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COMPUTER HARDWARESERVICING NC II

Planning and Preparing forInstallation

Date Developed:June 14, 2013

Document No.

Issued by:P a g e 1 of 48

Developed by:Engr. Hanzel B. Metrio

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COMPETENCY-BASED CURRICULUM

Sector:

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYQualification:

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency:

INSTALL COMPUTER SYSTEM AND NETWORKS

Module Title:

Planning and Preparing for Installation

COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENTDivine Word College of Calapan City

Gov. Infantado St., Calapan City Or. Mindoro

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL (CBLM)

Welcome to the competency-based learning material for the module:Installing Computer System and Networks. This module contains training

materials and activities for you to accomplish.

The module Planning and Preparing for Installation, contains theknowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer Hardware Servicing NCLevel II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in orderto

complete each learning outcomes of the module. In each learningoutcome,there are reference materials or instructional sheets for further reading to

help you better understand the required activities. Follow the activities at yourown pace and answer the self-check at the end of each learning

outcome. If you have questions, please feel free to ask for theassistance of your trainer/facilitator.

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL)

You may have some or most of the knowledge and skills included in thislearners guide because you have:

Been working in the same industry for some time.

Already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in aparticular skill, you dont have to do the same training again.

If you feel that you have some skills, talk to your trainer abouthaving them formally recognized. If you have a qualification or

certificate of competence from previous trainings, show them to yourtrainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit ofcompetency, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. Ifyou are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with your

trainer.

A Trainee Record Book (TRB) is given to you to record importantdates,

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jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you inproviding

further details to your trainer/assessor. A Record ofAchievement/Progress

Chart is also provided to your trainer to complete/accomplish once you

havecompleted the module. This will show your own progress.

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC IICOMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Install computersystems and networks

Plan and Prepare forInstallation

ELC724318

2.Diagnose andtroubleshoot computersystems

Diagnosing andtroubleshoot computersystems

ELC724319

3.Configure computer

systems and networks

Configuring computer

systems and networksELC724320

4. Maintain computersystems and networks

Maintaining computersystems and networks

ELC724321

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MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Install Computer System andNetworksMODULE TITLE : Planning and Preparing for Installation

MODULE DESCRIPTOR

This unit covers the outcomes required in installing, assembling and testingcomputers and common peripherals.

NOMINAL DURATION :

LEARNING OUTCOME 1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR CONFIGURATION

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Configured computer systems and networks identified from theJob/Service Order or instructions.

2. Planned and prepared job requirements.3. Followed OHS policies and procedures of job requirements.4. Checked computer systems and networks configuration with specified

requirements.5. Checked necessary tools, equipment materials

CONTENTS:

Inspecting work instructions according to job requirements.

Planning and preparing of standard operating procedures

Occupational health and safety

Configuring system and networks

Procedures in using the tools and equipment

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CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

OH & S policies and procedures- OH & S policies- manuals

Computer systems and networks- 1 Server- Peripherals- 1 Desktop Computers

Materials- Wires and Cables- Appropriate Software- Computer Storage Media

Tools- Pliers

- Philips screw driver Equipment/testing devices

- Computer

Personal protective equipment- Anti-static wrist wrap

METHODOLOGIES:

Lecture-demonstration

Self-paced instruction

Group discussion

ASSESSMENT METHODS:

Hands-on application

Direct observation

Practical demonstration

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.1-1OHS Policies and Procedures

After reading the learner is encourageto answer self check 1.1-1

2. Answer Self-Check 1.1-1 Compare your answer to the answerkey 1.1-1.

3. Read Information Sheet 1.1-2BasicTerms, Concepts,Functions and Characteristics ofPC Hardware Components

After reading the learner is encourage

to perform the job sheet 1.1-2 andanswer Self Check 1.1-2

4. Answer Self-Check 1.1-2Compare your answer to the answerkey 1.1-2 and compare to performancechecklist 1.1-2

5. Read Information Sheet 1.1-3Structure of OperatingSystems


6. Answer Self-Check 1.1-3 Compare your answer to the answerkey 1.1-3

7. Read Information Sheet 1.1-4Computer components and

peripherals


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8. Answer Self-Check 1.1-4 Compare your answer to the answer

key 1.1-4

9. Read Information Sheet 1.1-5

System Configuration/Setting ofcomputer system and devices

After reading the learner is encourage

to answer self check 1.1-5

10. Answer Self-Check 1.1-5 Compare your answer to the answerkey 1.1-5

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-1OHS Policies and Procedures

Learning Objective:After reading this information sheet, you should be able to specify safety

procedures in installing computer systems and networks.

1. Identify the basic precautions and procedures in planning, preparing,installing and testing of computer hardware and software.

2. Determine the effects of computers to the people, health risk, and tothe environment.

Occupational Health and Safety Policy

Occupational health and safety is a cross-disciplinaryarea concernedwith protecting the safety,health and welfare of people engaged in work. Thegoal of all occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe workenvironment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, familymembers, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and othermembers of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may

involve interactions among many subject areas, including occupationalmedicine, occupational (or industrial) hygiene, public health, safetyengineering, chemistry, health physics.

Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to whenworking with any electrical device, including personal computers andperipherals. This is for the protection of not only the people working with

them, but also for the devices themselves. The basis for this process beginswith your Occupational Health and Safety Policies.

Personal Safety While Working Along With PCs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hygienehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hygienehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarity

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While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service thecomputer except as explained in this guide and elsewhere in product

documentation. Always follow the instructions closely.

Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be

injured or even killed if you dont follow proper safety guidelines when wo rkingalong PCs. The following are some precautionary measures to take beforeworking with any computer equipment:

Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following steps in thesequence indicated:

1. Turn offthe computer and all peripherals.

2. Touchan unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as themetal around the card-slot openings at the back of your computer, before

touching anything inside your computer.

3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets.Doing so reduces the potential for personal injury or shock. Alsodisconnect any telephone or telecommunication lines from the computer.

NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing acomponent from the system board, verify that the standby power light-emitting diode (LED) on the system board has turned off.

While you work, periodically touch an unpainted metal surface on thecomputer chassis to dissipate any static electricity that might harm internal

components.

In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safetyinstructions in your System Information Guide.

Additional Safety tips:

Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chanceof being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.

Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.

Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.

Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.

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Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down

properly. Do not turn it off with the case switch.

Dont eat or drinks while working.

SELF CHECK 1.1-1

Instructions: Give at least 10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies

and procedures in CHS.

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ANSWER KEYSELF-CHECK 1.1-1

1. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical outlets.

2.Touch an unpainted metal surface on the computer chassis, such as themetal around the card-slot openings at the back of your computer, before

touching anything inside your computer.3.Turn off the computer and all peripherals.4. Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance

of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.5. Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.6. Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.7. Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.8. Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.9. When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down

properly. Do not turn it off with the case switch.

10. Wear anti-static materials.

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2Basic Terms, Concepts, Functions and Characteristics of PC

Hardware Components

Learning Objective:After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to

determine basic terms, concepts, functions and characteristics of PC hardwarecomponents.

TYPES OF COMPUTER

WorkstationA workstation is a high-end personal computer

designed for technical or scientific applications.Intended primarily to be used by one person at atime, they are commonly connected to a local areanetwork and run multi-user operating systems.

Desktop computer

Desktop computers come in a variety of styles rangingfrom large vertical tower cases to small form factormodels that can be tucked behind an LCD monitor. In

this sense, the term 'desktop' refers specifically to ahorizontally-oriented case, usually intended to havethe display screen placed on top to save space on thedesk top. Most modern desktop computers haveseparate screens and keyboards.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desktop_personal_computer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desktop_personal_computer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desktop_personal_computer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_form_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desktop_personal_computer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPARCstation_1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desktop_personal_computer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPARCstation_1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_form_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network

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Single unit

Single unit PCs (also known as all-in-one PCs) is a subtype of desktopcomputers, which combine the monitor and case of the computer within a

single unit.

NettopA subtype of desktops, called nettops, was introduced by Intel in

February 2008 to describe low-cost, lean-function, desktop computers.

Laptop

A laptop computer or simplylaptop, alsocalled a notebook computer or sometimes a

notebook, is a small personal computerdesigned for portability.

NetbookNetbooks (also called mini notebooks orsubnotebooks) are a rapidly evolving category ofsmall, light and inexpensive laptop computers

suited for general computing and accessing web-based applications; they are often marketed as"companion devices," that is, to augment a user'sother computer access.

Tablet PCA tablet PC is a notebook or slate-shaped mobile

computer, first introduced byPen computing in the early90s with their PenGo Tablet Computer and popularized

by Microsoft. Its touchscreen or graphics tablet/screenhybrid technology allows the user to operate the

computer with a stylus or digital pen, or a fingertip,instead of a keyboard or mouse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettop_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netbookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnotebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tablet/screen_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tablet/screen_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HP_2133_Mini-Note_PC_(front_view_compare_with_pencil).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tablet/screen_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_tablet/screen_hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnotebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netbookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettop_(computer)

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Ultra-Mobile PCThe ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a specification for

a small form factor oftablet PCs. It was developedas a joint development exercise by Microsoft,

Intel, and Samsung, among others. Current

UMPCs typically feature the Windows XP,Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Linux operatingsystem and low-voltage Intel Atom or VIA C7-Mprocessors.

Home theater PC

A home theater PC (HTPC) is aconvergence device that combines the functionsof a personal computer and a digital video

recorder. It is connected to a television or atelevision-sized computer display and is oftenused as a digital photo, music, video player, TVreceiver and digital video recorder.

Pocket PC

A pocket PC is a hardware specification for a handheld-sizedcomputer (personal digital assistant) that runs the Microsoft

Windows Mobile operating system. It may have the capability torun an alternative operating system like NetBSD or Linux. Ithas many of the capabilities of modern desktop PCs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_form_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_C7-Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_C7-Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_form_factor

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HARDWARE

An exploded view of a modern personal computer and peripherals:

1. Scanner2. CPU (Microprocessor)

3. Primary storage (RAM)4. Expansion cards (graphics cards, etc.)5. Power supply6. Optical disc drive7. Secondary storage (Hard disk)8. Motherboard9. Speakers

10.Monitor11.System software12.Application software13.Keyboard14.Mouse15.External hard disk16.Printer
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Computer caseA computer case is the enclosure that contains

the main components of a computer. Cases areusually constructed from steel or aluminum,

although other materials such as wood and

plastic have been used.

ProcessorThe central processing unit, or CPU, is that part

of a computer which executes software programinstructions.

MotherboardThe motherboard, also referred to as systemboard or main board, is the primary circuitboard within a personal computer.

Main memoryA PC's main memory is fast storage that isdirectly accessible by the CPU, and is used tostore the currently executing program and

immediately needed data.

Hard diskMass storage devices store programs and data even

when the power is off; they do require power to performread and write functions during usage. Although flash

memory has dropped in cost, the prevailing form ofmass storage in personal computers is still the harddisk.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DDRSDRAM400-1GB.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asus_a8n_VMCSM02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMD_64X2_Dual-Core.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stripped-computer-case.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DDRSDRAM400-1GB.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asus_a8n_VMCSM02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMD_64X2_Dual-Core.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stripped-computer-case.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DDRSDRAM400-1GB.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asus_a8n_VMCSM02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMD_64X2_Dual-Core.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stripped-computer-case.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DDRSDRAM400-1GB.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asus_a8n_VMCSM02.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMD_64X2_Dual-Core.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stripped-computer-case.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

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Video cardThe video card - otherwise called a graphics

card, graphics adapter or video adapter -processes and renders the graphics output

from the computer to the computer display,

and is an essential part of the moderncomputer.

Visual display unitA visual display unit (or monitor) is a piece ofelectrical equipment, usually separate from thecomputer case, which displays viewable imagesgenerated by a computer without producing apermanent record.

Keyboard

In computing, a keyboard is an arrangement ofbuttons that each correspond to a function,letter, or number.

Mouse

A Mouse on a computer is a small, sliding device thatusers hold and slide around to point at, click on, and

sometimes drag objects on screen in a graphical userinterface using a pointer on screen.

Other components

Mass storage

All computers require either fixed or removable storage for their operatingsystem, programs and user generated material. Formerly the 5 inch and 3

inch floppy drive were the principal forms of removable storage for backup ofuser files and distribution of software.

As memory sizes increased, the capacity of the floppy did not keep pace;
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the Zip drive and other higher-capacity removable media were introduced butnever became as prevalent as the floppy drive.

By the late 1990s the optical drive, in CD and later DVD and Blu-ray

Disc, became the main method for software distribution, and writeable media

provided backup and file interchange. Floppy drives have become uncommonin desktop personal computers since about 2000, and were dropped frommany laptop systems even earlier.

Early home computers used compact audio cassettes for file storage;these were at the time a very low cost storage solution, but were displaced byfloppydisk drives when manufacturing costs dropped, by the mid 1980s.

A second generation of tape recorders was provided when Video cassetterecorders were pressed into service as backup media for larger disk drives. All

these systems were less reliable and slower than purpose-built magnetic

tape drives. Such tape drives were uncommon in consumer-type personalcomputers but were a necessity in business or industrial use.

Interchange of data such as photographs from digital cameras is greatly

expedited by installation of a card reader, which often is compatiblewith several forms of flash memory. It is usually faster and more convenient tomove large amounts of data by removing the card from the mobile device,instead of communicating with the mobile device through a USB interface.

A USB flash drive today performs much of the data transfer and backupfunctions formerly done with floppy drives, Zip disks and other devices. Main-

stream current operating systems for personal computers providestandard support for flash drives, allowing interchange even betweencomputers using different processors and operating systems. The compactsize and lack of moving parts or dirt-sensitive media, combined with low costfor high capacity, have made flash drives a popular and useful accessoryfor any personal computer user.

The operating system (e.g.: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux or manyothers) can be located on any storage, but typically it is on a hard disks. A Live

CD is the running of a OS directly from a CD. While this is slow comparedto storing the OS on a hard drive, it is typically used for installation of

operating systems, demonstrations, system recovery, or other specialpurposes. Large flash memory is currently more expensive than hard drives ofsimilar size (as of mid-2008) but are starting to appear in laptop computers

because of their low weight, small size and low power requirements.

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Computer communications

Internal modem card

Modem

Network adapter card

Router

Common peripherals and adapter cards Headset

Joystick

Microphone

Printer

Scanner

Sound adapter card as a separate card rather than located on the

motherboard

Speakers

Webcam

LAN Card is a network interface card. This is acomputer circuit board or card that is installed in acomputer so that it can be connected to a network.

Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a devicethat allows a given computer to share data or otherwise adevice which let computers exchange information

USB Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick,scanner, printer and telephony devices

Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustrationprinted on paper, translates the information into a form that acomputer can use.

Printer - it is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy(also known as hardcopy) of the information generated bythe computer.

RAM Random Access Memory, is a primary memory. Thismemory is used inside the computer to hold programs anddata while it is running.

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BIOS Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basicfunctions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.

Flash driveRAM that can retain data without electrical power. It

is widely used for BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital

music storage.

Video Camera - camera using videotape: a camera thatrecords onto videotape

SELF CHECK 1.1-2

A. Multiple ChoiceInstructions: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separate sheetof paper in answering.

1. It is a high end personal computer designed for technical or scientific applications.Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonlyconnected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.A. Work StationB. NettopC. LaptopD. Tablet PC

2. It is a small personal computer designed for portability. Usually all of the interfacehardware needed to operate this computer, such as USB ports (previouslyparalleland serial ports), graphics card, sound channel, etc., are built in to a single unit.A. Work StationB. Nettop

C. LaptopD. Tablet PC

3. It is a convergence device that combines the functions of a personal computer and adigital video recorder.A. Work StationB. Home theater PCC. LaptopD. Tablet PC

4. It is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (personal digitalassistant) that runs the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system.A. Work StationB. Home theater PC

C. LaptopD. Pocket PC

5. It is also called mini notebooks or subnotebooks and are a rapidly evolving categoryof small, light and inexpensive laptop computers suited for general computing andaccessing web-based applications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnotebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnotebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_video_recorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network

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A. NetbookB. Home theater PCC. Work StationD. Pocket PC

6. It is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer.A. Mother Board

B. Computer CaseC. ProcessorD. Hard Disk

7. It is the part of a computer which executes software program instructions.A. Mother BoardB. CPUC. ProcessorD. Hard Disk

8. It is also referred to as systemboard or mainboard, and is the primarycircuit boardwithin a personal computer.A. Mother BoardB. CPUC. ProcessorD. Hard Disk

9. It processes and renders the graphics output from the computer to the computerdisplay.A. MemoryB. CPUC. Video cardD. Hard Disk

10. It is a piece ofelectrical equipment, usually separate from the computer case,which displays viewable images generated by a computer without producing apermanent record.

A. MemoryB. CPUC. PrinterD. Monitor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

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Answer KeySelf-Check 1.1-2

Multiple Choice

1. A

2. C3. B

4. D5. A6. B

7. B8. A9. C10.D

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JOB SHEET 1.1-2

Title: PC Hardware Components

Performance Objective: The Goal of this lab is to examine yourcomputer to identify the parts inside and outside

the case. After completing this lab, you will beable to:

Supplies/Materials :

1. A computer that can be disassembled2. A Phillips-head screwdriver

3. An antistatic ground bracelet (wrist strap)

Equipment : Computer Set

Steps/Procedure:1. Open system case

a. Unplugged the power source and all the cables connectedat the back of your computer

b. Prepare Grounding Protection

c. Release lever or screws to take the covers off.d. Disconnect all wires from the motherboard leading to the

power supply, switches, hard drives, CD/DVD/Blue-ray/Floppy drives, front USB and fan cables.

2. list all the internal and external components of your computerincluding:

a. Manufacturerb. Specification (size and speed)

3. Return the parts to its original place.

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-2

CRITERIAYES NO

1. Is the (Occupational Health and Safety Observeat all time?

2. Is the trainee disassemble computer system unit?

3. Is the trainee correctly identify the internal

computer components?

4. Is the trainee correctly identify the externalcomputer components?

5. Is the trainee identify the manufacturer and

specification of the components?

6. Is the computer parts and peripherals are placeproperly installed?

7. Is the trainee Assemble computer system unit?

8. Is trainee perform the operations at a given time?

Comments/ Suggestions:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment Method:Actual assessment.

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3Structure of Operating Systems

Learning Objective:After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to

1. Familiarize the structure of operating system2. Identify the structure of operating system

3. Enumerate the structure of operating system4. Appreciate the structure of operating system

SOFTWARE

Ascreenshotof theOpenOffice.org Writersoftware

Computer software is a general term used to describe a collection ofcomputer programs,procedures and documentation that perform some taskson a computer system. The term includes application software such as wordprocessors which perform productive tasks for users, system software such as
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenshothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenOffice.org_Writer.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenshot

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operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessaryservices for application software, and middleware which controls and co-

ordinates distributed systems.

Operating system

An operating system (OS) manages computer resources and providesprogrammers with an interface used to access those resources.

Microsoft Windows

Windows 7, the latest clientversion in the Microsoft Windowsline

Microsoft Windows is thecollective brand name of severalsoftware operating systems by

Microsoft. Microsoft first introducedan operating environment namedWindows in November 1985 as anadd-on to MS-DOS in response to thegrowing interest in graphical userinterfaces (GUIs). The most recent

client version of Windows is Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 whichwas available at retail on October 22, 2009.

Mac OS X

Mac OS XSnow Leopard desktopMac OS X is a line of graphical

operating systems developed, marketed,and sold byApple Inc.. Mac OS X is thesuccessor to the original Mac OS, whichhad been Apple's primary operatingsystem since 1984. Unlike itspredecessors, Mac OS X is a Unix-based graphical operating system.Linux

A Linux distribution (Kubuntu)running the KDE 4 desktopenvironment

Linux is a family of Unix-likecomputer operating systems. Linux is one
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubuntuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snow_Leopard_Desktop.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windows_7.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDE_4.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snow_Leopard_Desktop.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windows_7.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-likehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubuntuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distributionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

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of the most prominent examples offree software and open source development:typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and

redistributed by anyone.The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel,started in 1991 byLinus Torvalds.

Applications

GIMPraster graphics editorA computer user will apply

application software to carry out aspecific task. System softwaresupports applications and providescommon services such as memorymanagement, network connectivity, ordevice drivers; all of which may beused by applications but which are not directly of interest to the end user.

Software applicationsSoftware - is the programs and data that a computer uses.

Network OS SoftwareNetwork-are multiple computers linked together to make simultaneousinformation sharing and exchange by multiple users.

Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio DevicesAwindows XP Control Panel applet, called Sounds, and Multimedia inWindows 2000, for configuring the systems sound card.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gimp-gnome-2.2.8.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software

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SELF CHECK 1.1-3

Instructions: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separatesheet of paper in answering.

1. It is a general term used to describe a collection ofcomputer programs,procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computersystem.A. HardwareB. SoftwareC. Utility

D. Application2. It manages computer resources and provides programmers with an interface

used to access those resources.A. Operating SystemB. Software

C. UtilityD. Application

3. It is one of the most prominent examples offree software and open sourcedevelopment operating system.A. LinuxB. Software

C. UtilityD. Application

4. It is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold byApple Inc..A. Linux

B. Mac OS XC. WindowsD. Application

5. It is the collective brand name of several software operating systems byMicrosoft.A. LinuxB. Mac OS XC. WindowsD. Application
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program

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1. B

2. A

3. A

4. B

5.C

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4Components and Peripherals

Learning Objective:After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to be

familiar with the various computer components and peripherals systemconfiguration/settings of computer systems and devices.

IntroductionA modern PC is both simple and complicated. It is simple in the sense

that over the years, many of the components used to construct a system have

become integrated with other components into fewer and fewer actual parts. Itis complicated in the sense that each part in a modern system performs manymore functions than did the same types of parts in older systems.

This section briefly examines all the components and peripherals in a

modern PC system.

Component Description

Motherboard The motherboard is the core of the system. It really is thePC; everything else is connected to it, and it controlseverything in the system.

Processor The processor is often thought of as the "engine" of thecomputer. It's also called the CPU (central processing unit).

Memory(RAM)

The system memory is often called RAM (for random accessmemory). This is the primary memory, which holds all the

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programs and data the processor is using at a given time.

Case/chassis The case is the frame or chassis that houses themotherboard, power supply, disk drives, adapter cards, andany other physical components in the system.

Powersupply

The power supply feeds electrical power to every single partin the PC.

Floppy drive The floppy drive is a simple, inexpensive, low-capacity,removable-media, magnetic-storage device. Many recentsystems use other types of removable magnetic or USB-based flash memory devices instead of floppy drives forremovable storage.

Hard drive The hard disk is the primary archival storage memory forthe system.

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CD or DVDdrive

CD (compact disc) and DVD (digital versatile disc) drives arerelatively high-capacity, removable media, drive opticaldrives; many recent systems include a rewriteable CD (CD-RW) along with or combined with a DVD-ROM drive.

Keyboard The keyboard is the primary device on a PC that is used bya human to communicate with and control a system.

Mouse Although many types of pointing devices are on the markettoday, the first and most popular device for this purpose isthe mouse.

Video card The video card controls the information you see on themonitor.

Sound card It enables the PC to generate complex sounds.

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Network/Modem

Most prebuilt PCs ship with a network interface andpossibly a modem.

SELF CHECK 1.1-4Matching Type

Identify the Name of the Components by Matching Column A toColumn B

Column A Column B

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1.

a) Motherboard

2.

b) Monitor

3.

c) Video Card

4.

d) Sound Card

5.

e) LAN Card

ANSWER KEY #1.1-4Matching Type

1. e2. d3. a4. c

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5. b

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-5System Configuration/Settings of Computer Systems and Devices

Learning Objective:After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to be able

to:

1. Familiarize system configuration/setting of computer and devices.

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2. Follow the steps in system configuration/settings of computersystem and devices.

3. Appreciate system configuration / settings of computer system anddevices.

System Configuration

System Configuration Utility Overview

The System Configuration utility automates the routine troubleshootingsteps that Microsoft Customer Support Services professionals use when theydiagnose system configuration issues. When you use this utility to modify the

system configuration, you can select check boxes to eliminate issues that donot apply to your configuration. This process reduces the risk of typing errors

that you may make when you use any text editor, such as Notepad. You mustbe logged on as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group

to use the System Configuration utility.

When you use the System Configuration utility, you can easily reset orchange the configuration settings in Windows to include preferences for thefollowing files and settings:

The System.ini file

The Win.ini file

The Boot.ini file

Programs that are set to load during the startup process (these programsare specified in the Startup folder and in the registry)

Environment settings

International settingsThere are two methods for troubleshooting configuration issues by using

the System Configuration utility. Read each method carefully to understandthe consequences of each method.

Method 1: Diagnostic and Selection startup modes

Diagnostic startupDiagnostic startup enables Windows to determine the basic device drivers

and software to load when you start Windows. When you use this method, the

system temporarily disables Microsoft services such as Networking, Plug andPlay, Event Logging, and Error Reporting.

Also, you permanently delete all restore points for the System Restoreutility.

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Note Do not use this method if you want to save your restore points for SystemRestore or if you must use a Microsoft service to test a problem.

To perform a diagnostic startup, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.

2. On the General tab, click Diagnostic Startup, and then click OK.3. Restart your computer.

If the problem does not occur, use Selective startup mode to try to find theproblem by turning individual services and startup programs on or off.

Selective startupSelective startup enables you to select the files and the settings that you

want the computer to load when you restart the computer. Select from thefollowing options:

Process System.ini File

Process Win.ini file

Load System Services Load Startup ItemsBy default, no options are selected. The following actions apply to these

options:

When you select the check box, the configuration file is processed whenyou restart the computer.

When you clear the check box, the configuration file is not processedwhen you restart the computer.

When the check box is selected, and you cannot select the check box

because it appears dimmed, some items are still loading from thatconfiguration file when you restart the computer.

When the check box is not selected, and you cannot select the check boxbecause it appears dimmed, the configuration file is not present on thecomputer.

You cannot change the Use Original BOOT.INI option button.

Note: When you clear the Load System Services check box, you disableMicrosoft services such as Networking, Plug and Play, Event Logging, and ErrorReporting. You also permanently delete all restore points for the SystemRestore utility.

Do not clear this check box if you want to keep your restore points forSystem Restore, or if you have to use a Microsoft service to test a problem.

To perform a selective startup, follow these steps:1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.2. On the General tab, click Selective Startup.3. Select or clear the available settings.

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4. Click OK.5. Restart your computer.

6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 until you find the problem.Change individual file settings

If you know the different settings in each configuration file, you can enable

or disable individual settings in the file that has the tab for that file in theSystem Configuration utility. To prevent individual items in a configuration filefrom loading when you restart your computer, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.2. Click a tab: System.ini, Win.ini, Boot.ini, Services, or Startup.3. Select or clear the available settings.4. Click OK.5. Restart your computer.6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 until you find the problem.

System.ini and Win.ini optionsThe SYSTEM.INI and WIN.INI tabs in the System Configuration utility have

the following options: Check boxes enable you to enable or to disable an option. To enable an

option so that it loads at startup, select the check box or select theoption, and then click the Select button. To disable an option so that itdoes not load at startup, clear the check box or select the option, andthen click the Disable button.

Move Up and Move Down buttons enable you to move through thedifferent options when you do not have a mouse.

The New button enables you to create a new entry in the System.ini or inthe Win.ini file. Click the button, and type your entry.

The Edit button enables you to edit an existing line in the System.ini or

in the Win.ini file. Click the button, and edit the line.When a check box is unavailable on the SYSTEM.INI and WIN.INI tabs, the

System Configuration utility temporarily removed the lines.

Note: When you click to clear a check box for an item or a line, the SelectiveStartup option on the General tab is automatically selected.Manually extract a file

If you have to fix a corrupted file, extract the individual Windows file fromthe CAB files. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.2. On the General tab, click Expand File.

3. In the File to restore box, type the name of the file that you want torestore.

4. In the Restore from box, type the path of the Windows XP .cab file fromwhich you want to restore the file. Or, click Browse From to locate theWindows XP .cab file.

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Note: The Windows XP .cab files are stored in the I386 folder on theWindows XP installation CD.

5. In the Save file in box, type the path of the folder to which you want toextract the new file. Or, click Browse To to locate the folder that youwant.

6. Click Expand.7. In the System Configuration Utility dialog box, click OK. If you are

prompted to restart the computer, click Restart.

Return to normal startupAfter you complete your troubleshooting and fix your configuration, return

to a normal startup. Follow these steps:1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.2. On the General tab, click Normal startup.3. Click OK.4. Restart your computer.

Method 2: System restoreYou can use the System Configuration utility to perform a system restore.

There are three possible restore points:

System checkpoints that Windows schedules

Manual restore points that you specify with the System Configurationutility

Installation restore points that occur before you install a program or aservice

You can use the system checkpoints or the installation restore points to restoreyour computer's settings to a date when it operated correctly. This may also

help determine the cause of the configuration error.

To perform a system restore, follow these steps:1. Click Start, click Run, type msconfig, and then click OK.2. On the General tab, click Launch System Restore.3. Select Restore my computer to an earlier time, and then click Next.4. Calendar dates in bold are possible restore points. Click the most recent

one to view system restore information.5. Select a system checkpoint or an installation restore point, and then

click Next.6. Close all other programs.

7.To start the system restore, click Next.8. Your computer restarts.9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 until you fix your configuration issue.

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Assigning Resources to Devices

Many devices have fixed resource assignments that cannot be changed.Most system devices are like this. In addition, it is generally best not to change

(or try to change) the resource settings for standard devices like IDE hard disk

controllers unless you both really know what you are doing and there is acompelling reason to change them. The following devices usually have hard-coded resource settings that cannot be changed: system devices, keyboard,PS/2 mouse, floppy disk controller, primary IDE controller, video card. Otherscan generally be changed, although it makes more sense for some devices thanfor others.

There are several different ways that are generally used to set or change

resource settings for devices:

Hardware Settings: Resource assignments on some cards, especially

older ones, is done by hardware on the device itself. This involveschanging the settings of jumpers and switches, usually on the circuitboard of the device, to tell it what resources to use.

Software Configuration Programs: Many newer cards are configuredusing special software config programs that come with them.

Plug and Play: Newer devices that subscribe to the Plug and Playstandards can be automatically configured under certain conditionswhen used in a machine that supports Plug and Play, with an operatingsystem that supports it. Plug and Play is an attempt to eliminate thelarge amount of work in assigning resources to devices and resolving

conflicts.

Tip: It is always a good idea, once you have your system configured in away that makes sense and works for you, to record the systemconfiguration for future reference

Resource Conflicts and Conflict Resolution

As discussed in several other areas of this section, one of the majorissues with system resources is configuring your system's devices so that theydon't interfere with each other. When more than one device attempts to use the

same resource, the result is a resource conflict.

The Nature of Resource Conflicts

Resource conflicts can manifest themselves in several different ways. Someconflicts can be very easy to recognize; others can be extremely difficult to find
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and correct, because they manifest themselves indirectly, or through symptomsthat may not seem to have anything to do with the device causing the problem.

Here are some of the ways that resource conflicts manifest themselves. Some ofthese may be consistent and repeatable, while others may be intermittent:

System hangs or lockups, particularly while using a peripheral device. (Memory) parity errors on parity-enabled systems.

Noise or other problems from sound cards.

Junk being printed on your printer.

The mouse pointer hanging and refusing to move, or moving in astuttering fashion.

Errors and crashes of applications for no apparent reason.

As you can see, some of these obviously point to a resource problem, butmany do not. For example, system crashes can be caused by many non-resource-related factors. If your mouse works until you try to use your modem,

well, you can probably figure out what the problem is, or at least where to startlooking. In general, if you just added a new peripheral to your PC and aresource conflict is indicated, the new device is almost certainly involvedsomehow.

Resource Conflict Resolution

If you suspect a resource conflict in your PC, you of course need to resolvethis conflict. This can be easy to do if you know where to start looking, or veryhard if you do not. There are some general steps that can be followed to fix thissort of problem. In very brief terms the steps are:

Determine what all the devices in the system are using for resources.

Identify the conflicting devices.

Change the resource settings on one or more of the devices so they areno longer conflicting.

Using the Windows XP Control Panel

The Control Panel in Windows XP is where many of your administrativeand configuration tools are located. Other versions of Windows have a Control

Panel as well but we will focus on Windows XP since that is what the majorityof Windows users use. To get to the Control Panel click on Start and thenControl Panel or Start, Settings, Control Panel depending on what Start Menuyou are using.

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Now we will go over the functions of the various Control Panel icons soyou can get an idea of what they are for and how you can use them to improve

your Windows experience.

Accessibility Options - Here you can change settings for your keyboard,

mouse, display and sound.

Add Hardware - This will open the Add Hardware Wizard which willsearch your computer for new hardware that you have installed whenWindows does not recognize it on its own.

Add or Remove Programs - If you need to install or uninstall anysoftware on your computer, this is where you will do it. You shouldalways uninstall software rather than delete it from your hard drive.

Administrative Tools - This section of your Control Panel is used for

administrative functions such as managing your computer, monitoringperformance, editing your security policy and administering yourcomputer's services.

Automatic Updates - Here is where you tell Windows how and when toupdate itself. You can control whether or not it downloads updatesautomatically or at all and when you want them installed or to ask youbefore installing them.

Bluetooth Devices - If you are using any Bluetooth devices on yourcomputer here is where you can add, remove and manage them.

Date and Time - This one explains itself. You can set your computer'sdate, time and regional settings here.

Display - The display settings allow you to change the way things appearon the screen. You can adjust items like the screen resolution and colordepth. Here is where you can select your background wallpaper andsetup your screensaver.

Folder Options - This is where you can adjust the way you view yourfiles and folders from within My Computer or Windows Explorer.

Fonts - The Fonts applet allows you to add, remove and manage fonts onyour computer. It will show you what fonts are installed in your system.

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Game Controllers - If you use a joystick, steering wheel or any othertype of game controller you can use this section to add, remove and

troubleshoot the devices.

Internet Options - If you use Internet Explorer for your web browser you

will go here to change settings such for history, connections and securityamong other things.

Keyboard - Here you can adjust settings such as how fast the keyboardwill repeat a character when a key is held down and the cursor blinkrate.

Mail - The Mail applet lets you adjust your properties for your Outlook orExchange email settings.

Mouse - Here you can adjust your mouse setting for features such as

double click speed, button assignment and scrolling. You can alsochange your mouse pointers and effects as well as view details aboutyour mouse.

Network Connections - This item is where you can check and adjustyour network connection settings. It will take you to the same place as ifyou were to right click My Network Places and choose properties. It willshow all of your active network, dialup and wireless connections. There

is also a New Connection Wizard to help you setup a new connection.

Phone and Modem Options - If you have a modem installed on your

system and uses it for dialup connections or faxing you can change thesettings here. The Dialing Rules tab allows you to change settings forthings such as dialing a number to get an outside line and setting upcarrier codes for long distance and using calling cards. The Modems taballows you to add, remove and changed the properties for installedmodems. The Advanced tab is for setting up telephony providers.

Power Options - Here is where you adjust the power settings of yourcomputer. Windows has built in power schemes for different settingssuch as when to turn off the monitor or hard drives and when to go intostandby mode. You can even create your own schemes and save them.

The advanced tab allows you to assign a password to bring the computerout of standby and tell the computer what to do when the power or sleepbuttons are pressed. If you want to enable hibernation or configure anattached UPS then you can do it here as well. This area can also beaccessed from the display properties settings under the Screensaver tab.

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Printers and Faxes - This area is where your printers are installed andwhere you would go to manage their settings. It's the same area that is

off of the Start menu. There is an add printer wizard which makes it easyto install new printers. To manage a printer you would simply right click

it and select properties.

Regional and Language Options - If you need to have multiplelanguages or formats for currency, date and time you can manage themhere.

Scanners and Cameras - Windows provides a central place to manageyour attached scanners and camera and adjust their settings. There iseven a wizard to add new devices to make the process of installing a

scanner or camera easier.

Scheduled Tasks - This item provides the ability for you to schedule

certain programs to run at certain times of the day. For example if youhave a batch file you want to run every night you can set it up here. Youcan also have it run a program at any scheduled interval you choose.There is a handy wizard to help you through the process.

Security Center - The Windows Security Center checks the status ofyour computer for the stats of your firewall, virus protection andautomatic updates. A firewall helps protect your computer by preventingunauthorized users from gaining access to it through a network or theInternet. Antivirus software can help protect your computer againstviruses and other security threats. With Automatic Updates, Windows

can routinely check for the latest important updates for your computerand install them automatically.

Sounds and Devices - Here is where you can adjust your sound andspeaker settings. The Volume tab has settings to mute your system, havea volume icon placed in the taskbar and tell your computer what type ofspeakers you are using such as a 5.1 system. The sounds tab lets youadjust what sounds occur for what windows events. If you need tochange what device is used for playback and recording you can do itunder the Audio tab. Voice playback and recording settings are under

the Voice tab. To troubleshoot your sound device you can use the

Hardware tab. This is where you can get information about yourparticular sound device.

Speech Properties - Windows has a feature for text to speech translationwhere the computer will read text from documents using a computer
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voice that you can hear through your speakers. The type of voice andspeed of the speech can be adjusted here.

System - If you have ever right clicked My Computer and selectedProperties then you have used the System feature of Control Panel. This

area gives you information about your computer's configuration, nameand network status. You can click on the Hardware tab to view detailsabout hardware profiles and driver signing as well as get to DeviceManager. The Advanced tab lets you change settings for virtual memory(page files) and other performance settings. There is also an area tochange startup and recovery settings if needed. If you want to enableremote access to your computer for Remote Desktop or RemoteAssistance you can enable it here.

Taskbar and Start Menu - This is where you change the setting for yourtaskbar and Start menu..

User Accounts - If you need to manage your local computer users thenhere is where you need to go. You can add remove users and change theaccount types for users who log into your system.

Windows Firewall - This is the same firewall setting described in theWindows Security Center section.

Wireless Network Setup Wizard - This wizard is used to help you setupa security enabled wireless network in which all of your computer anddevices connect through a wireless access point.

SELF CHECK 1.1-5
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Instructions: Choose the best answer of the given choices. Use a separatesheet of paper in answering.

1. Starts Windows in the usual manner.

A. Normal StartupB. Diagnostic startupC. Selective startupD. Safe Mode

2. Starts Windows with basic services and drivers only. This mode can helprule out basic Windows files as the problem.

A. Normal StartupB. Diagnostic startupC. Selective startupD. Safe Mode

3. Starts Windows with basic services and drivers and the other services and

startup programs that you select.A. Normal StartupB. Diagnostic startupC. Selective startup

D. Safe Mode4. Here you can change settings for your keyboard, mouse, display and sound.

A. Accessibility OptionsB. Add or Remove ProgramsC. Administrative Tools

D. Folder Options5. You can set your computer's date, time and regional settings here.

A. Accessibility OptionsB. Add or Remove ProgramsC. Date and TimeD. Folder Options

6. Here is where you adjust the power settings of your computer.A. Power OptionsB. Add or Remove ProgramsC. Date and TimeD. Folder Options

7. This item provides the ability for you to schedule certain programs to run atcertain times of the day.

A Scanners and CamerasB. Add or Remove ProgramsC. Date and Time

D. Scheduled Tasks

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8. This area gives you information about your computer's configuration, nameand network status.

A. SystemB. Add or Remove Programs

C. Date and Time

D. Scheduled Tasks9. If you need to manage your local computer users then here is where youneed to go.

A. SystemB. Add or Remove ProgramsC. User AccountsD. Scheduled Tasks

10. This area is where your printers are installed and where you would go tomanage their settings.

A. Printers and Faxes

B. Add or Remove Programs

C. User AccountsD. Scheduled Tasks

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1. A2. B

3. C4. A5. C6. A7. D8. A9. C10.A

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References

1.http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htm 2.www.cengageasia.com3.www.wikipedia.com
http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htmhttp://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htmhttp://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htmhttp://www.cengageasia.com/http://www.cengageasia.com/http://www.cengageasia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.cengageasia.com/http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/OHS/default.htm

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