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Causes of the Revolution?
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The Estates General
Estates General
Will call Estates General meeting
at his leisure
First Estate: Clergy
Second
Estate: Aristocrats/
Nobles
Third Estate:
Middle Class
(shopkeepers, craftsmen, not rich, not poor)
The problem with the Estates General?
National Assembly, Tennis Court
Oath, Storming of the Bastille
From Estates General to The National
Assembly
May 5th, 1789
• Estates General meets to figure out voting policies and raising taxes
• 3 weeks pass with no conclusion
June 10, 1789
• Frustrated, the Third Estate decides to meet on its own to discuss how to fix the country and creates the National Assembly
• Members of the First Estate join the National Assembly (eventually all of them)
• They meet to reform the tax system
The Tennis Court Oath
June 20, 1789
• King Louis locks the doors to the National Assembly’s meeting place
• Guards are placed outside with a note that meetings will resume in 2 days
June 20, 1789
• National Assembly moves to an indoor tennis court to take the Tennis Court Oath
• Members of the nobility begin to join the National Assembly (June 22)
Tennis Court Oath
Tennis Court Oath
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Serment_du_Jeu_de_paume.jpg
Royal Tennis Court Versailles
http://www.versailles-tourisme.com/en/discoveries/heritage-palace-city/muste-sees/royal-tennis-court.html
Tennis Court Oath
“Decrees that all members of this assembly immediately take a solemn
oath never to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the
realm is established and fixed upon solid foundations; and that said oath having
been sworn, all members and each one individually confirm this unwavering
resolution with his signature.”
Gazette Nationale, ou Le Monituer universel, trans. Laura Mason in Laura Mason and Tracey Rizzo, eds.,
The French Revolution: A Document Collection (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), pp. 60-61.
Result of Tennis Court Oath
June 22 Louis meets with the National Assembly and
makes reform suggestions but still wants to retain an
absolute monarchy
Louis tries to end the meeting but the NA refuses
Louis lets them stay and continue their meeting
With more nobles joining the National Assembly, the King
orders all the estates to join the National Assembly
NA will now work on a new constitution
The National Assembly
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 25, 1789 “Yesterday at Versailles, the mob was violent,—they insulted, and
even attacked all; the clergy and nobility that are knows to be strenuous for preserving the separation of orders. The bishop of Beauvais had a stone on his head, that almost struck him down. The archbishop of Paris had all his windows broken, and forced to move his lodgings; and the cardinal de la Rochefoucauld hissed and hooted. The confusion is so great, that the court have only the troops to depend on; and it is now said confidently, that if an order is given to the French guards to fire on the people, they will refuse obedience: this astonishes all, except those who know how they have been disgusted by the treatment, conduct, and manœuvres of the duc de Chatelet, their colonel: so wretchedly have the affairs of the court, in every particular, been managed; so miserable its choice of the men in office, even such as are the most intimately connected with its safety, and even existence. What a lesson to princes how they allow intriguing courtiers, women, and fools, to interfere, or assume the power that can be lodged, with safety, only in the hands of ability and experience.”
Arthur Young, June 26, 1789
“Every hour that passes seems to give the people fresh
spirit: the meetings at the Palais Royal are more
numerous, more violent, and more assured; and in the
assembly of electors, at Paris, for sending a deputation to
the National Assembly, the language that was talked, by all
ranks of people, was nothing less than a revolution in the
government, and the establishment of a free constitution:
what they mean by a free constitution is easily
understood—a republic; for the doctrine of the times
runs every day more and more to that point; yet they
profess, that the kingdom ought to be a monarchy too; or,
at least, that there ought to be a king.”
What is it that the Revolutionaries want?
Bastille July 12-14, 1789
Originally part of a fortification for Paris (1370-80)
Becomes a prison in 17th Century
Held upper class criminals (like Voltaire)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bastille_1715.jpg
Storming of the Bastille
Crowds form in Paris because Louis sends troops into France and fires a Parisian minister in favour of change
Swiss mercenaries are brought in to fortify the Bastille
http://bastille-day.com/history/Storming-Of-The-Bastille-July-14-1789
Storming of the Bastille July 14
Launay (Governor of the Bastille) meets with mob delegation but refuses to surrender
Mob climbs over the walls to lower the drawbridge
Launay fights back
French army deserters help the mob by bringing in 5 cannons
Launay surrenders
Launay is supposed to be taken to trial but the mob takes him away, kills him and parades his severed body
icenohibi.blogspot.com
