Causes of US entering WWIICauses of US entering WWII

Military Support of Allies -Neutrality Act and Lend-Lease allow US to supply Britain with war goods

German Sub Attacks on US naval destroyers while escorting British ships

Japanese Imperialism – US economic sanctions against Japan to protest aggression

US Enters WWII December 8, 1941

December 7, 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor              ►       Japan was working on expanding empire Japan was working on expanding empire

throughout the Pacificthroughout the Pacific

► The The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to try and to try and deter Japan from invading countriesdeter Japan from invading countries

  ► U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's secret U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's secret

codescodes  ► Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor - sent the Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor - sent the

message on a slower telegram (by accident) to warn message on a slower telegram (by accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack U.S. Navy about attack

Pearl Harbor ContinuedPearl Harbor Continued

It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken off guardtaken off guard

2 full blown attacks on 2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941

Impact/Damage on U.S.Impact/Damage on U.S.► oo          2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives► oo          1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded► oo          18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged

Pearl Harbor ContinuedPearl Harbor Continued

► Japan viewed as a stunning victoryJapan viewed as a stunning victory

►December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japanon Japan

►December 11, 1941, Germany and December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.Italy declare war on U.S.

Allies v. Axis PowersAllies v. Axis Powers

► AlliesAllies Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance Soviet Union (after Soviet Union (after

6/1941)6/1941) U.S. (after 12/1941)U.S. (after 12/1941) Plus many smaller Plus many smaller

European nationsEuropean nations

► Axis PowersAxis Powers GermanyGermany ItalyItaly JapanJapan

Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic

► 1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were decisive)1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were decisive)

► German U-Boats were sinking unprotectedGerman U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies' U.S. and other Allies' merchant merchant ships ships

► Allies began using convoys to protect shipsAllies began using convoys to protect ships

► The Allies also used a sonar The Allies also used a sonar (radar new invention) system to (radar new invention) system to detect German U-Boatsdetect German U-Boats

► The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid - The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid - 1943, the Allies had the upper hand1943, the Allies had the upper hand

"The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really frightened me" - Winston Churchill.

Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad ((June 1941 – January 31, 1943)June 1941 – January 31, 1943)

►Germans violated nonaggression pact Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attackedwith Soviet Union and attacked

►Hitler Hitler hopedhoped to captured to captured Soviet Soviet oil fieldsoil fields►Stalin used a scorched earth policy Stalin used a scorched earth policy

burning all resources burning all resources to keep Germans to keep Germans from getting themfrom getting them

►Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of the city)the city)

►Winter of 1943 hit- Germans ill preparedWinter of 1943 hit- Germans ill prepared

Battle of Stalingrad cont…Battle of Stalingrad cont…► Hitler forced Germans to stay putHitler forced Germans to stay put

► Soviets used to their advantage and wonSoviets used to their advantage and won

► Soviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battle many of Soviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battle many of them civilians fighting as partisansthem civilians fighting as partisans

► Turning point in WWIITurning point in WWII

► From that point on, From that point on, SovietSoviet army began to army began to movemove westward westward towards Germanytowards Germany

Normandy (France) Normandy (France) Invasion Invasion (D-(D-Day)Day)

► June 6, 1944June 6, 1944

► During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italyand Allies were pushing North in Italy

  ► Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton

influential in leading attackinfluential in leading attack  ► 3 million ally troops to attack3 million ally troops to attack

Normandy Invasion cont.Normandy Invasion cont.

D – DayD – Day              60 mile stretch of beach60 mile stretch of beach              156,000 troops156,000 troops              4,000 landing craft4,000 landing craft              600 warships600 warships              11,000 planes11,000 planes              Largest land-sea-air operation in historyLargest land-sea-air operation in history              Omaha beach known as one of the most Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areasbrutal areas

Normandy Invasion cont.Normandy Invasion cont.

The battle continuesThe battle continues

►   W/in 1 month, a million more troopsW/in 1 month, a million more troops

►   September 1944, allies victorious and France September 1944, allies victorious and France was freed from Nazi controlwas freed from Nazi control

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge

► December 16, 1944December 16, 1944

► German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front)front)

  ► Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture

AntwerpAntwerp  ► Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S.

military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols)by SS machine guns and pistols)

Battle of the Bulge Cont.Battle of the Bulge Cont.

►Germans were winning in the beginningGermans were winning in the beginning

►120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat))guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat))

  ►80,000 Americans died80,000 Americans died  ►Americans won, but were close to losingAmericans won, but were close to losing

Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

►Took place Took place February 1945 before WWII February 1945 before WWII was overwas over

►Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWIIpost WWII

►Set up United NationsSet up United Nations

V-E DayV-E Day

► May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

► General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third ReichReich

  ► V-E day = Victory in Europe dayV-E day = Victory in Europe day  ► 11stst part of War was over part of War was over  

Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea

► Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacificand taking over the Pacific

  ► May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from

invadinginvading  ► Japan won the actual battleJapan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop , but the allies were able to stop

Japan invasion for the first timeJapan invasion for the first time

► U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japan’s forcesweaken Japan’s forces

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

► June 1942June 1942

► Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese codecode

► U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called MidwayPacific island called Midway

► U.S. was successfulU.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway in the Battle of Midway

Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

►The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men, and planes, at least 4,800 men, and suffered heavy damage among the suffered heavy damage among the remaining vessels of their fleet. remaining vessels of their fleet.

►American losses included 1 carrier, the American losses included 1 carrier, the YorktownYorktown, a destroyer, about 150 , a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men planes, and 307 men

Stats about war in the Pacific Stats about war in the Pacific

►20.5 Average age of US Marines serving20.5 Average age of US Marines serving►40% US Casualties from Guadalcanal left 40% US Casualties from Guadalcanal left

with PTSwith PTS►9:1 ratio of Japanese to American deaths9:1 ratio of Japanese to American deaths►115 DEGREES!! Record temp in the 115 DEGREES!! Record temp in the

Pacific front Pacific front ►178,830 Americans struck with malaria in 178,830 Americans struck with malaria in

the Pacific theater 1942-1945the Pacific theater 1942-1945

August 1942 Guadacanal August 1942 Guadacanal

GuadacanalGuadacanal

►First large scale land invasion of the First large scale land invasion of the PacificPacific

►2/3 of Japanese troops killed (31,400)2/3 of Japanese troops killed (31,400)►US forces lose an est. 2000US forces lose an est. 2000►Fought on land and at seaFought on land and at sea►Conquered Feb. 1943Conquered Feb. 1943

**Midway and Guadacanal were the Midway and Guadacanal were the turning points in the Pacific Japan turning points in the Pacific Japan

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

► Island in the Pacific that was critical Island in the Pacific that was critical for for U.S. winU.S. win

►March 1945March 1945►27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima►U.S. wonU.S. won

26,800 Japanese troops died26,800 Japanese troops died 6,000 U.S. Marines died6,000 U.S. Marines died

Battle of OkinawaBattle of Okinawa

► June 22, 1945June 22, 1945

► Japan’s last defensive strongholdJapan’s last defensive stronghold

► Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacksJapan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks

► 110,000 Japanese troops died110,000 Japanese troops died

► 7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died

► U.S. wonU.S. won

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project

WatchWatch: : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=998tSBoa3lo

► Secret US mission to build an atomic bombSecret US mission to build an atomic bomb► 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic

bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasakibombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki► HiroshimaHiroshima

August 6, 1945August 6, 1945 ““Little Boy”Little Boy” In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dustIn 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust

► NagasakiNagasaki August 9, 1945August 9, 1945 ““Fat Man”Fat Man” Leveled half of the cityLeveled half of the city

V-J DayV-J Day

►August 15, 1945: Japan offers August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrenderunconditional surrender

►September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)in Japan Day (Formal surrender)

U.S. Occupation of JapanU.S. Occupation of Japan

►Similar trials held for Japanese war criminalsSimilar trials held for Japanese war criminals

►7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and 7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death (including Tojo)sentenced to death (including Tojo)

►U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the direction of General Douglas MacArthurdirection of General Douglas MacArthur Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and Called for a New Constitution (w/ free elections and

women suffrage)women suffrage) Introduced a free market economyIntroduced a free market economy