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8/6/2019 Ccnet Lec 03 Protocol Architecture
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LectureLecture
0303Computer CommunicationsComputer Communications& Networks& Networks
Communication Protocol ArchitectureCommunication Protocol Architecture
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[email protected]
Networking Protocols:Networking Protocols:
Set of rules, that govern the communicationbetween devices
These rules dictates the actual implementation of
communication tasks
Usually implemented as software modules residing
in OS, NIC, networking devices, etc.
When data is ready to transmit, these software are
executedThese prepare the data for transmission
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Protocol Architecture:Protocol Architecture:
We have to perform a lot of communication tasksImplementing all these tasks in a single module will
make the implementation much complex
Need to divide these complex tasks into simpler
modules
Individual modules should be independent enough
from each other
Each module is implemented as a separate layer inthe architecture
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Protocol models:Protocol models:
Initially each vendor developed its own protocols:Novel network protocolsDECnet
IBMs NetBIOS
These were proprietary protocolsA device using one vendors protocol was not ableto communicate with the device using othervendors protocol
There was a need to develop some standardprotocols:
OSI Reference Model
TCP / IP Protocol Suite
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Layered Architecture:Layered Architecture:
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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model
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OSI Reference Model:OSI Reference Model:
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)Developed by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland
Seven layers architecture
Each layer performs a subset of the required
communication functions
Each layer provides services to the next higher
layerChanges in one layer should not require changes inother layers
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OSI Reference Model: contOSI Reference Model: cont
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Layers & Headers:Layers & Headers:
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Layers & Headers: contLayers & Headers: cont
PDU = Protocol Data Unit
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Why layered architecture?Why layered architecture?
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Application Layer:Application Layer:
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Presentation Layer:Presentation Layer:
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Session Layer:Session Layer:
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Transport Layer:Transport Layer:
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Network Layer:Network Layer:
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Data Link Layer:Data Link Layer:
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Physical Layer:Physical Layer:
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TCP / IP Protocol SuiteTCP / IP Protocol Suite
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TCP / IP Protocol Suite:TCP / IP Protocol Suite:
Developed by IAB & IETFIAB = Internet Architecture Board
IETF = Internet Engineering Task Force
Evolved from US DoD project ARPANETARPANET = Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork
Stack can be divide into 4 or 5 layers
Most popular network protocol modelBasis of Internet
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TCP/IP Development Timeline:TCP/IP Development Timeline:
BSD = Berkley Software Distribution
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TCP / IP Protocol Suite: contTCP / IP Protocol Suite: cont
HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolFTP = File Transfer Protocol
SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
DNS = Domain Name Service
SNMP = Simple Network Management
Protocol
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
UDP = User Datagram Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol
ICMP = Internet Control Message
IGMP = Internet Group Management
ARP = Address Resolution ProtocolRARP = Reverse ARP
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Communication over TCP/IP:Communication over TCP/IP:
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Communication over TCP/IP: cont...Communication over TCP/IP: cont...
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Encapsulation & Protocol Headers:Encapsulation & Protocol Headers:
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Standards Organizations:Standards Organizations:
Famous organizations that define network/communication standards are:
ISOInternational Standardization Organization
IETFInternet Engineering Task Force
IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
ETSIEuropean Telecommunication Standard Institute
ITUInternational Telecommunication Union
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Questions ???Questions ???
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