The UKCCSRC is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK

Energy Programme

CCS Showcase – Supply Chain Perspective12 May 2014, EIC Conference Suite, London

CCS – A Global Perspective

Jon GibbinsDirector, UK CCS Research CentreProfessor of Power Plant Engineering and Carbon CaptureUniversity of Edinburghwww.ukccsrc.ac.ukjon.gibbins@ed.ac.uk

About the UKCCSRCThe UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre (UKCCSRC) leads and 

coordinates a programme of underpinning research on all aspects of carbon  capture and storage

(CCS) in support of basic science and UK government 

efforts on energy and climate change. 

The Centre brings together nearly 200 of the UK’s world‐class CCS academics  and provides a national focal point for CCS research and development.

Initial core funding for the UKCCSRC is provided by £10M from the  Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the 

RCUK Energy Programme. This is complemented by £3M in additional funding  from the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to help establish 

new open‐access national pilot‐scale facilities (www.pact.ac.uk). Partner  institutions have contributed £2.5M.

www.ukccsrc.ac.uk

Associate Membership information:

https://ukccsrc.ac.uk/membership/associate‐membership

What do we need to achieve?

What is the apparent global market?

How could the global market develop?

Fraction of C stored must rise from zero to 100%

Myles R. Allen, David J. Frame & Charles F. Mason, The case for mandatory sequestration,

Nature Geoscience 2, 813 - 814 (2009), doi:10.1038/ngeo709

500 600 700 800 900 1000Emissions (billion tonnes of C)

Frac

tion

of fo

ssil

fuel

em

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capt

ured

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The prime climate objective is not to end the use of fossil fuels.The prime objective is to develop and deploy 100% CCS in time to cap cumulative emissions of carbon at a safe level.

CO2 EOR and other applications with partial overall capture should be seen as a stage in a path from zero CO2 capture to 100% CCS.They can be a move in the right direction from where we are now – emitting 100% of fossil carbon to atmosphere.The key factor is the extent to which technologies and/or projects can readily be adapted to get higher fractions of CO2 stored.

What do we need to achieve?

Boundary Dam 3Post-com

Kemper CountyIGCC

Bow City AB. New 500MW PC + Post-com

FutureGen 2Oxyfuel

Texas Clean Energy Project IGCC

HECAIGCC

QuintanaIGCC

NRG ParishPost-com

Sinopec ShengliCFBC+ Post-com

Lianyungang IGCC

Huaneng GreenGenIGCC

Emirates AluminiumPost-com

C.GEN North Killingholme IGCC

Captain Clean Energy IGCC

Datang Daqing Post-com

Don Valley IGCC

White Rose Oxyfuel

Peterhead Post-com

ROADPost-com

Dongguan IGCCTaiyangzhou

Korea-CCS 1Post-com

Korea-CCS 2Oxy/IGCC or

Queensland IGCCTeesside

IGCC

GCCSI compilation of expected project start dates, with assumed power generation project names added

FID taken

IGCC 11-12Post-com 9Oxyfuel 2-3Storage 12EOR 11Onshore 16?Offshore 7?

But to interpret the project mix in the GCCSI database it is necessary

to look at CCS ‘history’.

Some projects were originally conceived under quite different

market conditions from now.

CCS Implementation Proposals – UK

Company/ Project Name Fuel Plant 

output/costCapture technology Start 

Progressive 

Energy/Centrica, Teeside, 

UK

Coal (petcoke) 800 MW (+ H2 

to grid) 

($1.5bn)

IGCC + shift + precombustion 2009

BP/SSE DF1, 

Peterhead/Miller, ScotlandNatural gas 475 MW, 

(>$600M)Autothermal

reformer + 

precombustion2010

Powerfuel/Kuzbassrazrezugol

Hatfield 

Colliery, UK

Coal ~900 MW IGCC + shift + precombustion 2010

Conoco‐Phillips, 

Immingham, UKCoal(+petcoke?)

450 MW (or 

more, with 

retrofit)

IGCC+CCS addition to planned 

NGCC CHP plant2010(for 

CHP)

E.ON, Killingholme, Lincolnshire coast, UK

Coal(+petcoke?)

450 MW(£1bn)

IGCC + shift + precombustion?(may be capture ready)

2011

RWE, Tilbury, UK Coal ~500 MW(£800m)

PC (supercritical retrofit) + post‐

combustion (may be capture 

ready)

2016 

• Proposed

full‐scale (~300 MWe and above) CCS projects

• Based on media reports, press releases and personal communication  so indicative only!

• Plus capture‐ready plants at Ferrybridge (SSE) and Kingsnorth

(E.On)

In hindsight CURRENT GCCSI LSIP / CURRENT BUT CHANGED

From presentation made

8 YEARS AGO

CCS Implementation Proposals – World (not UK)

Company/ Project Name Fuel Plant 

output/costCapture technology Start 

Statoil/Dong, Mongstad, Norway

Natural gas 280 MW NGCC+ Post‐combustion amine 

100,000 tCO2/yr from 2010, 

1.3Mt CO2

from 2014, CO2

for EOR 

(Gullfaks

and others)

2010

BP DF2, Carson, USA

Petcoke 500 MW, 

($1bn)IGCC + shift + precombustion, CO2

for EOR

2011

Statoil/Shell, 

Tjeldbergodden, NorwayNatural gas 860 MW NGCC+ Post‐combustion amine, 

CO2

for EOR (Draugen)2011

SaskPower, Saskatchewan,Canada

Lignite coal 300 MW PC oxyfuel 2011

Stanwell, Queensland, 

AustraliaCoal 275 MW IGCC + shift + precombustion 2012

Futuregen, USA Coal 275 MW IGCC + shift + precombustion 2012

Xcel Colorado, USA. Coal (sub.bit) 300‐350MW IGCC, may be partial capture only 2013

RWE, GermanyGermany

Coal 450 MW(Є1bn)

IGCC + shift + precombustion 2014

• Proposed

full‐scale (~300 MWe and above) CCS projects

• Based on media reports, press releases and personal communication  so indicative only! In hindsight CURRENT GCCSI LSIP / CURRENT BUT CHANGED

From presentation made

8 YEARS AGO

From presentation made

8 YEARS AGO

CCS Proposals – UK – Before The Competition

Project Fuel Plant output Capture technology

BP/SSE DF1, 

Peterhead/Miller, ScotlandNatural gas 475 MW, 

(>$600M)Autothermal

reformer + precombustion

Progressive Energy/Centrica, Teeside

Coal (petcoke)

800 MW IGCC + shift + precombustion

Powerfuel/ Hatfield Colliery Coal ~900 MW IGCC + shift + precombustionShell gasifier

Conoco‐Phillips, Immingham Coal(+petcoke?)

450 MW (or 

more)

IGCC+CCS addition to planned NGCC CHP plant

E.ON, Killingholme, Lincolnshire coast

Coal(+petcoke?)

450 MW IGCC + shift + precombustion

RWE, Tilbury Coal 2 x 800 MW PC, CR, new supercritical, post‐com

SSE, Ferrybridge Coal 1 or 2 x 500MW PC, CR, new  supercritical

E.ON, Kingsnorth Coal 2 x 800MW PC, CR, new supercritical, post‐com

RWE, Blyth Coal 3 x 800MW PC, CR, new supercritica, post‐com

Scottish Power, Longannet Coal ~ 2400 MW PC, CR, supercritical ( retrofit?)

SP Cockenzie Coal ~ 1200 MW PC, CR, supercritical (retrofit?)

Severn Pwr, Uskmouth Natural gas 800MW GTCC permitted as CR

E.ON, Drakelow Natural gas 1220MW GTCC permitted as CR

Proposed

full‐scale (~300 MWe and above) CCS projects ‐

indicative only

~10 GWof

newPC

plantplanned

Already 2GWmore gas coming

In hindsight CURRENT GCCSI LSIP / CURRENT BUT CHANGED / FEED BUT NO FID

From presentation made

6 YEARS AGO

6 August, 2008Climate Camp at Kingsnorth

Power StationA CCS Competition to demonstrate

post-combustion capture for the planned UK supercritical coal fleet was a necessary response at the

time, but the proposals for new coal were overtaken by the economic downturn and no new coal power

plants, required to support the capture demonstrations, were built.

What is the apparent global market?• GCCSI: 50% IGCC, 40% Post-com, 10-15% oxyfuel to 2020• Mainly coal, reflecting a previous emphasis• Many GCCSI database projects date back 8+ years

How could the global market develop?1. EOR in North America (and Middle East?)• Canada and Mexico as well as USA• Cheap gas but CCS on gas still needs support for EOR• Time needed to get beyond ‘gas good / coal bad ‘ dogma• USA - Proposed gas-level EPS has delayed most CCS• Canada – Power EPS + plant life limit = constrained options• Canada - Oil sands gas for steam generation • Mexico - Gas for new power, EOR driver plus climate law• Middle East – Will depend on results from new projects?

How could the global market develop?2. Coal with CCS for developing countries• World Bank and ADB have stopped funding new coal plants• Obvious market, but will need OPEX as well as CAPEX support• Co-benefits from better pollutant control• But must be cheaper then equivalent energy services from

renewables

3. China?• Sophisticated market with capacity for indigenous supply• With potentially aggressive export drive - cooperate or compete?• Large-scale indigenous deployment depends on China’s

satisfaction with global climate deal and actual EOR prospects

4. Europe• Keeping coal likely to be a new priority for energy security• But will this translate in action on CCS - and by when?• European CCS projects could be a big driver for Markets 1-3

FIRST TRANCHE

Demonstration

SECOND TRANCHE

Commercial &Regulatory Drivers

Overall effort also important to maintain continuity GLOBAL

CCS ROLLOUT

Big prize is getting two learning cycles

from two tranches of CCS projects before

global rollout

EUCCS

ROLLOUTIGCC/OXYFUELNEW BUILD/REBUILDPLANTS PATHTO ROLLOUT

2015 2020 2025

12 plants by 2015 in EU

Earliest demo plants?Last plants in first tranche

First plants in second trancheLater plant in second tranche

First lead country rollout plantsFirst global rollout plants

Feedback fromfirst tranche intosecond tranche Feedback from

second tranche intoEU and global rollout

2015 2020 2025

TIMING FORDesignConstructionStart learning

BUILD ALL PLANTS CAPTURE READYRETROFIT CAPTURE

CCS - Sequencing the Deployment - the Big Picture

Gibbins, J. and Chalmers, H. Preparing for global rollout: A ‘developed country first’ demonstration programme for rapid CCS deployment. Energy Policy, 2008, 36(2), 501-507.

From presentation made

6 YEARS AGO

How could the global market develop?5. 2nd and 3rd generation capture technology projects?• MUST be based on previous projects, just using novel

technologies is clearly not a 2nd or 3rd generation• Some learning from studies already, e.g. Boundary Dam• But most proposed projects are still 1st generation• Need learning by doing from successful projects on:

• technology (design, procure, construct, commission)• markets (business models, contracts, financing)• regulation, permitting etc. etc.

• Plus reference plants to reduce risk and financing costs• Fully-developed market for supply chains has repeat units• Also need PEOPLE with experience from repeat projects

UK Annual Public Sector Energy RD&D Budgets (£M, 2012 money)

10 year gap - but new funding in place now

RCUK - Investing in a brighter energy future: Energy Research And Training ProspectusProf Jim Skea, Dr Matthew Hannon, Dr Aidan Rhodes, Centre for Environmental Policyhttp://www3.imperial.ac.uk/rcukenergystrategy

• Permitting of transport and storage in the EU

• Validated storage capacity• New transport infrastructure• North Sea Basin is major hub

for EU CCS, but currently transboundary issues

• Offshore storage experience• Including EOR?• Offshore pipeline experience• Re-use of existing pipelines

and offshore infrastructure• Clusters of anthropogenic

sources: business models, operation, CO2 mixing etc.

How could the global market develop?6. Offshore storageExploitable UK assets/experience from Commercialisation projects:

http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/118466/assessment-co2-storage-potential-guangdong-province-china-2.pdf

How could the global market develop?Example: Offshore storage potential in South ChinaAlso prospects in Brazil, Australia, India, US Gulf Coast, Middle East etc.

UK FCO project:

Feasibility Study of CCS- Readiness in Guangdong Province, China (GDCCSR)

Final Report: Part 2Assessment of CO2 StoragePotential for GuangdongProvince, China

GDCCSR-SCSIO TeamMarch 2013

CCS – A Global Perspective• The market for CCS is potentially very large indeed, but is only just

starting.• Therefore UK spending on CCS is likely to have more impact on

getting climate agreement than equivalent money for nuclear or renewables.

• Approximately 20 projects currently identified as operational by 2020 globally by GCCSI: ~50% IGCC, ~40% Post-com, ~10-15% Oxyfuel.

• But these are all 1st generation projects; some that still have to complete FEED and/or FID date back over 8 years……

• …. and a previous dash for coal that never happened.• Can expect 2nd generation projects to appear soon that are based on

1st generation projects and that benefit from learning-by-doing ….• …. and/or from pre-existing transport and storage infrastructure.• Offshore transport and storage is essential for other CCS markets ….• …. as well as UK storage capacity being a major European asset. • RD&D capacity and research-trained industry people is also being

developed to support CCS deployment.• CCS is starting to feel much more ‘practical’ – now at the

‘end of the beginning’ phase!