar. Khi c mail thuc din nghi ng, s c cch ly v gi n thng bo n bn. Tuy nhin, bn cn cn thn s dng b lc v c th nhiu email s c lit vo dng spam khng ng. EmailProtect cng thiu mt tnh nng quan trng l vic thng bo mt email nh l spam trong inbox cho chng trnh bit. V vy bn cn to mt quy lut lc mail cho chng trnh.

FireTrust Mailwasher Pro

Mailwasher Pro l chng trnh khc bit so vi cc trnh anti-spam khc qua cch hot ng. Mailwasher Pro s phn tch vo tiu , ni dung, kch c, ngi gi hay server ngun ca email, kt hp vi blacklist xc nh email c phi l spam hay khng.Tuy nhin, ci thin tnh hiu qu ca chng trnh, bn cn dy cho Mailwasher phn bit spam dn dn. Khi email c xc nh, n s c xa t ngay trn server trc khi ti v v mt email tr v ngi gi vi thng bo gi rng a ch email ca bn khng c tht.

Mailwasher Pro c nhiu tu chn bn chn la v thit lp nhiu dng quy lut, b lc, danh sch v my ch tn min no b ngn cm. Nhn chung, Mailwasher pro thch hp cho ngi dng c trnh hiu bit k thut.High Mountain SpamEater Pro

SpamEater Pro, mt trnh anti-spam khng ni bt trong hng ng cc n anh khc nhng li c hiu sut lm vic kh tt. SpamEater c nhiu tu chn ngi dng thit lp, xc nh spam mail nhanh chng vi chnh xc rt cao. n gin, d s dng vi giao din thn thin ca Windows XP v nhng biu tng trn menu tri s gip bn thc hin cc chc nng thng s dng.

Khng ch l mt trnh anti-spam, SpamEater Pro cn l trnh email client vi POP3/SMTP v trong phin bn mi nht 4.0 cn h tr SSL, POP3S/SSMTP. SpamEater Pro s nhn dng spam mail t trn server trc khi n c ti v my, kim tra thng nht vi pht mt ln, kim tra theo m quc gia, a ch server, a ch tn min, phn hi thng tin v ISP, thng tin ch , ni dung, kch c email nn vic bo v c thc hin kh tt.

Nhc im ca SpamEater Pro l khng tng thch vi cc trnh email client khc nn bn phi iu khin trn c hai chng trnh cng mt lc.

McAfee Internet Security 2005

BMcAfee Internet Security 2005bao gm c SpamKiller l trnh antispam c cp n trong bi ny. D dng ci t v s dng, khi McAfee Security Center khi ng, n s thng bo n bn nhng mail no b kha v mail no c php m. Bn s d dng chn la c nhng email no c xc nh sai bi chng trnh, hoc nhp a ch t Outlook, Outlook Express, MSN, Eudora v Incredimail vo danh sch cho php.

H tr nhiu trnh email client, x l nhanh chng v chng trnh c th r sot li ngay khi email ti v trong inbox ca bn. Tuy nhin, hiu qu lm vic ch mc trung bnh v s dng ti nguyn h thng kh nhiu khi thc hin vic phn tch v x l.

McAfee Internet Security l b cng c bo mt nn c trn my bn vi cc chc nng bo mt nhm bo v nhng im yu ca my khi s dng v lt Net.

Qurb 3.0

c h tr thm cc tnh nng mi so vi phin bn 2,Qurb 3.0 c tch hp SPF (Sender Policy Framework) nhm h tr chng li nn phishing n trm thng tin c nhn v ti khon. H tr cho Outlook v Outlook Express

Nhc im ca Qurb l t ng cch ly hu ht email cho n khi bn xc nh chng l spam hay c cho php. Tnh nng ny ch c th hu ch khi bn ch nhn email t danh sch a ch ca mnh. Qurb s so snh mt ln na gia email b cch ly v s a ch, nhng email vn tip tc li c xc nh l spam. Song song , mt email xc nh s c gi ngc tr li ngi gi, nu c tr li, Qurb s t ng a a ch vo danh sch cho php.

n gin v d s dng, Qurb thch hp khi bn thc hin cng vic vi mt nhm ngi c xc nhRobin Kier K9 AntiSpamy l mt chng trnh min ph s dng phng thc Bayesian, giao din n gin, c s dng kh nhiu hin nay. Sau khi c ci t, chng trnh s tr thnh mt proxy v kt ni n mail server ca bn. Bn cn thit lp chng trnh email client ca mnh h tr POP3 (dng nh 127.0.0.1) v kt ni thng qua cng TCP l 9999 (thay v mc nh l 110). Tn ti khon ca bn phi bao gm my kt ni ti.

K9 AntiSpamc kh nng lc rt mnh. N d tm tt c spam mail v xc nh chng. Tuy vy, chng trnh vn ti v my vi vic nh du cc spam phn cui ca tiu email, cho php bn la chn xa i. Bn cn to mt quy lut chng trnh c th thc hin t ng iu ny. K9 AntiSpam nhn chung dnh cho ngi dng c trnh k thut ci t v s dng.

Norton AntiSpam 2005

Norton AntiSpam 2005vi nhiu tnh nng m cc trnh khc khng c l lc spam mail thng qua ngn ng ca nhiu quc gia trong c c Vit Nam. Tnh nng ny cho php bn nhn email c ni dung theo ngn ng no, ngn ng no khng c cho php. Norton AntiSpam cng c kh nng t hc kh cao, thng qua cng vic xc nh spam mail vi email tht ca bn. Chng trnh s tch ring cc spam mail, ghi nh dng a ch, ni dung, cu trc ca ni dung, tng cng kh nng lc chnh xc hn.

Gi c tuy cao, nhng hiu qu hot ng li rt xut sc. C kh nng t ci thin hiu sut lc v chnh xc. H tr hu ht cc trnh email client nh Outlook, Outlook Express, Eudora C th tham kho thm thng tin v Norton AntiSpam 2005ti y.

SpamBayes

SpamBayes 1.0.4c s dng rt rng ri khng ch v chng trnh hon ton min ph m v hiu sut lm vic rt xut sc ca SpamBayes da trn phng thc Bayesian nng cao. SpamBayes ging CloudMark, n gin hn tnh nng, thc hin lc chm chp, lc spam thng qua a ch ngi gi, ni dung ca email v c o vi thng minh ca mnh qua vic t nng cao kh nng lc spam rt chnh xc.

Nhc im ca SpamBayes khi mi s dng l bn cn phi xc nh email trong mc cch ly v chng trnh s a hu ht email vo din nghi ng. SpamBayes vi nhng tnh nng v hiu qu kh cao, khng thua km bt k chng trnh chng spam thng mi no, li c cung cp min ph nn c s dng rt ph bin.

Qua lot bi vit, chc hn bn cng t chn cho mnh c mt chng trnh thch hp s dng. Tuy nhin, d c bt k chng trnh ngn chn, phng chng no cao cp i na, th yu t con ngi vn l quyt nh. Hy tp to t 2 n 3 ti khon email, s dng chng theo tng mc ch. Nhng email quan trng th ng bao gi dng chng rng ri nh gi thip, ng k din n v ng m bt k email no c nhng tiu hp dn, nhng tp tin nh km trng c v hin lnh. Hy kim chng li vi ngi gi nhng tp tin c gi km t h, bn s khng phi mt thi gian c nhng email khng mong mun , cng nh sa cha c h thng khi nhim phi spyware hay virus.

MailWasher Pro mt trong nhng trnh dit spam kh hiu qu.

Tt c cc trnh chng spam mail hay nht s ln lt c lit k v phn tch trong bi vit nhm mang n cho bn ci nhn ton din hn v cc trnh anti-spam cho email.Ngy nay, khi spam mail tr thnh mt hnh thc qung co chuyn nghip, pht tn virus, n cp thng tin th mt chng trnh anti-spam cho email l rt cn thit. Bn s phi mt kh nhiu thi gian xa nhng email khng mi m n, nu v cn c th b nhim virus, trojan, spyware v nng n hn l mt thng tin nh th tn dng, ti khon ngn hng qua cc email dng phishing. Hy tham kho thng tin cc chng trnh di y v chn mt chng trnh thch hp bo v cho hp mail ca mnh.

InboxerInboxer, mt chng trnh c thit k n gin vi b lc mail v tng thch vi Outlook 2.0 (cng c phin bn dnh cho Outlook Express). Sau khi c ci t, Inboxer s to hai th mc: mt cho lu tr nhng email qung co c xc nh l spam v mt th mc dnh cho cc email b nghi ng l spam.

Bn s d dng phn loi email ca mnh vi ba biu tng nh, trong hai biu tng l di chuyn mail, cn li l hin th hp thoi tu chn nh phn tch mail.

Inboxer thiu chnh xc trong khi c kim tra nhng chng trnh t ng hc v ci thin ngay khi tip tc lc mail vi vic thit lp li cho blacklist, rule v nh dng phn tch mail.

CloudMarkCloudMark 4.3l mt chng trnh kh t dnh cho Outlook v Outlook Express. CouldMark s to mt th mc lu tr cc spam mail, s dng k thut Bayesian v nhng k thut khc phn tch mail.

CloudMark thc hin cng vic ngn chn spam kh tt trong t kim tra, k c nhng spam lt qua cc trnh khc. Hot ng phn tch khi mail c ti v v thc hin nhim v lc ca mnh. Cui cng l tnh nng kh th v ca CloudMark l hin th bao nhiu thi gian v tin bc m bn tit kim c khi s dng CloudMark.

ContentWatch EmailProtectEmailProtectc giao din n gin vi nhng tnh nng c bn nhm bo v cho Outlook v Outlook Express. Sau khi c ci t, bn s thy mt biu tng bao bc trn thanh taskbar. Khi c mail thuc din nghi ng, s c cch ly v gi n thng bo n bn. Tuy nhin, bn cn cn thn s dng b lc v c th nhiu email s c lit vo dng spam khng ng. EmailProtect cng thiu mt tnh nng quan trng l vic thng bo mt email nh l spam trong inbox cho chng trnh bit. V vy bn cn to mt quy lut lc mail cho chng trnh.

FireTrust Mailwasher ProMailwasher Pro l chng trnh khc bit so vi cc trnh anti-spam khc qua cch hot ng. Mailwasher Pro s phn tch vo tiu , ni dung, kch c, ngi gi hay server ngun ca email, kt hp vi blacklist xc nh email c phi l spam hay khng.Tuy nhin, ci thin tnh hiu qu ca chng trnh, bn cn dy cho Mailwasher phn bit spam dn dn. Khi email c xc nh, n s c xa t ngay trn server trc khi ti v v mt email tr v ngi gi vi thng bo gi rng a ch email ca bn khng c tht.

Mailwasher Pro c nhiu tu chn bn chn la v thit lp nhiu dng quy lut, b lc, danh sch v my ch tn min no b ngn cm. Nhn chung, Mailwasher pro thch hp cho ngi dng c trnh hiu bit k thut.

S dng PC theo cch bn thch

Chng ti c th lm nhng iu k th. Anh y c th c v t mt bn bp nguyn khi. Anh y lm mt chic lng p nht g con cho g mi m. Anh y to th cng tt c cc ming p tng Douglas g linh sam trong cn nh ca chng ti. Tuy vy, khi tip xc vi cng ngh th anh khng c thnh tho lm.

Dng nh lun c iu g khng n ang din ra trn PC ca anh y. Ti ni vi anh rng anh ang lo xa qu, anh lun lm mi vic bng my tnh ca ti. Anh ni: "My tnh ca em lm vic tt hn". "Hn na my tnh ca em cng mt hn".

Chng bit bn th no ch ti hi kh chu khi ngi no khc s dng PC ca mnh. khng phi l v ti c iu phi giu gim cm l v khi chng ta s dng PC ca mnh theo ng cch ca mnh th nhng PC thc s l ca c nhn . Do vy ti mua ring cho anh y mt PC ring viWindows7nhn sinh nht anh y.

Tt c v ch

D khng tin ningay c i vi chng ti ty chnhWindows7. iu l doWindows7ni bt vi rt nhiu ch khc nhau ni chung. Mi ch bao gm hnh nn, b bo v mn hnh, mu ng vin ca s v cc m thanh, biu tng v con tr chut khc nhau.

i hnh nn ca bn ch bng mt c bm chut hoc hai thay i ch mn hnh

1. Thc hin mt trong cc bc sau:

Bm chut phi vo mn hnh, sau bmC nhn ha(phng php ca ti).

Bm vo ntBt u, bmPa-nen iu khinri bmC nhn ha(phng php ca chng ti).

2. Bn s thy nhiu ch ch cn bm vo mt ch v xem mi thay i tc th.

3. BmTi thm ch trc tuyn nhn cc ch khc. V d: bn c bit cc ch khc nhau c i km trn PC n cc quc gia hoc vng khc? Bn c th ti cc ch xung min ph. Hoc chn nh gc tBingv cc cng ty khc. ng thi xemWindowsTh vin C nhn ha.

iu tuyt vi nht vWindows7l bn c th s dng ton b ch hoc ch mt phn ca ch . cui ca s C nhn ha, bn s thy cc nt b sung cho hnh nn, mu ca s, m thanh v b bo v mn hnh. Bn c th thay i tng kha cnh ca ch ca mnh cho n khi ch ph hp vi s thch ca bn ri bmLu thay i. V nu bn mun lu ch s dng sau ny (hoc chia s hnh nn ca bn vi bn b), hy bmLu ch .

Ty chn giao din v mu ca sTo hnh nn bn mun

"Khng tuyt sao nu bn c th pht trnh chiu gm cc hnh nh lm hnh nn ca mnh sao?" chng ti m chiu hi khi anh y khi ng PC ca mnh ln u tin.

Qu ng l bn c th. Trn thc t th nhiu ch t ng pht trnh chiu gm nhng hnh nh c chn. l l do khi bn bm voHnh nn Mn hnhtrong ca sC nhn ha, bn s thy mt nhm cc hnh nh c du kim pha trn. Di y l cch bn chn hnh nh no xem.

Ty chn hnh nn mn hnhKhng thch mt hnh nh? Hy xa hp kim ca hnh nh v nh s khng hin th. Ch mun xem mt hnh nh? Xa tt c cc hp kim ngoi tr hnh nh bn mun xem. Mun nhng bc nh v ch ch sc Boston ca bn ang n a trn bi bin? BmDuyt qua, iu hng nnh ca tiv chn mt tp cc nh tnh hoc ton b th mc cho trnh chiu. Sau chn tn sut bn mun nh thay ibt k ni no 10 giy mt ln mi ngy.

Nhiu m thanh, ca s v b bo v mn hnh khc nhau

Khi ti ln u ci tWindows7, ti pht cc m thanh cho n khi chng ti pht ngy. iu ti thch v 14 s nhc khc nhau ny l tt c chng ging nh s nhc mc nh caWindows, nhng kho hn. V d: m thanh s Sonata nh vilng c in, trong khi m thanh s ging nh n banj.

Tng t, bn c th ty chnh trong sut v mu ca s ca mnh, cng vi b bo v mn hnh, bng cch s dng cc nt cui ca s C nhn ha. Sau khi bn thay i tt c cc khu vc ny theo s thch ca mnh th v c bn bn to mt ch mi. V mc d bn khng cn lu ch s dng ch mi ca mnh, se khng phi l mt kin ti nu bn mun pht thm mt s m thanh na.

V thc s th ai c th cn c? D nhin khng phi l ti ri.

Gip mn hnh d c hn

Ti l ngi dng my tnh xch tay. Mn hnh ca ti nh hn mn hnh thng thng. iu c ngha l mi th xut hin trn mn hnh cng nh hn. Mt tnh nng m ti thc s ngng m l thc t ti c th iu chnh kch c vn bn d dng hn.Windows7t ng chn phn gii mn hnh ti u cho mn hnh ca ti nhng sau bn cng c th chn rng ca phng ch bn mun. (Trong phin bn trc caWindows, you bn khng th thc hin vic ny mt cch ring r). Tht n gin:

1. Bm chut phi vo mn hnh, sau bmC nhn ha.

2. Bm voMn hnh gc pha di bn tri.

3. Chn phng ch mn hnh theo 100%, 125% hoc 150%.

Ti thmthng tin tr nng vWindows, bao gm hng dn v hng dn tng bc min ph.

Cc chng trnh nh ngay ni bn mun

Chng ti sng ti Seattle ni thng ma. Chng ti thch n d bo thi tit khi c cht nng trong ngy m anh y c th b l. tht l mt thm ha. Rt may l c cc tin ch.

Tin ch trn mn hnh l cc chng trnh nh c th ty chnh hin th thng tin ngay trn mn hnh. Bn khng cn phi m ca s mi hoc khi chy mt chng trnh mi v chng chy lin tc. Bn c th xem ngun cp d liu tin tc cp nht, lch ca bn, cc tr chihoc, trong trng hp ca chng tithi tit. ti cc tin ch:

1. Bm chut phi vo mn hnh, sau bmTin ch.

2. Xem cc tin ch sn c.

3. Ko cc tin ch n bt k ni no trn mn hnh ca bn.

Bn c th di chuyn cc tin ch n ni bn munMang "phong cch c nhn" vo my tnh c nhn

Nhng ngy ny, chng ti c mt trnh chiu mn hnh c thit lp vi nhng hnh nh lt sng trong khi ti c nhng bc nh v nhng ch g con ca mnh (trong chic lng anh y lm). Anh y s dng ch m thanh Sonata trong khi ti gn viWindowsMc nh.

Anh y c 40 tin ch trn mn hnh ca mnh, tt c chng u lm cho anh y cm thy vui. Ti c hai tin ch. Ti khng c g phi phn nn canh y bin PC mi ca anh y theo cc anh y mun.

Thc tnh anh y khng bao gi s dng hai tin ch kia ca ti.

Gii thiu v tc gi

Zia Munshi l mt ngi vit qung co v nh vn t do cho nhiu n bn v cng ty, bao gmMicrosoftvMSN. C c bit thch vit v cng ngh do l li bo cha cho vic mua tt c cc phn mm v dng mi nht. C sng ti Seattle cng vi chng, ch cn v mt n gm 13 ch g.

Trong mt cu c 2 v (2 mnh ) th lc th ca ng t hai thnh phn phi ph hp vi nhau.Th ca ng t mnh chnh (1) s quyt nh th ca ng t mnh ph (2).

(1) Simple present - (2) Present ProgressiveHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra cng lc vi hnh ng ca mnh chnh.Ex: I see that Hung is writting a letterEx: Do you know who is riding the horse?

(1) Simple present - (2) Will / Can / May + Verb (or Near Future)Hnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra sau hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt tng lai khng c xc nh hoc tng lai gn.Ex: He says that he will look for a jobEx: I know that she is going to win that prizeEx: She says that she can play the piano

(1) Simple present - (2) Simple PastHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt qu kh c xc nh c th v mt thi gian.Ex: I hope he arrived safelyEx: They think he was here last night

(1) Simple present - (2) Present perfect (progressive)Hnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt qu kh khng c xc nh r v mt thi gian.Ex: He tells us that he has been to Saigon beforeEx: We know that you have spoken with Mike about the party

(1) Simple Past - (2) Past progressive / Simple pastHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra cng lc vi hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong qu kh.Ex: I gave the package to my sister when she visited us last weekEx: Mike visited us while he was staying in Hanoi

(1) Simple past - (2) Would / Could / Might + VerbHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra sau hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt tng lai trong qu kh.Ex: He said that he would look for a jobEx: Mary said that she could play the piano

(1) Simple past - (2) Past perfectHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh, li su v trong qu kh.Ex: I hoped he had arrived safelyEx: They thought he had been here last night

Note: Nhng nguyn tc trn y ch c p dng khi cc mnh trong cu c lin h vi nhau v mt thi gian nhng nu cc mnh trong cu c thi gian ring bit th ng t phi tun theo thi gian ca chnh mnh .Ex: He promised to tell me, till now I haven't received any call from him, though.

S ph hp v th gia hai v trong mt cu ting Anh

Nu 2 mnh trong mt cu ting Anh c quan h v thi gian vi nhau th th ca ng t mnh chnh s quyt nh th ca ng t mnh ph.

Nu mt cu ting Anh c 2 mnh v 2 mnh c lin h thi gian vi nhauth th ca ng t mnh chnh s quyt nh th ca ng t mnh ph.

Do youknowwhois ridingthe horse? (Bn c bit ai ang ci nga khng?)

Iknowthat sheis goingto win that prize. (Ti bit l c y s thng gii m.)

Simple presentSimple pastHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt qu kh c xc nh c th v mt thi gian.

V d:Ihopehearrivedsafely. (Ti hi vng l anh y n ni an ton.)

Simple presentPresent perfect(progressive)Hnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh trong mt qu kh khng c xc nh c th v mt thi gian.

V d:

Weknowthat youhavespokenwith Mike aboutthe party. (Chng ti bit l bn ni vi Mike v bui tic.)

Mikevisitedus while hewas stayingin Hanoi. (Mike n thm chng ti khi anh y H Ni.)

Hesaidthat hewould lookfor a job. (Anh y ni l s tm mt cng vic.)

Simple pastPast perfectHnh ng ca mnh ph xy ra trc hnh ng ca mnh chnh, li su v trong qu kh.

V d:Ihopedhehad arrivedsafely. (Ti mong l anh y n ni an ton.)

43. CU TRC SONG SONG TRONG CU

Khi thng tin trong mt cu c a ra di dng lit k th cc thnh phn c lit k phi tng ng vi nhau v mt t loi (noun - noun, adjective - adjective, ...). V d:

SAING

Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, andhe teaches.Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, anda teacher.

Peter isrich,handsome, andmany people like him.Peter isrich,handsome, andpopular.

The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilent.The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilently.

She liketo fish,swimandsurfing.She liketo fish,to swimandto surf.She likefishing,swimmingandsurfing.

When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orthe army.When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orjoining the army.

Timenteredthe room,satdown, andis openinghis book.Timenteredthe room,satdown, andopenedhis book.

Tuy nhin nu thi gian trong cc mnh khc nhau ca cu l khc nhau th ng t cng phi tun theo qui lut thi gian. Lc cu trc cu song song v thi ca cc ng t (nh v d dng cui bng trn) khng c p dng. V d:Sheisa senior,studiesevery day, andwill graduatea semester early.

Cu trc song song trong cu ting Anh

Cu trc song song trong cu ngha l nhng thng tin lit k trong cng mt cu phi ging nhau v t loi hoc th khi thi gian trong cc mnh ca cu l nh nhau (...)

- Khi thng tin trong mt cu c a ra di dng lit k th cc thnh phn c lit k phi tng ng vi nhau v t loi (noun - noun, adjective - adjective, ) hoc th ca ng t.

V d:SAING

Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, andhe teaches.Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, anda teacher.

Peter isrich,handsome, andmany people like him.Peter isrich,handsome, andpopular.

The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilent.The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilently.

She liketo fish,swimandsurfing.She liketo fish,to swimandto surf.She likefishing,swimmingandsurfing.

When teenagers finishhigh school, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orthe army.When teenagers finishhigh school, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orjoining the army.

Timenteredthe room,satdown, andisopeninghis book.Timenteredthe room,satdown, andopenedhis book.

- Tuy nhin nu thi gian trong cc mnh ca cu l khc nhau th ng t cng phi tun theo qui lut thi gian. Khi cu trc cu song song v thi ca cc ng t khng c p dng.

V d:Sheisa senior,studiesevery day, andwill graduateasemesterearly.

Bi trc::||::Bi tip theo 43. Cu trc song song trong cu

Khi thng tin trong mt cu c a ra di dng lit k th cc thnh phn c lit k phi tng ng vi nhau v mt t loi (noun - noun, adjective - adjective, ...). V d:

SAINGMr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, andhe teaches.

Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, anda teacher.

Peter isrich,handsome, andmany people like him.

Peter isrich,handsome, andpopular.

The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilent.

The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilently.

She liketo fish,swimandsurfing.

She liketo fish,to swimandto surf.She likefishing,swimmingandsurfing.

When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orthe army.

When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orjoining the army.

Timenteredthe room,satdown, andis openinghis book.

Timenteredthe room,satdown, andopenedhis book.

Tuy nhin nu thi gian trong cc mnh khc nhau ca cu l khc nhau th ng t cng phi tun theo qui lut thi gian. Lc cu trc cu song song v thi ca cc ng t (nh v d dng cui bng trn) khng c p dng. V d: Sheisa senior,studiesevery day, andwill graduatea semester early.

Cu trc song song trong cu

Cu trc song song trong cu

Khi thng tin trong mt cu c a ra di dng lit k th cc thnh phn c lit k phi tng ng vi nhau v mt t loi (noun - noun, adjective - adjective, ...). V d:SAINGMr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, andhe teaches.Mr. Henry isa lawyer,a politician, anda teacher.Peter isrich,handsome, andmany people like him.Peter isrich,handsome, andpopular.The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilent.The cat approached the mouseslowlyandsilently.She liketo fish,swimandsurfing.She liketo fish,to swimandto surf.She likefishing,swimmingandsurfing.When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orthe army.When teenagers finish highschool, they have several choices:going to college,getting a job, orjoining the army.Timenteredthe room,satdown, andis openinghis book.Timenteredthe room,satdown, andopenedhis book.

Tuy nhin nu thi gian trong cc mnh khc nhau ca cu l khc nhau th ng t cng phi tun theo qui lut thi gian. Lc cu trc cu song song v thi ca cc ng t (nh v d dng cui bng trn) khng c p dng. V d:Sheisa senior,studiesevery day, andwill graduatea semester early.

Gii t trong Ting Anh20:30 PM 15/09/2012

Gii t trong Ting Anh: Quy tc s dng Gii t trong Ting Anh, hc cch s dng Gii t trong Ting Anh: by, out of, on, in, At ... v mt s thnh ng thng dng vi gii tGii t trong Ting AnhBy: ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua (walk by the library). ng t tnh + by = gn (your books are by the window). By + thi gian c th = trc lc, cho n lc (hnh ng cho n lc phi xy ra) During = trong sut (hot ng din ra lin tc) From = t >< to =" n" time =" i"> Out of = ra khi>< date = "mi," work ="tht" question =" khng" order =" hng," into="vo"> By:ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua (walk by the library)ng t tnh + by = gn (your books are by the window)by + thi gian c th = trc lc, cho n lc (hnh ng cho n lc phi xy ra)by + phng tin giao thng = i bngby then = cho n lc (dng cho c QK v TL)by way of= theo ng... = viaby the way = mt cch tnh c, ngu nhinby the way = by the by = nhn y, nhn tinby far + so snh (thng l so snh bc nht)=>dng nhn mnhby accident = by mistake = tnh c, ngu nhin > In= bn trongIn + month/yearIn time for = In good time for = ng gi (thng kp lm g, hi sm hn gi nh mt cht)In the street = di lng ngIn the morning/ afternoon/ eveningIn the past/future = trc kia, trong qu kh/ trong tng laiIn future = from now on = t nay tr iIn the begining/ end = at first/ last = thot u/ rt cuc

In the way = ngang li, chn liOnce in a while = i khi, thnh thongIn no time at all = trong nhy mt, mt thongIn the mean time = meanwhile = cng lcIn the middle of (a im)= giaIn the army/ airforce/ navyIn + the + STT + row = hng th...In the event that = trong trng hp mIn case = phng khi, ng nhGet/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = lin lc, tip xc vi ai On= trn b mt:On + th trong tun/ ngy trong thngOn + a/the + phng tin giao thng = trn chuyn/ ln chuyn...On + ph = a ch... (nh B.E : in + ph)On the + STT + floor = tng th...On time = va ng gi (bt chp iu kin bn ngoi, ngha mnh hn in time)On the corner of = gc ph (gia hai ph)Ch :In the corner = gc trongAt the corner = gc ngoi/ ti gc phOn the sidewalk = pavement = trn va hCh :On the pavement (A.E.)= trn mt ng nha(Dont brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car)On the way to: trn ng n >< telephone =" gi" phone =" nh" whole=" ni" hand =" tuy" n=" however" hand =" mt" hand =" mt" sale =" for" sale =" c" foot =" i"> At= tiAt + s nhAt + thi gian c thAt home/ school/ workAt night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = gia tra (she was invited to the party at noon, but she was 15 minutes late))At least = ch t, ti thiu >< most =" ti" once ="ngay" moment =" now" ving =" at" times =" i" first =" thot">< last =" cui" day =" on"> Mt s cc thnh ng dng vi gii tOn the beach: trn b binAlong the beach: dc theo b binIn place of = Instead of: thay cho, thay v.For the most part: chnh l, ch yu l = mainly.In hope of + V-ing = Hoping to + V = Hoping that + sentence = vi hi vng l.off and on: dai dng, ti hiall of a sudden= suddenly = bng nhinfor good = forever: vnh vin, mi mi.Cch s dng gii t ch thi gian trong ting AnhCch s dng gii t ch thi gian trong ting Anh

* AT: ch thi gian chnh xc (At 10 oclock)* IN: dng cho thng, nm, th k v nhng thi k di* ON: cho th, ngyatinon

thi gian chnh xcthng, nm, th k v nhng thi k dith, ngy

at 3 oclockin Mayon Sunday

at 10.30amin summeron Tuesdays

at noonin the summeron 6 March

at dinnertimein 1990on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtimein the 1990son Christmas Day

at sunrisein the next centuryon Independence Day

at sunsetin the Ice Ageon my birthday

at the momentin the past/futureon New Years Eve

VD:

I have a meetingat9am.

The shop closesatmidnight.

Jane went homeatlunchtime.

In England, it often snowsinDecember.

Do you think we will go to Jupiterinthe future?

There should be a lot of progressinthe next century.

Do you workonMondays?

Her birthday ison20 November.

Where will you beonNew Years Day?

Ch s dng gii t AT trong mt s cm t tiu chun sau:ExpressionExample

at nightThe stars shineat night.

at the weekendI dont usually workat the weekend.

at Christmas/EasterI stay with my familyat Christmas.

at the same timeWe finished the testat the same time.

at presentHes not homeat present. Try later.

Ch s dng gii t In v ON trong mt s cm t tiu chun sau:inon

in the morningon Tuesday morning

in the morningson Saturday mornings

in the afternoon(s)on Sunday afternoons

in the evening(s)on Monday evening

Khi ta dnglast, next, every, this th khng dng gii tat, in, on na: I went to LondonlastJune. (notin lastJune)

Hes coming backnextTuesday. (noton nextTuesday)

I go homeeveryEaster. (notat everyEaster)

Well call youthisevening. (notin thisevening)

47. Cch s dng gii t trong ting Anh

During = trong sut (hot ng din ra lin tc)

From = t >< to = nFrom ... to ...= t ... n... (dng cho thi gian v ni chn) From time to time = i khi, thnh thong

Out of=ra khi>Out of + noun = ht, khng cnOut of town = i vngOut of date=c, lc hu >< up to date = mi, cp nhtOut of work = tht nghip, mt vicOut of the question = khng thOut of order = hng, khng hot ng

By:ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua (walk by the library)ng t tnh + by = gn (your books are by the window)by + thi gian c th = trc lc, cho n lc (hnh ng cho n lc phi xy ra)by + phng tin giao thng = i bngby then = cho n lc (dng cho c QK v TL)by way of= theo ng... = viaby the way = mt cch tnh c, ngu nhinby the way = by the by = nhn y, nhn tinby far + so snh (thng l so snh bc nht)=>dng nhn mnhby accident = by mistake = tnh c, ngu nhin >< on purose

In = bn trongIn + month/yearIn time for = In good time for = ng gi (thng kp lm g, hi sm hn gi nh mt cht)In the street = di lng ngIn the morning/ afternoon/ eveningIn the past/future = trc kia, trong qu kh/ trong tng laiIn future = from now on = t nay tr iIn the begining/ end = at first/ last = thot u/ rt cucIn the way = ngang li, chn liOnce in a while = i khi, thnh thongIn no time at all = trong nhy mt, mt thongIn the mean time = meanwhile = cng lcIn the middle of (a im)= giaIn the army/ airforce/ navyIn + the + STT + row = hng th...In the event that = trong trng hp mIn case = phng khi, ng nhGet/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = lin lc, tip xc vi ai

On = trn b mt:On + th trong tun/ ngy trong thngOn + a/the + phng tin giao thng = trn chuyn/ ln chuyn...On + ph = a ch... (nh B.E : in + ph)On the + STT + floor = tng th...On time = va ng gi (bt chp iu kin bn ngoi, ngha mnh hn in time)On the corner of = gc ph (gia hai ph)Ch : In the corner = gc trong At the corner = gc ngoi/ ti gc phOn the sidewalk = pavement = trn va hCh : On the pavement (A.E.)= trn mt ng nha (Dont brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car)On the way to: trn ng n >< on the way back to: trn ng tr vOn the right/leftOn T.V./ on the radioOn the phone/ telephone = gi in thoi, ni chuyn in thoiOn the phone = nh c mc in thoi (Are you on the phone?)On the whole= ni chung, v i thOn the other hand = tuy nhin= howeverCh : On the one hand = mt mt th on the other hand = mt khc th (On the one hand, we must learn the basic grammar, and on the other hand, we must combine it with listening comprehension)on sale = for sale = c bn, bnon sale (A.E.)= bn h gi = at a discount (B.E)on foot = i b

At = tiAt + s nhAt + thi gian c thAt home/ school/ workAt night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = gia tra (she was invited to the party at noon, but she was 15 minutes late))At least = ch t, ti thiu >< at most = ti aAt once =ngay lp tcAt present/ the moment = nowCh : 2 thnh ng trn tng ng vi presently nhng presently se khc nhau v ngha nu n ng cc v tr khc nhau trong cu:Sentence + presently (= soon): ngay tc th ( She will be here presently/soon)Presently + sentence (= Afterward/ and then) : ngay sau (Presently, I heard her leave the room)S + to be + presently + Ving = at present/ at the moment ( He is presently working toward his Ph.D. degree)At times = i khi, thnh thongAt first = thot u >< at last = cui cngAt the beginning of / at the end of... = u/ cui (dng cho thi gian v a im).At + tn cc ngy l : at Christmas, at Thanks Giving...Nhng on + tn cc ngy l + day = on Christmas day ...Trong dng informal E., on trc cc th trong tun i khi b lc b: She is going to see her boss (on) Sun. morning.At/in/on thng c khng dng trong cc thnh ng ch thi gian khi c mt: next, last, this, that, one, any, each, every, some, allAt + a im : at the center of the buildingAt + nhng a im ln (khi xem n nh mt ni trung chuyn hoc gp g): The plane stopped 1 hour at Washington D.C. before continuing on to Atlanta.At + tn cc to nh ln (khi xem nh 1 hnh ng s xy ra ch khng cp n to nh) : There is a good movie at the Center Theater.At + tn ring cc t chc: She works at Legal & General Insurence.At + tn ring ni cc trng s hoc khu vc i hc: She is studying at the London school of Economics.At + tn cc hot ng qui t thnh nhm: at a party/ lecture...

Mt s cc thnh ng dng vi gii tOn the beach: trn b binAlong the beach: dc theo b binIn place of = Instead of: thay cho, thay v.For the most part: chnh l, ch yu l = mainly.In hope of + V-ing = Hoping to + V = Hoping that + sentence = vi hi vng l.off and on: dai dng, ti hiall of a sudden= suddenly = bng nhinfor good = forever: vnh vin, mi mi.

Gii t - Ng php c bn

GII T(Prepositions)

1. nh ngha:Gii t l t loi ch s lin quan gia cc t loi trong cm t, trong cu. Nhng t thng i sau gii t l tn ng (Object), Verb + ing, Cm danh t ...V d:a. I went into the room.b. I was sitting in the room at that time.Ta thy r, v d a., "the room" l tn ng ca gii t "into". v d b., "the room" l tn ng ca gii t "in".Ch : Cc bn phi lun phn bit trng t v gii t, v thng khi mt t c hai chc nng (va l trng t v gii t). iu khc nhau c bn l Trng t th khng c tn ng theo sau. Hy xt cc cu sau y:V d:1. Please, come in. It's raining. (Trng t)We are in the small room. (Gii t); v tn ng ca "In" l "The room"2. He ran down quickly. (Trng t) - v "quickly" khng phi l tn ng ca "down"; n ch l trng t ch cch thc m thi.3. My dictionary is on the desk. (Gii t) - v n lin kt vi tn ng: (the desk).2. Cch s dng gii t trong ting Anh:C th ni vic dng cc gii t khng phi d, v mi nc c cch dng gii t c bit; vy ta phi rt ch n n ngay t lc mi hc mn ngoi ng ni chung v ting Anh ni ring.Trong ting Anh, ngi ta khng th t ra cc quy lut v cc php dng gii t mang tnh c nh cho mi gii t - cng mt gii t, khi i vi t loi khc nhau th to ra ngha khc nhau. Vy chng ta nn hc thuc mi khi gp phi v hc ngay t lc ban u.V d:depend onindependent oflook afterlook forlook up to....................wait forthink ofmake uplook uplive on................3. Cc loi gii t trong ting Anh.Cc gii t trong ting Anh c th c phn thnh my loi sau:3.1. Gii t ch Thi gian.afteratbeforebehindbyduringforfrominonsincethroughoutforewarduntilwithin3.2. Gii t ch a im/Ni chn.aboutaboveacrossatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebeyondbyinoffonoverthroughtotowardunderwithinwithout3.3. Gii t ch L do, nguyn nhn.atforfromofonoverthroughwith3.4. Gii t ch Mc ch.afteratforonto3.5. Gii t thng:afteragainstamongbetweenbyforfromofontowith4. V tr gii tThng thng, gii t ting Anh c t nh ting Vit; tuy nhin, n c th t ngay trc T nghi vn hay i t.V d: What is this medal made of?Of what is this medal made?hayThe man whom we listened to is our new teacher.The man to whom we listened is our new teacher.5. Cch t t ng c gii t: V tr ca gii t trong cu c th lm thay i ngha ca cu .V d:1- A letter was read from his friend in the class room.A letter from his friend was read in the class room.(Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" c v tr khc nhau)2- With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning.With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning.(Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" c v tr khc nhau)6. Mt gii Gi t thng thng:1. AT, IN, ON1. AT : dng trc thi gian ngn: gi, pht giy ...At 10 o'clock; at this moment; at 10 a.m2. ON : dng trc thi gian ch: ngy, th ngy (trong lch ...)On Sunday; on this day....3. IN : dng trc thi gian di: thng, ma, nm, ...In June; in July; in Spring; in 2005...2. IN, INTO, OUT OF1. IN: dng ch v tr (a im - khng chuyn hng)In the classroom; in the concert hal; in the box....2. INTO: dng ch s chuyn ng t ngoi vo trong.I go into the classroom.3. OUT OF: dng ch s chuyn ng t trong ra ngoi.I go out of the classroom.3. FOR, DURING, SINCE:1. FOR : dng o khong thi gianFor two months...For four weeks..For the last few years...2. DURING : dng ch hnh ng xy ra trong sut thi gian ca s vt, s kin:During christman time; During the film; During the play...3. SINCE : dng nh du thi gianSince last Saturday, since Yesterday.4. AT, TO1. AT: dng ch s c nh mt v tr no tng i nh, v nu din tch ni ln hn ta dng "in".At the door; At home; At schoolIn Ha Noi; In the world2. TO: dng ch s chuyn ng ti mt ni no .Go to the window; Go to the market5. ON, OVER, ABOVE. ( trn)1. ON: dng ch v tr ng lin ngay trnOn the table; on the desk ...2. OVER: dng ch cc lp/th t ln trn (o, qun)I usually wear a shirt over my singlet.3. ABOVE: Vi ngha l trn nhng ch s cao hn so vi vt khc thp hn.The ceiling fans are above the pupils.The planes fly above our heads.6. TILL, UNTIL (ti, cho ti khi)1. TILL: dng cho thi gian v khng gian.Wait for me till next Friday (thi gian)They walked till the end of the road. (khng gian)2. UNTIL: dng vi thi gian.He did not come back until 11.pm yesterday. (thi gian)

Cch dng gii t trong ting anh

Cho cc ban. Mnh cm thy tht l kh khi s dng gii t trong ting nh V th mnh mun chng ta chia s nhng kin thc ca mi ngi mi ngi gp gi thnh bo, cng hon thin kin thc ca chnh minh.Bi u tin mnh xin post mt cht kin thc v gii t m mnh su tp ucDuring = trong sut (hot ng din ra lin tc)

From = t >< to = nFrom ... to ...= t ... n... (dng cho thi gian v ni chn)From time to time = i khi, thnh thong

Out of=ra khi>< up to date = mi, cp nhtOut of work = tht nghip, mt vicOut of the question = khng thOut of order = hng, khng hot ng

By:ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua (walk by the library)ng t tnh + by = gn (your books are by the window)by + thi gian c th = trc lc, cho n lc (hnh ng cho n lc phi xy ra)by + phng tin giao thng = i bngby then = cho n lc (dng cho c QK v TL)by way of= theo ng... = viaby the way = mt cch tnh c, ngu nhinby the way = by the by = nhn y, nhn tinby far + so snh (thng l so snh bc nht)=>dng nhn mnhby accident = by mistake = tnh c, ngu nhin >< on purose

In = bn trongIn + month/yearIn time for = In good time for = ng gi (thng kp lm g, hi sm hn gi nh mt cht)In the street = di lng ngIn the morning/ afternoon/ eveningIn the past/future = trc kia, trong qu kh/ trong tng laiIn future = from now on = t nay tr iIn the begining/ end = at first/ last = thot u/ rt cucIn the way = ngang li, chn liOnce in a while = i khi, thnh thongIn no time at all = trong nhy mt, mt thongIn the mean time = meanwhile = cng lcIn the middle of (a im)= giaIn the army/ airforce/ navyIn + the + STT + row = hng th...In the event that = trong trng hp mIn case = phng khi, ng nhGet/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = lin lc, tip xc vi ai

On = trn b mt:On + th trong tun/ ngy trong thngOn + a/the + phng tin giao thng = trn chuyn/ ln chuyn...On + ph = a ch... (nh B.E : in + ph)On the + STT + floor = tng th...On time = va ng gi (bt chp iu kin bn ngoi, ngha mnh hn in time)On the corner of = gc ph (gia hai ph)Ch :In the corner = gc trongAt the corner = gc ngoi/ ti gc phOn the sidewalk = pavement = trn va hCh :On the pavement (A.E.)= trn mt ng nha(Dont brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car)On the way to: trn ng n >< on the way back to: trn ng tr vOn the right/leftOn T.V./ on the radioOn the phone/ telephone = gi in thoi, ni chuyn in thoiOn the phone = nh c mc in thoi (Are you on the phone?)On the whole= ni chung, v i thOn the other hand = tuy nhin= howeverCh :On the one hand = mt mt thon the other hand = mt khc th(On the one hand, we must learn the basic grammar, and on the other hand, we must combine it with listening comprehension)on sale = for sale = c bn, bnon sale (A.E.)= bn h gi = at a discount (B.E)on foot = i b

At = tiAt + s nhAt

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CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM.doc