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6 jeks l,dmh" 2011 wfm%a,a ui
we;=,;a oEl;=jelsh - YS% ,xldj i|yd kj m¾fhaIK jev igyka y÷kd.ekSu ^msgqj 2& $
pkaøsld ;dÌKh fhdodf.k fkd.eUqre újD; ,sx ia:dk.;j we;s whqre is;shï
.;lsrSu ^msgqj 3& $ Y%S ,xldfõ hdmkh osia;%slalfha N+.; c,fha ridhksl
,ÌK y÷kd.ekSfï wOHhkh ^msgqj 4& $ .,aTh jdrs l<uKdlrK
jHdmD;sfha j¾;udk úuiqula - bosrs mshjr l=ula úh hq;=o@ ^msgqj 5& $
wNsfhda.d;aul mrsirhl lDIs c, l<uKdlrK ueosy;aùï u.ska ck cSú;
f.dvke.Su ^msgqj 6& $ j.d ,sx yd cx.u ÿrl;k Y%S ,xldfõ úh,s l,dmhg
kj cSjhla ,ndfohs ^msgqj 7&'
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh ^IWMI& Y%S ,xldfõ l%shd;aul lrk
m¾fhaIK ms<sn| f;dr;=re
cd;AHka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh miq.sh jif¾ fld<UoS md¾Yjldr wdh;k
iuÕ mej;s idlÉPd j,ska wk;=rej Y%S ,xldj i|yd m¾fhaIK jev igyka
y÷kd.eksKs' ta wdY%s;j wkd.; wdydr yd mrsir iqrÌs;;djh iy ck cSú;h
iq/lSug Wrfok kj jHdmD;ska /ila ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduqj we;' fuu jHdmD;s
w;r hdmkfha N+.; c,fha .=Kd;aul ;Fjh wOHhkh" lDIs ,sx ia:dk.;j we;s
wdldrh is;shï.; lsrSu yd .,aTh w;ayod neÆ jdrs l<uKdlrK jev ms<sfj,
h,s úuiqug ,lalsrSu we;=¿ ;j;a wOHhk .Kkdjla fõ''''
years1985-2010
IWMI Celebrating
Water ManagementI n t e r n a t i o n a l
I n s t i t u t e
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2011. Jala Puwath. In Sinhalese. [Water Matters: news of IWMI research in Sri Lanka]. Issue 6. 8p. doi:
10.5337/2011.208
m%ldYk whs;sh cd' c' l' wd' i;=h' fuys we;s f;dr;=re Wmqgd.ekSug yels w;r tn÷ wjia:dj, tfia Wmqgd.;a nj m%ldY lr isàu yd
cd' c' l' wd' g oekaùug ldreKsl jkak'
l;=jelsh
Y%S ,xldj i|yd kj m¾fhaIK jev
igyka y÷kd.ekSu
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh ^IWMI& YS% ,xldj i|yd
jeo.;a jk m¾fhaIK ms<sn|j furg md¾Yjldr wdh;k iuÕ
idlÉPd lsrSug WmfoaYl lñgq /iaùula 2010 iema;eïn¾ ui
20 jeks osk mj;ajkakg fhosKs' fuhg jdrsud¾.
fomd¾;fïka;=j" f.dúck ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j" lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=j" ñKqï fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl ie,iqïlrK
fomd¾;fïka;=j" uyje,s wêldrsh" c, iïm;a uKav,h" cd;sl
c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyK uKav,h" lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd
m%;sm;a;s i|yd jk ljqkais,h" ^CARP& fylag¾ fldínElvqj
lDIs m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq wdh;kh ^HART& hk wdh;k iy
úYaj úoHd, lsysmhl ksfhdacs;hka o iyNd.s jQy'
idlÉPdfõoS meyeos,s f,i fy<sorjq jQfha cd;Hka;r c,
l<uKdlrK wdh;kh úiska j;auka m¾fhaIK wjYH;d f,i
y÷kd.;a fndfyda oE" Y%S ,xldfõ c, iïm;a wdY%s; .eg¿ ms<sn|j
jdrsud¾. fomd¾fïka;=fõ yd cd;sl c, iïm;a uKav,fha
m¾fhaIK wjYH;d iu. fnfyúkau ieif|k njh' ;jo"
cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK wdh;kh cd;sl uÜgfï md¾Yjldr
wdh;k yd m%;sm;a;s ie,iqïlrK wdh;k iuÕ ióm iïnkaO;d
f.dvk.d.ekSu ^cd, .;ùu& w;sYhskau jeo.;a nj wjOdrKh
úh'
fï wkqj ieliqKq cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK wdh;kfha
Y%S ,xld jev igyfka wruqKq my; i|yka f,i iïmsKavkh lr
oelaúh yel'
wruqK 1( fmdÿfõ c, iïm;a l<uKlrKh yd iqúfYaISj
lDIsld¾óh c, l<uKdlrKh ^AWM& i|yd
Wmfhda.S;djhlska hq;= f;dr;=re yd oekqu ìyslsrASu
wruqK 2( c,h iy N+ñ iïm;a l<uKdlrKhg wod,j lghq;=
lrk cd;sl rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;khkaf.ka wju
jYfhka 90] cd,.; lr.;a oekqu yqjudre lr.ekSu i|yd jk
moaO;shla bosrs fojirl ld,h ;=, ia:dms; lsrSu
wruqK 3( bosrs fojir ;=, Y%S ,xldfõ úúO md¾Yjlrejka" c,
l<uKdlrejka" m¾fhaIlhka yd m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka w;r
oekqu yqjudre lr.ekSu i|yd jk flaJøhla f,i ia:dms; ùu
wruqK 4( Y%S ,xldfõ c, l<uKdlrKh ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla
olajk fyda tu lghq;= j, ksr;j isák foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r
wdh;kj,g oekqu imhk yd tn÷ ‘m%cd jHdmD;s’ lghq;= j,g
iyNd.S jk wdh;kla f,i l%shd;aul ùu
by; wruqKq 1 ys fldgila f,i" bosrs udi lsysmh ;=,
cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK wdh;kfha Y%S ,xld jev igyk
u.ska hdmkh w¾Ooùmfha c,fha .=Kd;aul ;Fjh ms<sn|j
wOHhkh lrkq ,nk w;r" pkaøsld ;dÌKh fhdodf.k
fkd.eUqre lDIs ,sx N+f.da,shj ia:dms;j we;s wdldrh
y÷kd.ekSu i|yd l%ufõohla ieliSu" iyNd.SFj jdrsud¾.
l<uKdlrKh wdrïN jQ .,aTh jdrsud¾. fhdackdl%uh h,s
úuiSug ,lalsrSu" miq.sh iufha hqoaOh wdY%s; .egqï ksid
whym;a n,mEï j,g ,lajQ m%cd lKavdhïj, cSjk ud¾."
lDIsld¾ñl c, l<uKdlrK ueosy;aùï u.ska h,s
m%;sYaGdmkh jk whqre wOHhkhg ,lalsrSu" uyd jdrsud¾.
jHdmD;s we.hSug ,lalsrSu yd l,mq j, Ñria:dhS ixj¾Okh hk
lreKq m¾fhaIK f;aud lr.kq ,en we;' fï m¾fhaIK ms<sn|
f;dr;=re fujr c, mqj;a l,dmfha i|yka fõ'
miq.sh jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK
wdh;kfha m¾fhaIK j,g odhl jQ wh lsysm fofkl= kñka
i|yka lrf;d;a w.%.KH úoHd¾;Ska jk wdpd¾H iS' wd¾'
mdkfndlal" wdpd¾H wd¾' ila;sjäfõ,a" wdpd¾H v.a furs iy
wNdjm%dma; wdpd¾H mS,slaia wurisxy jekafkda ta w;r fõ'
Tjqkaf.a odhlFjh wm f.!rj iïm%hqla;j isysm;a lrk w;r
wmf.a md¾Yjlrejka úiska imhk ,o odhlFjh o w;sYhska
w.h lruq' tf,iu Y%S ,xldfõ c, iïm;a l<uKdlrKhg
wod, oekqï iïNdrh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh lrf.k hdfï
wruqKska ia:dms; lsrSug fhdacs; m¾fhIK cd, moaO;shg
ieuf.a odhlFjh wms úfYaaIfhkau n,dfmdfrd;a;=j isáuq'
wdpd¾H fyar;a uka;S%;s,l
m%OdkS" Ys% ,xld jevigyk'
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh u.ska Y%s ,xldfõ flfrk m¾fhaIK lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re c, mqj;a 6 jk l,dmh 2
pkaøsld ;dÌKh fhdodf.k fkd.eUqre újD;
,sx ia:dk.;j we;s whqre is;shï.; lsrSu
pkaøsld u.ska úYaf,aIKd;aul nyq j¾KSh rEm ix{d ^high resolution multispectral imagery& ,nd.; yels ;Fjhla hgf;a" pkaøsld ;dÌKh
(remote sinsing) yd N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re moaO;s (GIS) ;dÌKhka
Wmfhda.S fldgf.k fkd.eUqre ,sx N+f.da,Shj ia:dk.;j we;s wdldrh
y÷kd.; yel' pJøsld PdhdrEm fhdodf.k l,amsáh fjr<dikak
m%foaYj, fkd.eUqre c,ksê (aquifers) wdY%s; fkd.eUqre ,sx ^úfYaIfhkau
lDIs ,sx& ia:dk.;j we;s wdldrh y÷kd .ekSug cd;Hka;r c,
l<uKdlrK wdh;kh l%ufõohla ilia lrñka isà' fuu ;dÌKsl
l%ufõoh miqld,Skj hdmkh yd wkqrdOmqr m%foaY i|yd o fhdod.ekSug
wfmaÌs;h' fuysoS fnfyúkau jeo.;a lreKla jkafka wod, m%foaY
;=fkys c, ksê j, .;s ,ÌK tlsfklska fjkiaùuh' oS¾> ld,hla
uq¿,af,a hdmkh iy l,amsáh m%foaYj, Ndú;d lrkq ,en we;af;a ñksia
Y%uh fhdod w;ska ydrk ,o ,sx jk w;r wkqrdOmqrh jeks rg
wNHka;rfha msysá ;o .,a ;Ügq iys; m%foaYj, lDIs ,sx yErSu i|yd
1980 .Kka j, isg hka;% iQ;% Ndú;d lsrSu fmdÿfõ olakg ,efnk
;Fjhls' fuhg m%Odk jYfhka fya;=ù we;af;a hka;% iQ;% i|yd jk
úhoï rcfha iykdOdr hgf;a ,nd.; yels ùuh' fuu wOHhkh
i|yd j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 30-50 úYd, N+ñ m%foaYhla tla tla l,dmfhka
f;dard .ekSug kshñ;h'
oekg mj;akd lDIs ,sx i,l=Kq lr.ekSug yd tajdfha ixLHd;aul jeäùu
jeks fjkialï y÷kd.ekSug we;s jvd;au iqÿiq l%uh jkqfha úYaf,aIKh
l, yels rEm ix{d iys; pkaøsld PdhdrEm fhdod.ekSuh' fuu PdhdrEm
u.ska lDIs ,sx fldmuK m%udKhla ;sfío" tajd ld,dkqrEmj
ixLHd;aulj jeäù we;af;a ljr m%foaYj,o hkak fmkajd fokq we;'
tlsfklska fjkiajk jia;+ka fjkaj y÷kd.ekSfï ;dÌKh ^object oriented classification techniques& fhdod .ekSfuka yd fÌ;% ióÌK
u.ska yd fï iïnkaO fjk;a wOHhk j, f;dr;=re u.ska fuu ,sx j,
iqúfYaI .;s ,ÌK y÷kd.ekSug yelsjk w;r tajd fmdl=Kq" jeisosh
.nvd lr.kakd ks¾ñ; hkdosfhka fjkalr oelaùugo mq¿jk'
wAOHhkfhka ,nd.kakd wjika m%;sM, fÌ;% ksrSÌK u.ska ;yjqre
lrkq ,nhs' lDIs ,sx ixLH;aulj jeäùu j.dìï m%udKfha yd
ksIamdokfha jeäùug n,mdk wdldrh we.hSu i|yd miq.sh wjqreÿ 5
ld, mrÉfPaohg wod, pkaøsld PdhdrEm ,ndf.k tu o;a; ú.%yhg
Ndckh lrkq ,efí' lDIs ksIamdokh ms<sn| o;a; wod, lDIsl¾uh
ms<sn| ixLHdf,aLk j,ska ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lrkq we;'
,sx y÷kd.ekSu i|yd jHqyhla ^framework& ilia lr.ekSfuka wk;=rej
lsishï fok ,o m%foaYhl lDIs ,sx m%udKh jd¾Islj jeäùfï
m%jk;djh yeoErSu i\yd th fhdod.; yel' ,sx N+f.da,Shg ia:dk.;j
we;s whqre oek.ekSu tu m%foaYj, N+.; c, wdlD;s ^modeling& ilialsrSu i|yd o msgqjy,la jkq we;'
wdY%s; .%J: $ ,sms f,aLK
Karunaratne, A. D. M.; Pathmarajah, S. 2002. Groundwater development through introduction of agro-wells and micro-irrigation in Sri Lanka. Symposium Proceedings on the Use of Groundwater in Agriculture in Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Panabokke, C. R. 1998. Towards a rational use of groundwater from agrowells under small tank systems of the Rajarata. Daily News, November, 1998. Pp. 8. Available at http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H023403.pdf
Panabokke, C. R. 2002. Nature of occurrence of the regolith aquifer in the hard rock region of the north central dry zone, and its rational exploitation for agro-well development. Symposium Proceedings on the Use of Groundwater in Agriculture in Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Pathmarajah, S. 2002. Use of groundwater for agriculture in Sri Lanka: A synthesis of the past, present and the future. Symposium Proceedings on the Use of Groundwater in Agriculture in Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
fkd.eUqre ,sx wE; w;S;fha isgu Y%S ,xldfõ .%dóh yd w¾O kd.rsl
m%foaY j, mdkSh c, uQ,dY%h úh' Y%S ,xldfõ W;=relrfha msysá hdmkfha
yd ngysr foi msysá l,amsáfha u;=msg c, uQ,dY% ysÕ jQjo" tys N+.;
c,h m%Yia: uÜgul ;snQ fyhska fkd.eUqre ,sx ;kd tu c,h
lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|ydo fhdod.kq ,eîh' rfÜ úh,s l,dmSh m%foaYj,
lDIsl¾uh i|yd jeõ wuqKq jeks u;=msg c, uQ,dY% fhdod .;a;o" tajd
úh,s ld, mrsÉfPAAao j, lDIsld¾ñl c, wjYH;d iemhSug m%udKj;a
fkdfõ' fuu m%foaY j, we;s N+.; c, ksê iys; ì÷Kq ;o mdIdK
N+ñNd.hka" fkd.eUqre ,sx yd lDIs ,sx jYfhka ye|skafjk úIalïNfhka
jeä ,sx i|yd iqÿiq nj fmkShhs ^mdkfndlal 2002&' fuu lDIs ,sx y÷kajd
oSu;a iu. j.d l< N+ñ m%udKhka iS>%j by, hdula isÿjQjd muKla
fkdj j.d ;Sj%;djho 200] olajd by, m%;sY;hlska jeäúh ^m;aurdcd
2002&' lDIs ,sx i|yd rdcH wkq.%yh hgf;a iykdOdr ,eîu;a tajd
wdY%s;j ,enqKq wd¾:sl m%;s,dNhkq;a fya;=fldg úh,s l,dmSh m%foaY j,
lDIs ,sx m%udKd;aulj jeäùula olakg ,eìKs ^m;aurdcd 2002&' fï yd
iuÕ" N+.; c,h wiSñ;j wjfYdaIKfhka (extraction) úh yels wksgq
m%;sM, ms<sn|j wkafoda,khla úúO md¾Yjhka w;r u;=fjñka mj;S'
fkd.eUqre c,ksê (aquifers) wiSñ; f,i wjfYdaIKhg ,laùfuka tajd
is|Shdu jeks .eg¿ we;sùfï wjodku wêlh' oyia ixLHd; jQ fkd.eUqre
,sx iSñ; m%foaYhla mqrd me;sr mj;akd úg tu.ska N+.; c,hg we;sjk
iuia: n,mEu .Kkh lsrSu m%dfhda.slj wmyiq ld¾hhls' oekg mj;sk
fkd.eUqre ,sx ixLHd;aulj y÷kd .ekSug úúO W;aidy ord we;s w;r" ta
ms<sn|j we;s o;a; fndafyda úg m%udKfhka l=vd jQ m%foaYhlska ,nd.kakd
o;a; wkqidrfhka iuia: m%foaYhl ;Fjh ms<sn|j wkqudKsl f;dr;=re
imhk tajdh' fuu fkd.eUqre c,Or wdY%s; N+.; c,h l<uKdlrKh
i|yd jk m<uq mshjr jkqfha mj;akd fkd.eUqre ,sx ish,a, we;=,;ajk
f,aLKhla (inventory) ilia lsrSuh'
Pho
to C
redi
t: B
. Ran
jith
Ariy
arat
ne
lDIs ,sx is;shï .;lsrSfï yd j¾.SlrKh lsrSfï l%shdj,sh oelafjk rEm
igyk' ilialrk ,oafoa( Aditya Sood mYapd;a wdpd¾H WmdêOdrS" c, úoHd;aul
wdlD;s - cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK wdh;kh'
wdpd¾H fyar;a uka;S%;s,l
Panchromaticsatellite imagery
(.5 m)
Multispectralsatellite imagery
Ancillaryinformation
Object-basedclassi�cation
Resolutionmerge (XS .5 m)
Impact of increase inagro-well density on
agricultural area
NormalizedDi�erence Vegetation
Index (NDVI)
Field survey
Field validation
Watermask
Shape, size,depth
Ponds Shallowwells
Rainwaterharvesting
Change inagricultural
area
Digital ElevationModel (DEM)
l%shd;aul jk kj jHmD;s
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh u.ska Y%s ,xldfõ flfrk m¾fhaIK lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re c, mqj;a 6 jk l,dmh 3
yd j¾;udk j¾Idm;kh ixikaokh flfrk w;r .Dyia:
mrsfNdackhg" lDIsl¾uhg yd fjk;a wjYH;djhkag fhdod.kakd uq¿
c, mrsudKh o .Kkh flfrkq we;' tf,iu m¾fhaIlhka c,h
¥IKh jk uQ,dY% ms<sn|j ^f.dúìï j,ska" l¾udka; j,ska iy
ixj¾Ok jevìï j,ska wmøjH neyer lsrSu& wOHhkhg ,lalsrSug
kshñ;h'
m¾fhaIKh u.ska pqkakdlï c,ksêfha wvx.= khsg%ck m%udKh o
.Kkh flfrkq we;' N+.; c,h khsfÜ%Ü j¾. u.ska ¥IKh ùug
lDIsl¾uh" ñksia wmøjH" jdhqf.da,fhka neyerùï odhljk wdldrh
fuu.ska wjfndaO lr.; yelsfõ' c,fha wvx.= úh hq;= khsfÜ%Ü
m%udKh ms<sn|j ms,s.;a uÜgula we;s fyhska YdL j¾. úiska
m%fhdackhg .kakd khsfÜ%Ü m%udKh" mfiys yd c,fhys wka;¾.;
m%udKh o .Kkh lrkq ,efí' c,fha ;sìh hq;= khsfÜ%Ü m%udKh
ms<sn| fuu ms,s.;a m%udKh blaujd hk mrsos lsishï c,ksêhl c,fha
khsfÜ%Ü we;s úg tu c,h ñksia mrsfNdackh i|yd iqÿiq fkdfõ'
khsfÜ%Ü m%udKh .Kkh lsrSu i|yd jdhq idïm, mrSÌdj" f.dùka
iu. flfrk iïuqL idlÉPd" m%foaYfha fj<|fmd, j, fmdfydr
wf,úh ms<sn| f;dr;=re fukau ñksia ckdjdi ms<sn| f;dr;=re o
fhdod .efka' fuu.ska w¾Ooùmfha c,h ¥IKhg ,lajk uQ,dY%
m¾fhaIlhkag y÷kd.; yels fõ'
tl;= lrk ,o o;a; ú.%y lsrSfuka wk;=rej tajd c, N+ úoHd;aul
o;a; iu. Y%S ,xldfõ N+ c, ridhksl is;shu hdj;ald,Sk lsrSu i|yd
fhdod .efkkq we;' cd;Hka;r c, l<uKdlrK wdh;kh fuu o;a;
fhdodf.k my; oelafjk
f;dr;=re iys; N+f.da,Sh
f;dr;=re moaO;s ^GIS& u;
mokï jQ o;a; moaO;shla
ilialrkq we;'
^w& mrSÌdjg ,la l, ,sx" fkd.eUqre ,sx iy k, ,sx
j, msysàu yd tajd
N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl ljr
iajNdjhlska me;sr
mj;afka o hkak'
^wd& N+.; c,fhka
m%;sfmdaIKh ^recharge&jk m%foaY j, is;shu
^we& N+.; c, uÜgu
^wE& khsg%cka iy wmøjH
j, m%Nj ia:dk'
fuu f;dr;=re w¾Ooùmfha
c,h yd iïnJO .eg¿
úi|Sfï ld¾hhkays kshq;=
md¾Yjlrejkag w;sYhskau
jeo.;ajkq we;' fuu jHdmD;sh udi 10 l ld,hla uq¿,af,a
l%shd;aul ùug kshñ;h'
hdmkh w¾Ooùmfha" pqkakdlï" jvudrÉÑ" ;kudrÉÑ iy lhsÜia hk
m%foaYj, y÷kd.kq ,enQ c,ksê y;rla we;' fuu wOHhkh u.ska
pqkakdlï c,ksêfha ridhksl ,ÌK wOHhkh lsrSug iy m%foaYfha
N+.; c,fha .;s,ÌK yd tu m%foaYfha bvï mrsfNdack rgdj ms<sn|
mrsmQ¾KjQ N+f.da,Sh f;dr;=re moaO;shla ^GIS& i|yd wjYH jk o;a;
/ialsrSug;a wfmaÌs;h' cd;Hka;r c, l<uKlrK wdh;kh" hdmkh
yd fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd, j, úoaj;=ka yd uQ,sl wOHhk wdh;kfha
^Institute of Fundamental Studies& m¾fhaIlhka yd tlaj pqkakdlï
c,ksêfha mYapd;a hqO iufha c,fha .=Kd;aul;djh yd N+ ridhksl
;Fjh we.hSug ,la lsrSug yd N+.; c,h m%;sfmdaIs; ^recharge& m%foaY
is;shï.; fldg m%;sfmdaIKh ùug .;jk ld, mrdih hkdosh
.Kkh lsrSug fuu wOHhkfhka ;j ÿrg;a wfmaÌd flf¾' N+.;
c,hg ridhksl yd wys;lr wmøjH tlajkafka ljr uQ,dY% j,ska hkak o
m¾fhaIlhka wOHhkhg ,lalrk w;r fuu f;dr;=re bvï yd c,
mrsfHdaclhkag wkd.;fha oS myiqfjka ,nd.ekSug wjia:dj o imhkq
we;'
c,fha .=Kd;aulFjh ú.%yhg Ndckh lsrSu i|yd pqkakdlï m%foaYfha
,sx 60 la ksheos f,i fhdod.kq we;' ú.%yh i|yd idudkHfhka
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yd fmdiafmaÜ j¾.&" legdhk ^fidaähï" ue.akSishï" le,aishï"
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laf,darhsâ" nhsldnfkaÜ" ldnfkaÜ&" nr f,day ^As, Cd, Pb& iy ydksodhl
frda.ldrl m%udKhka hkdoshh' wOHhkfhka miq.sh ld, mrsÉfPao j,
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hdmkh w¾Ooùmfha m%Odk N+.; c,ksê'
Y%S ,xldfõ hdmkh osia;%slalfha N+.; c,
ksêj, ridhksl ^Hydro-geochemical& ,ÌK y÷kd.ekSfï wOHhkh
bosrsfhaoS l%shd;aul jk kj jHmD;s
wdpd¾H fyar;a uka;S%;s,l
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh u.ska Y%s ,xldfõ flfrk m¾fhaIK lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re c, mqj;a 6 jk l,dmh 4
.,aTh jdrsud¾. jHmD;sfha lsrSug fhdacs; kj wOHhkh u.ska
tys c, l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| w;S; w;aoelSï f,aLK.; lsrSug
fukau tys j;auka ;Fjh we.hSug;a wfmaÌd flf¾' tu.ska c,
l<uKdlrKh i|yd wkd.;fhaoS ljr Wmdhud¾.hka wjYH
jkafka oehs jgyd.ekSu wOHhkfha mrud¾:h fõ'
oekg jdrsud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=fõ yd jdrs l<uKdlrK
wxYfha iydh we;sj cd;Hka;r jdrsud¾. l<uKdlrK
wdh;kh 1980 oYlfha lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq
wdh;kh yd fldafk,a úYajúoHd,h iu. m¾fhaIK lghq;=
j, fhÿK .,aTh jHdmdrfha m%foaYj, msysá f.dú ixúOdk
18 l ksfhdacs;hka yd f.dùka 231 ióÌKhlg Ndckh lr
we;' fuu ióÌK lghq;= lrkq ,enQfha Wyk w;= wef,a by,"
ueo yd w. msysá f.dú ixúOdk yd ta fldgia j,g wh;ajk
f.dú ixúOdk yd f.dùka iïnJOjh' tla/ia lrk ,o
o;a; ;jÿrg;a wOHhkfhka yd ú.%ygh Ndckh lsrSfuka
j¾;udk ;;ajh we.hSug ,la flfrk w;r wkd.;
ixj¾Okh ljr udj;a wkq.ukh l< hq;=o hkak;a" bosrs
mshjr l=ula úhhq;=o hk m%Yakhg ms<s;=re fiùu;a tu.ska
wfmaÌs;h' o;a; iudc úoHd;aul yd wdh;ksluh
h:do¾Yhl ^perspective& isg ú.%y lrkq ,efí' fuu
ióÌKfha m%;sM, 2011 ,ndoSug kshñ;h'
1981 - 86 ld, jljdKqfõoS l%shd;aul jQ .,aTh c,
l<uKdlrK jHdmD;sh ,xldfõ mqfrda.dó m¾fhaIKd;aul
c, l<uKdlrK jHmD;sh f,i ie,fla' fï ms<sn|j
,shjqKq fmd;m; u.ska fmkajd fokq ,nkafka jdrsud¾.
jHmD;sfha M,odhs;dj jeälsrSu wruqKq fldg.;a fuu
jHmD;sh u.ska c, l<uKdlrKhg wod, uyd mrsudK
fjkialï y÷kajd ÿka njh' .,aTh iyNd.S jdrs
l<uKdlrK jHdmD;sfha uQ,sl wjOdkh ,lajQfha jdrsud¾.
jHmD;sfha l<uKdlrKhg wod, fjkialï y÷kajd oSuh'
1978 isg Y%S ,xldfõ iyNd.SFj jdrsud¾. l<uKdlrKh
ìysfldg th l%shd;aul lsrSu i|yd w;sYhskau odhl jQ
jHdmD;sh f,i fuh ie,lsh yelsh'
Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq lsrSfï wdh;kh
^ARTI& weursld tlai;a ckmofha fldafk,a úYajúoHd,fha
iydh we;sj mqkreF:dmk jHmD;sfha wdh;ksl jevigyk
l%shdjg ke.+ w;r tlai;a ckmofha cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok
wdh;kh ^USAID& u.ska ta i|yd uqo,a m%;smdok iemhsKs'
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrk ,oafoa jdrsud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j
úisks' jHmD;s w;aoelSu mq¿,a f,i jHdma; lrkq ,enqfha
lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq lsrSfï wdh;khg yd fldafk,a
úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaO m¾fhaIlhka úisks'
.,aTh jHdmD;sfha fõr., jefõ m%Odk we,
.,aTh jdrs l<uKdlrK jHdmD;sfha
j¾;udk úuiqula – bosrs mshjr l=ula
úhhq;=o@
rxcs;a wdrshr;ak
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l,dmSh m%foaYj, cSjk ;Fjh kÕd isgqùfï jevigyk’ ^DZLIP& iuÕ m¾fhaIKhl fhoS isà' tuÕska m¾fhaIKhg ,la flfrkqfha"
.egqïldrS ;Fjhka" iajNdúl wdmod yd fjk;a wjodkï ;Fjhka
hgf;a ì|jegqKq ckcSú; kej; f.dvke.Sug lDIsld¾ñl c,
l<uKdlrK lghq;= ljr wkaoulska odhl jkafkao hkakh' fuu
m¾fhaIKh u.ska wNsfhda.d;aul mrsirhlg WÑ; jk wdldrfhka
jHdmD;s ie,iqï jeä oshqKq lsrSug WmldrS fõ' tfuka u cd;Hka;r
lDIsl¾u wruqo, u.ska ÿ.Slu msgqoelSu i|yd flfrk ueosy;a ùu
jvd;a m%;sM,odhl tajd njg m;alsrSug o fuu m¾fhaIKfha
fidhd.ekSï msgqjy,la jkq we;'
jHdmD;sh fuu wruqK idÌd;a lr.ekSug wfmaÌd lrkqfha fuhg
fmr lrk ,o wOHhk j, m%;sM, yd cd;Hka;r lDIsl¾u wruqo,
w;sYhskau ixlS¾K jQ ;Fjhka hgf;a lDIsld¾ñl c,
l<uKdlrK lghq;= l%shd;aul lsrSu i|yd fhdod.; yels kj
t,Uqï ^approeches& ms<sn| tu wdh;kfha woyia o taldnoaO
lsrSfuks' fuu wOHhkfhaoS wNsfhda.d;aul mrsirhka lsysmhl lrk
,o m%f;Hl wOHhkaf.ka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re fukau tu mrsirhkays
wNsfhda.hkag uqyqKoSug jHdmD;Ska úiska j¾Okh lr.; hq;=
l<uKdldrSFj yelshdjka ms<sn| fhdackd o we;=,;a fjhs' fuu
m¾fhaIKh i|yd iliafldg fhdod.kakd l%ufõofhys jHdmD;sh
lDIsld¾ñl c, l<uKdlrKh i|yd fhdod.kakd wdh;ksl
jHqyh" uqyqKfok ndOdldrS ;Fjhka yd c, l<uKdlrKh i|yd
we;s jdisodhl ;Fjhka we.hSu i|yd jk kj rduqjla ^framework& we;=,;a h' cd;Hka;r lDIsl¾u wruqo, yd fjk;a wdfhdaclhka
úiska Tjqka úiska lrk ,o m%f;Hl wOHhkhka o fï i|yd bosrsm;a
lsrSug kshñ;h' fuu wOHhk lsrSfï wjYH;djh mek kef.kqfha tla
tla rdcH j, yd tajdg wh;a m%foaYhkays mj;akd wNsfhda. fukau"
wkd.;fhaoS tajdfha ljr fjkiaùï isÿúh yelso hkak we.hSulg
,lalsrSu wdfhdack jevigyka ilia lsrSfïoS wjYH jk fyhsks'
úúO miqìï yd mrsir ;Fjhka hgf;a lDIsld¾ñl c,
l<uKdlrK ueosy;a ùu we.hSug ,la flfrk" cd;Hka;r
jdrsud¾. l<uKdlrK wdh;kh úiska wdishdfõ iy wm%sldkq ifya,a
l,dmfha ^sub Saharan Africa& l%shd;aul jHdmD;s j, w;aoelSï
,nd.ekSu fukau tajdg W!KmQrK iemhSu o fuu jHmD;sfhka isÿfõ'
‘úh,s l,dmSh m%foaYj, cSjk ;Fjh kÕd isgqùfï jev igyk’ Y%S
,xldfõ úúO m%foaY j, l%shd;aul jk w;r fuu m¾fhaIKh i|yd
wkqrdOmqrh iy fudkrd., osia;%slal j, wNsfhda.d;aul ;Fjhkaf.ka
w;a ñfoñka mj;akd" jHmD;sh l%shd;aul m%foaY lsysmhlska o;a; tl;=
lsrSug kshñ;h' m¾fhaIK lghq;= wjika jq miq cd;Hka;r c,
l<uKdlrK wdh;kh o;a; ú.%y lsrSu wrUkq we;'
m¾fhaIK m%;sM, w;r úúO rgj, lrk ,o wOHhk m%;sM, yd
j,x.=Ndjfhka hq;a o¾Yjdohka ^typology& f.ka iukaú; jQ" tla
tla ixo¾Nhka $ ;Fjhka ^content& i|yd WÑ;jk Wmfoia o we;=,;a
jkq we;' tfukau wOHhk ;=,ska rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wdfhdackhkag
we;s bvlv ms<sn|j o m¾fhIK w;aoelSï ;=,ska fmkajd fohs' fuu
m¾fhaIK jHmD;sh u.ska lDIsl¾u ixj¾Okh i|yd jk
cd;Hka;r wruqo,g ^IFAD& wjYH uQ,sl oekqu yd ldf,daÑ; iydh
,ndfohs' úfYaIfhkau lDIsld¾ñl c, l<uKdlrKh i|yd
wdfhdackhka lsrSfï l%shdj,sfhaoS ;SrK .ekSug m¾fhaIK f;dr;=re
w;sYhskau WmldrS fõ' wfmaÌs; m%;sM, ,nd.ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh
lrk l%shdud¾. jkqfha jHmD;s lghq;= ie,iqï lsrSfïoS yd
l%shd;aul lsrSfïoS WmfoaYKh yd iyNd.s ùu hk iDcq
wka;¾l%shdjka h' fuh Y%S ,xldj" fkamd,h" wm%sldkq ifya,a l,dmh
jeks rgj, l%shd;aul jk m%dfoaYSh ^regional& jHmD;shl tla
fldgila muKs'
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kÕdisgqùug ux fidhhs'
wNsfhda.d;aul mrsirhl
lDIs c, l<uKdlrK ueosy;aùï
u.ska ck cSú; f.dvke.Su
fla' cskmd,
cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh u.ska Y%s ,xldfõ flfrk m¾fhaIK lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re c, mqj;a 6 jk l,dmh 6
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Y%S ,xlfõ idïm%odhsl f.dú;ek yd iïnJO Ndú;hka my; i|yka f;hdldr jQ N+ñ mrsfNdack rgdjla u; mokï úh'
• jdrs c,h fhdodf.k m%Odk jej hgf;a we;s fmdaIs; m%foaYfha ù f.dú;eka lsrSu. • Wia ìï j, j¾Idfjka ù fkdjk fjk;a fNda. j¾. j.dlsrSu. • f.j;= j, nyq jd¾Isl fNda. j.dlsrSu.
jeõ fmdaIs; bvï ;jÿrg;a fldgia lr fnodoSu" len,slrKh ùu" c, l<uKdlrKhg Wmfhda.S lr.;a idïm%odhsl l%u ì| jeàu" jeõ j, Odrd m%foaY mrsydKshg m;aùu" c, iemhqï moaO;sh crdcS¾Kj hdu jeks lreKq ksid jefõ fmdaIs; m%foaY j,ska m%udKj;a f,i c,h fkd,efnk ;;ajhla miqld,Skj ks¾udKh úh.
jefõ fN!;sl moaO;sfha msrsySu;a iuÕ ta yd iïnJO wd¾:slh" j¾Okhla fkdue;sj tl;ek ,e. isák ;Fjhlg weo jeáKs' l=vd bvïysñ f.dúhkag ;u wd¾:slfha j¾Okh i|yd fhduqúh yels fjk;a úl,am l%shdud¾. fkdue;s úh'
bka wk;=rej N+.; c,h u; mokï jQ ireidr hq.hla'''jeõ wdY%s; wd¾:slfha fjkila 1999 ld, mrsÉfPaofha werôKs' wvq úhoï iys; ãi,a yd meg%,a c, fmdïm fuu fjkfia fmr.ukalre úh' y;= msfmkakdla fuka úh,s l,dmfha iEu m%foaYhlu ,sx m%udKd;aulj jeäúh' c,h wjYH ia:dkhl wjYH úfgl wvq úhoulska ,n.ekSug c, fmdïm ;dÌKh;a iuÕ yelsùu ksid l=vd bvïysñ f.dùyq ù muKla fkdj fjk;a fNda. o jeùu werUQy' fuh yeu m%foaYhlu wdrïNùu;a iuÕ N+.; c,h wd¾:slfha fjkila lsrSug fya;=ldrl jkq olakg ,eìKs'
;dÌKh f.dùka fj<|fmd, iuÕ iïnJO lsrSug yd ksIamdokh
jdKsclrKh lsrSug iu;afjhs'j¾;udkfha ;j;a fjkialula isÿfjñka mj;S' cx.u ÿrl:k ;dÌKh .%dóh m%foaYj, jHdma; ùu iuÕ oeka f.dùkag fj<|fmdf,a w¿;au ñ, .Kka oek.ekSug yd ta wkqj ksIamdok fj<|fmd,g iemhSug flaj,a lsrSfï yelshdj ,eî we;' ÿrl:kfhka weu;Sfuka fyda ‘flá mKsjqv fiajfhka’ ^sms& f.dùkag is,a,r fyda f;d. fj<÷ka iuÕ fukau fld<U" kqjr" oUq,a, jeks úYd, wf,ú uOHia:dk iuÕ ksIamdok wf,úh ms<sn|j ie,iqï lr.; yel' f.dùka fuf,i fj<|fmd, ñ,.Kka ms<sn| w¿;au f;dr;=re j,ska
ikakoaOj isák fyhska f.dùkag jvd ld¾hÌu jQ ksIamdok jevigyka fukau wf,úh i|yd Tjqka u ixúOdk .;ùu jeks l<uKdlrK l%u wkq.ukh lsrSug yelshdj ,eî we;'
fuu kj ;dÌKsl fjkiùï fya;=fldg úh,s l,dmfha we;eï .ïudk úYd, f,i jdKsclrKhg ,laj we;'
wdodhï uÜgfï m%udKd;aulj jeäùu" ksjdi j, yd cSjk ;Fjfha jeäoshqKqj" mdie,a hk isiqka m%udKd;aulj jeäùu" fi!LH ;Fjh yd ldka;djkaf.a iudc ;Fjfha jQ idOkSh fjkialï jeks
lreAKq j,ska fuu ;dÌKh fya;=fldg we;sjQ ixj¾Okh ms<sìUq
fjhs'
fjkiaùï fya;=fldg we;sjk iudc iudkd;au;djh ì|jeàu yd whym;a mdrsirsl n,mEï jeks oE
hym;a ke;' wjdikdjlg fukau isÿj we;s we;eï fjkialï hym;a ke;' l,ska mej;shdg jvd iudc wd¾:sl jYfhka oeä f,i fuu .%dóh iudchka ia:rdhSlrKh ùu whym;a ,ÌKhla f,i oelaúh yel' fuu ;dÌKfha m%;s,dN fndfydaúg ,nd.; yelsù we;af;a hkaf;%damlrK yd fhojqï i|yd wdfhdackh lsrSug m%d.aOkh we;s .Dy tallhkagh' fuu fjkialï w;rska fnfyúkau wka;rdhldrS tlla f,i rch i;= bvï wkjirj w,a,d.ekSu iy rÌs; jeks fmdÿ foam, fm!oa.,sl foam, f,i w,a,d.ekSu i|yka l, yel' ÿmam;=ka yd bvï wysñ m%cd lKavdhï wdka;sl;djhg m;aùfï ;Fjhla o fï iuÕ ks¾udKhj we;' tuÕska iudc yd wd¾:sl iudkd;au;djh ì|jeàu" mrsirydhkh jeks .eg¿ we;sùu fuu ixj¾Okh yd iïnJOj meK k.sk .eg¿ iy.; ;;ajhkah'
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cd;Hka;r c, l<ukdlrK wdh;kh u.ska Y%s ,xldfõ flfrk m¾fhaIK lghq;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re c, mqj;a 6 jk l,dmh 7
Research Reports1. Eriyagama, N.; Smakhtin, V.; Chandrapala, L.; Fernando, K. 2010. Impacts
of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability mapping. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. (IWMI Research Report 135).
www.iwmi.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB135/RR135.pdf www.iwmi.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB135/RR135-High_res.pdf
Books2. Boelee, E.; Udukumbure, R.; Evans, A.; Drechsel, P. (Comps.). 2011. Sri
Lanka starter kit: water, sanitation and urban agriculture. 1 DVD.
Conference/Workshop Proceedings3. Evans, A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference
on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 174p.
www.iwmi.org/Publications/Other/PDF/SLWC_Volume-2-Latest.pdf
4. Jinapala, K.; de Silva, S.; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 162p.
www.iwmi.org/Publications/Other/PDF/SLWC_Vol_3_final-low.pdf
5. Weligamage, P.; Godaliyadda, G. G. A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 1. Irrigation for food security. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 160p.
www.iwmi.org/Publications/Other/PDF/SLWC_vol-1.pdf
Conference/Workshop - Papers Presented/Chapters6. Amarasinghe, U. A. 2010. Spatial variation of water supply and demand in
Sri Lanka. In: Jinapala, K.; de Silva, S.; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.19-33.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042803.pdf
7. Atapattu, S. S.; de Silva, S.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, S. 2010. Wetlands and agriculture: a case for integrated water resource management in Sri Lanka. In: Evans, A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.7-21.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042855.pdf
I n t e r n a t i o n a lWater ManagementI n s t i t u t e
8. Dissanayake, P.; Weragala, N.; Smakhtin, V. 2010. Environmental flow assessment: recent examples from Sri Lanka. In: Evans, A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.23-35.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042856.pdf
9. Eriyagama, N.; Smakhtin, V. 2010. Observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts and adaptation options for Sri Lanka: a review. In: Evans, A.; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.99-117.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042863.pdf
10. Eriyagama, N. 2010. Responding to climate change signals and impacts: the case of Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Regional Workshop on Strategic Assessment for Climate Change Adaptation in Natural Resource Management, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 8-11 June 2010. 2p.
11. Jinapala, K.; Premadasa, L.; Somaratne, P. G.; Samad, M. 2010. Managing irrigation jointly with farmers: history, present status and future: review of participatory irrigation management in Sri Lanka. In: Jinapala, K.; de Silva, S.; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.35-63.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042804.pdf
12. Matin, M. A.; Smakhtin, V.; Palliyaguruge, M. N.; Mohideen, S.; Yapa, N.; Alankara, R.; Gunasinghe, S.; Jayakody, P. 2010. Development of a water resources assessment and audit framework for Sri Lanka. In: Jinapala, K.; de Silva, S.; Aheeyar, M. M. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 3. Policies, institutions and data needs for water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.95-111.
http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042808.pdf
13. Prado, M. C. C. M.; Hiscock, K. M.; Rajasooriyar, L.; Boelee, E. 2010. Application of a combined hydrochemical and stable isotope approach to the study of the interaction between irrigation canal water and groundwater in southern Sri Lanka. [Abstract only]. In: International Symposium, Sustainable Agriculture for Prosperity, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, 16 November 2010. Proceedings, Part 1 - Keynote speeches and abstracts. Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka: University of Ruhuna. Faculty of Agriculture. pp.58.
Project Reports14. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2010. IWMI Sri Lanka Program
publications 1986-2010. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 63p. CD.
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