Causes of the Civil War Think- What factors unite this country? What factors divide this country? (examples)

Could any of these factors split the nation? political, social(people), cultural(lifestyles), economic ($ differences), religion

• Students will understand the series of events during the 1850’s that lead to a deterioration between the North and the South which lead the South to secede (break away) and start it’s own country

• Goal Questions

• 1) Analyze the key viewpoint that the both the North and South had towards slavery (beyond N against, S for)

• 2-5)Identify and explain 5 factors that caused the country to divided into the Civil War

The issue of slavery • South- wants to preserve slavery

– States Rights- slavery should be decided by each state

– Political power- need to create new slave states to retain power in Senate

• North

– Abolitionism- some in the North want to ban slavery

• William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” 1st anti-slavery newspaper

– ?How does this create an anti-slavery movement

– Expansion in the west- majority of Northerners want to keep slavery out of land acquired from Mexico in the west and keep slavery where it already is

– Why would Northerners only want to limit slavery rather than outright ban slavery?

Ch 16/18 Insights

• ID- William Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth (P 365) and Frederick Douglass (366)

• Summary 1- Identify Garrison (using your own words!!!)

– White, bookish/dorky, frail/small

• Summary 2- How is Sojouner Truth different from Garrison (LOOK!!!)

– African/American woman, haggard (tough but worn)

• Summary 3- ID Douglass (using your own words!!)

– African/American male, handsome, well spoken, smart

OI- Early Abolitionism, Radical Abolitionism (Abolitionism is the movement to end slavery) 1) How did the American Colonization Society try to solve the problem of slavery?

Sending ex-slaves back to Africa Liberia- country settled by US in Africa for former slaves

2) Why was that solution a problem for African-American slaves by 1860? American slaves were no longer African but Native born African/American What American influences do you see in the pictures? Is Liberia a good solution or not?

• 3) Think- Why do you feel William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper “The Liberator” was a dramatic step forward in the abolitionist movement? – First newspaper that informed white people of the evils of slavery

• 4) What did David Walker’s Appeal to Colored Citizens of the World advocate? – That African-Americans should rise up and fight back against whites

• 5) Where did Douglass feel the solution to “end the blight of slavery “would come from? – Political action/ government

– What group in society do you feel will be needed to end slavery in US? (Whites, blacks, government)

• ID- Stop on an Underground Railroad (p 394), Harriet Tubman (p395)

• Summary 4- Describe how this house was a stop on the Underground RR?

– Had a hidden room so slaves could hide in daytime.

• Summary 5- ID Harriet Tubman (in your own words!)

– African-American woman, understated, normal

• OI- Sectional Balance and the Underground Railroad

• 6) Why would the admission of California upset the South?

– It would upset the balance between 15 free states and 15 slaves states

• 7) What was the Underground Railroad?

– A series of safe houses to help slaves escape to Canada

• 8) What did the South want to counter the Underground Railroad?

– A stronger fugitive slave law to return runaway slaves to the south

• 9) Explain- Was the Underground Railroad successful? (Use evidence or logic to back your answer)

– Not really, UG only helped around 1000 slaves escape each year out of 2 million, plus more slaves gained freedom by buying themselves or slaves master’s liberating slaves

– Yes, because UndGr worried slave owners that slaves were thinking about escaping and losing property/investment

Compromise of 1850- South wants more slave states in West to preserve political power, North wants to stop spread of

slavery

• California- wants statehood

– Gold Rush (1849)- thousands move to CA

• Should Ca. be a slave or free state?

• Compromise of 1850

1. CA. enters as a free state

2. Slave Trade in DC ended

3. New Mexico and Utah Territory open to slavery

4. Fugitive Slave Law- N. forced to return run away slaves

• Why would the N. be so upset over the FSL?

• ?Who was the big winner w. Comp. of 1850? N or S?

• ID- Compromise of 1850 (397)

• Summary 6- What state was admitted to the Union as a result of the Compromise of 1850?

– California

• Summary 7- What important new LAW did the South gain from the Compromise of 1850?

– Fugitive Slave Law

OI- Balancing the Compromise Scales 10) Why did the North get the better deal from the Compromise of 1850?

North gained a new state w. 2 senators (more political power) 11) Identify two reasons northerners were against the Fugitive Slave Law?

1) Limit civil rights (slaves could not testify, could same law be extended to whites) 2) Northerners were open to receiving fines and jail for not returning slaves

12) Why was the Fugitive Slave Law such a “blunder” for the South? FSL woke up anger in the North towards the South Remember, what were northerners most against in regards to slavery?

• ID- The Gadsden Purchase (look at the map in the back of the book, two pages from the back cover)

• Summary 8- What present day state the majority of the Gadsden Purchase located in?

– Arizona

• ID- Kansas and Nebraska, 1854 (407)

• Summary 9-What former territory was Ks and Ne a part of? (look at map at back of book)

– Louisiana Territory

Summary 10- Why is the 36’30’ line significant in regards to slavery? Prevented the expansion of slavery North into the La. Territory

OI- Pacific Railroads Promoters and the Gadsden Purchase, Douglass’s Kansas Nebraska Scheme Gadsen Purchase- last bit of land added to US in AZ/NM 13) Why did the South want to purchase the land which would become the Gadsden Purchase?

It would allow for a southern transcontinental RR route 14) How did the US manage to acquire the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico?

Purchase for $10 million (not war)

Kansas-Nebraska Act- extends slavery into an area it was once banned (in Louisiana Territory)

• Senator Stephan Douglass- wants a Transcontinental RR to end in Ill.

– Douglass needs S. support

– What can Douglass over the S. as a compromise? (In regards to slavery)

• Missouri Compromise Repealed (May 1854) slavery is now allowed N. of 36*30*

– Upsets Northerners and destroys Whig party as slavery is now extended into North

• ?What are Northerners most against about slavery?

• Two Territories Created

– Nebraska- closed to slavery

– Kansas-Popular Sovereignty- people of the territory will vote on slavery

– *S. felt it would get a new state

• 15) Where did Senator Stephan Douglas want the western railroad to end? Why?

– Chicago, Ill (so Chicago could become a major city and center of trade)

• 16) How did Douglas feel he could get the south to support his RR scheme?

– By extending slavery into an area it did not exist

• 17) How did Douglas’ plan interfere with the Missouri Compromise?

– Mo Compromise was repealed/ended

18) Why were northerners against the repeal of the Missouri Compromise? Mo. Compromise was seen as an important document like the Constitution that was just pushed aside

19) What was the most ‘durable blunder’ of the Missouri Compromise? Repeal of the Mo. Compromise created the Republican Party

20) What “dissatisfied elements’ gathered together because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Republican party was comprised of ex- Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers (anti-slavery in the west), Know-Nothings (anti-immigrant), and other people against the Ka/Neb. Act

Republican Party- founded as an anti-slavery party after the Whigs died out

• Whigs died because… – Mexican-American War- against, fear

new land would expand slavery • ?Why would being against the

Mex./Am war hurt Whigs? – Repeal of Missouri Comp.- Whigs

could not stand up to the Democrats and protect an important law to prevent expansion of slavery • People wanted a party that was

more reform oriented with the 2nd Great Awakening

• Republican Party- beliefs – Free-Labor (liberty to chose job)

slavery hurt regular workers – Morally Opposed to Slavery- 2nd GA

(how many slaves would Jesus own?) – Planter Power- rich, southern minority

had too much power • How is the R. party different today?