Causative n Reltn Words

8/7/2019 Causative n Reltn Words

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MGMP/ ENGLISH/ XII

USING CAUSATIVE VERBS: MAKE, HAVE, GET

Make, have, and get can be used to express the idea that "X" causes "Y" to do

something. When they are used as 'causative verbs', their meanings are similar but

not identical. (See the diagram below.)

NOTE:

The past participle is used after have and get to give passive meaning .

For example:

I had the flowers watered (by someone).

I got the flowers watered (by someone).

CAUSATIVE

("X" causes "Y" todo something)

Make

("X" forces "Y" to do something)

Have

("X" requests "Y" todo something)

Get

("X" persuades "Y"to do something)

I made my sister water the flowers.

I had my sister water the flowers. I got my sister to

water the flowers.


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See the following diagram:

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.

Examples: a. Mrs. Mulyani got the man . to paint ..her house. (paint)

b. Mrs. Mulyani had her house painted .... (paint)

1. I spilled some chili sauce on my t- shirt. Now I need to get my t- shirt

(clean)

2. Dian Sastro had a professional photographer .. pictures of

everyone who participated in her wedding. (take)

3. Mr. Felix made his son.the windows before he could go

outside to play. (wash)

4. The teacher had the pupils ..a 300- word composition.

(write)

Causative

Active Meaning Passive Meaning

Mr. Gino made/ had the mechanicrepair his car .

Mr . Gino got the mechanic torepair his car Mr. Gino had/ got his car repaired

(by the mechanic)


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5. I got Fitri ..me some money so I could buy a new novel last

night. (lend)

6. When Marshanda went shopping, she found a jacket that she really liked.

After she had the sleeves .., it fit her perfectly. (shorten)

7. On the way to Malang, we stopped at the service station to have the tank

(fill)

8. My friend got me a letter for him. (translate)

9. The sad expression on her face made me .sorry for her. (feel)

10. I didn't know how to get to Barbara's house, so I had her a map

for me. (draw)

Exercise 2 : Error Analysis: Find and correct the errors in the following.

Example : I had my brother to carry my bag.

Correction : I had my brother carry my bag

1.Peeling onions always make me to cry.2.His father had Arman painted the fence, but he got his brother do it.

3.The man had the swimmingpool build.

4.Devina was lying under a tree listening to the bird sing, and had her

novel to take.

5.Her manager made her to redo her report because he wasn't satisfied

with it.

6.Fadli had a bad headache yesterday, so he got his twin brother, Fadlan,go to class for him. The teacher didn't know the difference.

7.Monica is sitting in the dentist room to have her tooth pick.

8.Callysta explains the mathematics problems clearly, so it makes her

friends understood the subject.

9.The teacher had the students to open their books to page 99.

10.I was so tired, so I got my room clean.


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RELATIONSHIP WORDS:

CAUSE AND EFFECT, OPPOSITION, CONDITION

Study the following examples:

1. She needs some money because she wants to buy a new hand phone.

2. Because his father was sick, he didn't attend the meeting this morning.

3. Since I was a child, I have learned mathematics.

4. As I was walking home, it began to rain.

5. Rudy didn't study, so he got bad score on many subjects.

6. Abimanyu didn't prepare well. He, therefore, failed the test.7. Farah didn't do her homework. Consequently , she was not permitted to join

the class.

8. The child hid behind his mother's skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.

9. Because of the bad weather, we didn't go swimming.

10. Due to the good weather, we go cycling.

CAUSE ANDEFFECT

Adverb clausewords

Transition Conjunction

Sofor

Preposition

ThereforeConsequently

because of Due to

BecauseSince

Asso


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1. Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming .2. Although it was cold, I went swimming.3. Though it was cold, I went swimming.

4. Suharto is rich,whereas Jack is poor.5. WhereasSuharto is rich, Jack is poor.6. Habibi is clever ,while Tompel is stupid.

7.It was cold. Nevertheless , we went swimming.8. It was cold. Nonetheless, we went swimming.9. It was cold. However , we still went swimming.10. Maria is diligent. Mario, on the other hand , is lazy.

11.It was cold, but I went swimming anyway .12. It was cold, yet I still went swimming.

13. Despite the coldweather, I went swimming.14. In spite of the

cold weather, I went swimming.

OPPOSITION

Adverb clausewords

Transition

Conjunction

Even thoughAlthoughThoughWhereas

while

NeverthelessNonetheless

However On the other hand

But (......anyway)Yet (..........still)

Preposition

DespiteIn spite of


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1. I'll go shopping unless it rains. (unless = if .not)2.The picnic will be cancelled only if it rains .

3. Only if it rains will the picnic be cancelled. ( see the main clause isinverted)

4.You'd better hurry. Otherwise , you'll be late.5.Raka always eats breakfast. Otherwise , he gets hungry during class.

6.You'd better hurry, or (else) you'll be late.7.Raka always eats breakfast, or (else) he gets hungry during class.

8. I'll be in my uncle's house in case you (should) need to reach me.9. In the event that you should need to reach me, I'll be at my uncle's house.

Exercise 1: Using two ideas of to study and to pass or fail the exam , completethe following. Punctuate correctly. Add capital letters as necessary.

1. I failed the exam because.2. Although I studied

CONDITION

Adverb clausewords Transition

Conjunction

Preposition

UnlessOnly if Even if

Whether or not

Otherwise

Or (else)

In case of (that)In the event of

(that)


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3. I did not study therefore..

4. I studied nevertheless5.Since I did not study.6. Unless I study for the test..7. I must study otherwise..8. I did not study consequently9.Only if I study10.I studied hard yet..

Exercise 2: Using the ideas of to be hungry (or not to be hungry) and to eatbreakfast (or not to eat breakfast), complete the following .Punctuate and capitalize correctly.

1. Because I was not hungry this morning 2. Because I ate breakfast this morning .now.3. I ate breakfast this morning nonetheless ..4. I never eat breakfast unless ...5. I was not hungry however .6. I was not hungry this morning but ...7. I was not hungry so .8. I always eat breakfast whether or not 9. I eat breakfast only if .10. I was hungry this morning nevertheless .

(for further study, see Betty S. Azar 'Understanding and Using EnglishGrammar' )

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Causative n Reltn Words