Causes of Disease Questions

7/27/2019 Causes of Disease Questions

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1. (a) Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium,Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Describe howMycobacterium tuberculosis enters the human body.

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The graph shows the death rate from tuberculosis in England and Wales.

4 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

1 0 0 0

5 0 0

0

1 4 0 1 ! 0 1 0 1 " 0 0 1 " 2 0 1 " 4 0 1 " ! 0 1 " 0 2 0 0 0

D e a t h s # e rm i l l i o n o $ # o # u l a t i o n

% e a r

Groby Community College 1


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(b) The population of England and Wales in 1860 was 20 066 000. alculate thenumber of people who died of tuberculosis that !ear. "how !our wor#ing.

$nswer ..................................(2)

(Total 4 marks)

2. (a) The graph shows the number of new cases of two diseases which occurred intwo different human populations.

& u m b e r o $n e w c a s e sr e # o r t e de a c h d a y

0 1 2 3 4 5 ! ' " 1 0 1 1

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) n $ l u e n * a

S a l m o n e l l a $ o o d # o i s o n i n +



3/13

E%plain the shape of the cur&e for

(i) Salmonella food poisoning'

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(ii) influena.

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(b) ndi&iduals with food poisoning often suffer from diarrhoea. E%plain how theeffects of diarrhoea on the bod! can be treated.

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(Total 4 marks)



4/13

3. (a) Whooping cough is a childhood respirator! disease caused b! a bacterium.The graph shows the incidence of whooping cough in entral Europe from 1*6*to 1***.

1 " ! " 1 " ' 4 1 " ' " 1 " 4 1 " " 1 " " 4 1 " " "% e a r

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1

0

, e # o r t e dc a s e s # e r1 0 0 0 0 0# o # u l a t i o n

(i) alculate the percentage change in the incidence of whooping cough from1*82 to 1***. "how !our wor#ing.

$nswer ............................................(2)

(ii) "uggest one reason for the trend in the number of cases of whooping

cough since 1*82.

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(b) Whooping cough bacteria pre&ent the normal functioning of cilia in the respirator!tract. E%plain how this effect is lin#ed to the persistent coughing associated withthe disease.

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(Total 5 marks)

4. The table shows the results of some blood tests carried out on a patient admitted tohospital suffering from a suspected m!ocardial infarction (heart attac#).

Substance Concentration inpatients

blood/arbitra

ry units

Range ofconcentration in blood of

ealt!indi"iduals#arbitrar! units

+rea ,.- 2.,-!.'

holesterol .2 3.!-!.'

/actate dehydro+enase en*yme 22!3 300 - !00

otassium 4.3 3.4 - 5.2

(a) $ m!ocardial infarction results in damage to the muscle of the heart.

(i) E%plain how a blood clot ma! cause damage to the muscle of the heart.

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(2)



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(ii) actate deh!drogenase is an en!me found inside health! heart musclecells. "uggest wh! the concentration of this en!me in the blood can beused to confirm that this patient had suffered a m!ocardial infarction.

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(2)

(b) +se the table to e%plain what is meant b! a risk factor.

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(2)(Total $ marks)

5. (a) The graph shows the number of deaths from influena per !ear in a de&elopedcountr!.



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& u m b e r o $d e a t h s # e ry e a r (

t h o u s a n d s

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5

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T i m e ( y e a r s



9/13

(i) "uggest an e%planation for the change in the number of deaths frominfluena during the first 10 !ears.

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(1)

(ii) "uggest an e%planation for the large increase in the number of deaths frominfluena in !ear 11.

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(2)

(b) The diagram shows some of the structures on the outside of an influena &irus.

& e u r a m i n i d a s e

a e m a + + l u t i n i n



10/13

/aemagglutinin and neuraminidase are protein molecules. /aemagglutinin bindsto receptor molecules on the surface of epithelial cells in the breathing s!stem.euraminidase is an en!me which brea#s down molecules in the surfacemembrane of epithelial cells and allows the &iruses to be released from the cells.

(i) escribe how T l!mphoc!tes recognise and respond to the influena &irus.

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(ii) escribe how l!mphoc!tes respond to the influena &irus.

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(2)

(c) ew drugs ha&e recentl! become a&ailable for treating influena. 3ne t!pe is aneuraminidase inhibitor. E%plain how this t!pe of drug would act as a treatment

for influena.

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(Total % marks)



11/13



12/13

$. 4eople considered at ris are o$$ered a accination a+ainst in$luen*a each year. The bar chartshows the number o$ #eo#le in the 67 #o#ulation a+ed !5 and oer and the #ercenta+e o$ those

who were accinated a+ainst in$luen*a each winter.

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o # u l a t i o na + e d ! 5 a n do e r ( m i l l i o n s

e r c e n t a + e o $ # e o # l e a + e d! 5 a n d o e r a c c i n a t e dt h a t w i n t e r

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1 " " 5- 1 " " !

1 " " - 1 " " "

2 0 0 0- 2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2- 2 0 0 3

% e a r

e r c e n t a + e

o # u l a t i o n

(a) "uggest one reason to e%plain the change in the percentage of people aged 6,and o&er being &accinated.

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(b) (i) alculate the change in the total number of people aged 6, and o&er being

&accinated between 1**05*1 and 2000501. "how !our wor#ing.

$nswer .................................(2)



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(ii) $ student suggested that some people aged 6, and o&er were being&accinated e&er! !ear. E%plain how the information in the bar chartsupports this suggestion.

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(iii) "uggest wh! it is ad&isable for people to be &accinated against influenae&er! !ear.

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(2)

(c) $n influena &irus consists of a protein coat surrounding nucleic acid. The

influena &accine consists onl! of the protein coat of the &irus. E%plain how theinfluena &accine produces immunit! in the bod!.

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(Total % marks)


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Causes of Disease Questions