CDX of leynes

8/14/2019 CDX of leynes

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II. General and Specific Objectives

Goals

At the end of Primary Health Care II (community organization), the students will be able

to identify the family structure, socio economic and cultural characteristics, home and

environment, and the health status of each family member.

Specific Objectives

This study seeks to identify the health status of the community and help the community

people to become aware of the health related problems found based on the following

1. To be able to gather significant and sufficient data needed for study.

2. To be able to compare all the data gathered with the norms and standards.

3. To be able to measure the existing health condition of the community.

4. To be able to identify health related problems based on the gathered data and

with the assistance of the people in the community.

5. To be able to identify the different health problems in the community and

prioritize it.

6. To make the community people to become aware of the identified health

problems.

7. To be able to help the community people to comprehend the identified problems.


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8. To be able to assist the community people to alleviate or solve the existing

problems.


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III. Significance of the Study

To the people:

The people may be able to know the different health problems, nursing needs and nursing

problem within the community. This study may serve as a source of information of the people in

the community which may help contribute to the communitys knowledge about the health status

and level of well-being of the community. Upon knowing the current condition of the community,

they would be able to cooperate actively on any programs that will be proposed by the barangay

leaders.

To the community:

The community would be informed about the present condition of the community and

would therefore think of doing something about it. Taking actions will serve as a start for unifying

the entire community. Also, the health records of the community would be updated and can be

used for future references.

To the students:

The students would gain actual experience in the community on social interaction and

health care practice. This would improve their way of communicating with other people as well


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residents dont know anything about the history of the barangay and if there are people who

know about it, they were already very old.

V. Methodology

There were various techniques used in gathering all the data in Barangay Leynes,

Talisay Batangas. A06B27 assigned groups that have different methods in collecting these data

that explained as follows:

Ocular Survey (OS). A method used by the researcher to know the physical condition of the

community, its boundaries, its significant places and where they can be found by roaming

around the place and by observation. This was done last 19 th of December 2008 by the students

with the assistance of three barangay health workers.

Key Informant Interview (KII). This refers to an interview conducted to a knowledgeable person

on particular information that is needed by the researcher. The Key Informant Interview

Committee (KIIC) interviewed the barangay captain, councilors, and some of the elders in the

community last 16th

of December 2008.

Community Survey (CS). It refers to conducting survey in a certain district. The Community

Survey Tool is used as a guide in order to acquire the necessary information from a family. This

CST is approved to be used in the community.


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Records Review (RR). It refers to the collection of data from the list that is held by the leaders in

a particular place. Last 16th of December 2008, the RRC (Records Review Committee) were

able to get the records of Barangay Leynes for year 2007 and 2008, such as the total

population, number of families, number of child births and deaths, etc.

Focused Group Discussion (FGD). It is a collection of data that refers to a small conversation

about a certain topic between chosen groups of the community and the researcher. This was

held by the committee for FGD last 27th of January 2009. They interviewed groups of people

who have family members or who have hypertension, dengue, or amoebiasis.


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Vi. Operational Definition of Terms

Community- defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location; refers to a

group that is organised around common values and social cohesion within a shared

geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household

Household a social unit consisting of a person living alone or a group of persons who sleeps

in the same house. A household may consist of several families

Family group of persons usually living together and compose of the head and other person

related to the head by blood, marriage or adoption. Moreover, they are sharing same resources

(such as food, utilities, money and alike), social responsibilities and privileges. Two families

sharing one household but 1 decision makes is considered as 1 family, if both have a decision

maker, they are considered as 2 families.

Abandoned houses with no persons living there for 6 months already prior to the date of

surveying; marked with pink code stickers

Refused households that were not surveyed due to the following:

1. Those who rejected the surveyors and dont want to be part of the community survey

2. Owners of the houses who were not present at the time of surveying
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cohesionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Householdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cohesionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household


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- marked with orange code stickers

I. COMMUNITY AS A PEOPLE

A. Demographic Data

Head of the Family the primary decision maker in the family; or he/she could be the

recognized head by the family.

Complete Address - the exact place where the family resides

Length of Residency

a. Permanent 6 months and above of residency in the community

b. Transient 6 months below of residency in the community

Year Started of Residency the year when the family resides in the community

Place of Origin - the place where the head of the family came from

Ethnic Background- refers to selected cultural and sometimes physical characteristic learned to

classify people into groups or categories considered to be significantly different from others

Primary Spoken Dialect - dialect commonly used by the family

Relationship to the Head of the Family indicates the relationship of members to the head of

the family

Sex pertains to male or female

Age age as of last birthday

Civil status present civil status of every individual

a. Single individuals who are not or have never been married

b. Married individuals living with another person bound by legal rights

c. Common Law individuals living with another person without the benefit of a legal

marriage for more than 5 years

d. Widowed individuals whose spouse has died and has not remarried. Widow for female,


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widower for male

e. Separated/Divorced individuals whose marriage has been ended or terminated legally

f. Child individuals whose age is from 0-14 years old.

Religion - indicates the religious affiliation of every individual; Note: In case of children 0-14

years old, they assume the mothers religion as articulated in the family code of the Philippines.

a. Roman Catholic

b. Iglesia ni Cristo

c. Islam

d. Protestantism (Born Again)

e. Jehovahs Witness

f. 7th Day Adventist

Highest Educational Attainment refers only to the highest level completed in the regular and

formal system of education of every individual

a. Pre-elementary Graduate - an individual having graduated from preparatory school

b. Elementary Undergraduate - individuals who only studied until elementary level but did

not graduate

c. Elementary Graduate - an individual having graduated from elementary school

d. High School Undergraduate - individuals who only studied until secondary level but did

not graduate

e. High School Graduate - an individual having graduated high school

f. College Undergraduate - individuals who only studied until tertiary level but did not

graduate

g. College Graduate - an individual having graduated from a university or college

h. Vocational Graduate - an individual having graduated from a vocational school

i. No Formal Education - individuals having no formal education

j. Not Applicable - individuals who are not yet studying and presently studying at a


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preparatory school

Educational Status present status of education of every individual

a. Presently Studying - individuals who are presently studying

a. College

b. High School

c. Elementary

d. Pre-school

b. Stopped Studying - individuals who are not studying anymore

c. Not Applicable - individuals who are not yet studying from ages 0-6 years old

Out of school youth individuals whose age is from 7-20 years old who is currently stopped

studying

Type of Family Structure refers to what type of family structure a family belongs

a. Nuclear- a father, a mother with child/children living together but apart from both sets of

parents and another relative.

b. Extended- multi-generational, including married brothers and sisters and their families

c. Blended - a combination of two families with children from both families and sometimes

children of the newly married couple

d. Foster-substitute family for the children whose parents are unable to care for them

e. Single parent- divorces/separated, unmarried/widowed male or female with at least 1

child

f. Live-in - an unmarried couple living together

g. Dyad - husband and wife or other couple living together without children

h. Communal more than one family sharing resources in a household.

Type of Family Structure According to Authority it refers to a type of family structure whom

members of a family are dependent on the one who is making decisions for the whole family.


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a. Patriarchal full authority on the father or on any male member of the family

b. Matriarchal - full authority on the mother or on any female member of the family

c. Egalitarian husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and

mother decides

d. Patricentric the father decides/takes charge in the absence of the mother

e. Matricentric the mother decides/takes charge in the absence of the father

f. Laissez-faire full autonomy

Traditions and Celebrations events that the community people observed during the year

Transportation System vehicles used by the people within and outside the community

Communication System modes of communication owned and utilized within and outside

the community.

II. COMMUNITY AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM

B. Economic Aspect of the Community

Occupation - it refers to the actual work where a household member usually gets his income

Place of Occupation place where the person works whether inside or outside the barangay

a. Inside the Barangay

b. Outside the Barangay

c. Not Applicable - individuals who are not yet working with ages 0-14 years old and also

includes retirees

Type of Occupation indicates the nature of work or job the person engages in wherein he/she

gets his/her salary

Employment Status present status of employment of an individual

a. Employed those individuals who are working either regular or contractual


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(1) Regular permanently employed

(2) Contractual employed within the time of the validity of the contract

b. Self-employed those individuals having their own business

c. Unemployed those individuals who are not working

d. Retired those individuals who no longer active or withdrawn from work or occupation

and/or reached the retirement age which is 65 years old

e. Not Applicable - individuals who are not yet working with ages 0-14 years old and also

includes retirees

Individual Month Salary the amount of money that the individual earns for a month

Family Monthly Income total amount of money that the family earns for a month

Family Monthly Expenditure total amount of money that the family spends for a month

Prioritization of Expenditures resources where the family spends from the most to the least

concern

Other Sources of Income livelihood or other means of earning income of the family regardless

of the individual salary.

Adequacy of income compared to expenses this determines if the income of the family is

enough for their expenditures

Poverty level threshold the minimum income level below which a family is officially considered

to lack adequate subsistence and to be living in poverty

Resources Allotted to Health Care indicates where they can get their funds for health

a. Health Insurance

b. Phil Health

c. Savings

d. GSIS

e. SSS

f. Loans


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C. Political/Leadership Aspect of the Community

Recognized Leaders in the Community authorities who are known by the people or familiar

within their community

Implemented Programs in the Community - programs implemented by the officials of the

barangay for the community people

D. Environmental Aspect of the Community

1. Housing - shelters in which people live

a. Construction Materials materials used for the construction of the house

1. Light- bamboo, nipa, coconut leaves, sawali, etc.

2. Mixed- combination of light materials, wood or concrete.

3. Strong - predominantly concrete

4. Makeshift barong-barong; a combination of light materials, and metals having

a poor foundation or can be easily destroyed

b. House and Land Ownership - refers to the ownership of the house and land a family

is occupying

1. Owned - a family having the title of house and land either handed by their fore

parents or bought

2. Rent-free - a family who is occupying the house and land freely

3. Rented -a family who is occupying the house and land by renting it

4. Lease to Own - a family who is occupying the house and land and paying it by

instalment

2. Lighting Facilities - facilities used to illuminate the whole house

a. Electricity - electric current used or regarded as a source of power for lighting a

house


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b. Candle - a solid, usually cylindrical mass of tallow, wax, or other fatty substance

with an axially embedded wick that is burned to provide light

c. Kerosene - thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel in lamps,

and as a denaturant for alcohol.

d. None - no lighting facility

3. Ventilation means of providing currents of fresh air (for purifying, curing, refreshing)

and expelling stagnant or foul air

4. Adequacy of living space 1 individual : 6 square meters; Density of occupancy in terms

of floor area per person in a measure of the adequacy of housing .In line with the aim of

housing policy to provide adequate housing space to level consisted with the

maintenance of health of the occupants , it is important in planning to adopt housing

standards. The data on the floor area will provide planners information on the current

status of the density of occupancy of existing housing units in the country

5. Food Storage and Cooking Facility

a. Food Preparation - different ways of preparing foods whether cooked or raw

1. Fried - use of cooking oil and pan

2. Steamed - use of steamer or simply a covered pan

3. Grilled - use of a grilling facility whether electrical, use of charcoal or a liquefied

petroleum gas

4. Boiled - use of sauce pan with boiling water

5. Others - can be specified

b. Types of Food - specific foods that the family usually eats

1. Seafood - an edible fish or shellfish from the sea

2. Meat - the edible flesh of animals like pork, and beef

3. Vegetable - an edible part of plant that is used for human consumption and

usually eaten, cooked or raw


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A. Ownership - the right of possession to the toilet facility

a. Owned - belonging to the family

b. Public open for all the community people

c. Shared - used by 2-5 families within a household

d. Communal - shared by two or more households within the community

B. Types

a. Pail System- a pail or box used to receive the excreta and disposed later

when filled (includes ballot system where in excreta is wrapped in a piece of

paper/plastic and thrown later)

b. Open Pit Privy- consists of a pit covered by a platform with a hole; he hole is

usually covered; the platform may, it its simplest form consist only of two

pieces of wood or bamboo.

c. Closed Pit Privy a pit privy in which the hole over the platform or toilet floor

is provided with a cover.

d. Bored-hole Latrine consists of a deep (usually more than 10 feet) but

relatively narrow (less than 2 meters in diameter) hole made with boring

equipment.

e. Overhung Latrine toilet house is constructed over a body of water (stream,

lake, and river) in to which excreta to fall freely.

f. Antipolo-type toilet house is elevated and the shallow pit is extended

upwards to the platform (toilet floor) by means of a pipe made by metal, clay

and aluminum

g. Water-sealed Latrine an antipolo type of toilet, bored -hole latrine or any pit

privy were in water seal toilet bowl is placed instead of the simple platform

hole plus septic tank.


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h. Flush type a toilet system where waste is disposed by flashing water

through pipes into a public sewerage system or into an individual disposal

system like an individual septic tank; this includes pour-flush types

C. Distance of Toilet Facility from Water Source (Artesian Well)

a. Below 25 meters from the house

b. Above 25 meters from the house

c. Not Applicable - no artesian well

D. Septic Tank - a sealed settling chamber receiving all sewerage and sullage from a

dwelling

E. Sewage - human excreta diluted by water, often contains domestic water

7. Drainage system - a system of watercourses or drains for carrying off excess water

within the community

A. Types - refers to different kinds of drainage system the family and community have

a. Open Drainage System - waste water flows through a system of closed pipes

to an open pit or canal

b. Blind Drainage System - waste water flows through a system of closed pipes

to an underground pit or covered canal

c. No Drainage System waste water from pit flows directly to the ground, often

times forming a nearly permanent pool

B. Condition - refers to the current status of the drainage system

a. Stagnant - waste water that is not flowing throughout the drainage

b. Free flowing - waste water that is freely flowing throughout the drainage

c. Not applicable - associated with no drainage system

8. Water Source and Water Storage

A. Water Source - it is the raw point source of water


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B. Household Water water used for household purposes: bathing, washing clothes

and dishes

C. Drinking Water water used for drinking

D. Sources of Household Water - the raw point source of household water

a. River - a natural stream of fresh water flowing along a definite course into a

lake

b. Well a deep hole or shaft sunk into the earth to obtain water

c. Rain water - water that has fallen from the clouds in rain

d. Streams a flow of water in a channel or bed, as a brook, rivulet, or small

river

e. Spring - a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth

f. Artesian Well -

g. Local Water District water comes from a local water utility owned by the

government or by the private sector with water pipes leading to its consumers

E. Sources of Drinking Water - the main source of drinking water

a. River - a natural stream of fresh water flowing along a definite course into a

lake

b. Well a deep hole or shaft sunk into the earth to obtain water

c. Rain water - water that has fallen from the clouds in rain

d. Streams a flow of water in a channel or bed, as a brook, rivulet, or small

river

e. Spring - a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth

f. Commercially Prepared Water water that undergone different stages of

purification, filtration, oxidation and distillation that was commercially

g. Artesian Well -

F. Storage Facilities - containers used to store water used by the family


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a. Jar - a container made of clay which has a faucet in front of it.

b. Drum - a huge cylindrical storage of water which is made of plastic

c. Bottle - a container made of plastic which is usually used for mineral/ distilled

water storage.

d. Plastic Container - a durable container made up of plastic

e. Glass Container - a container made up of glass like glass pitcher

f. Water tank - made of metal which is usually found behind or beside a house.

g. Water dispense - a container where gallons of water was placed for easy

pouring

Covered - to protect water which is prone to contamination, lessen

the incidence of contamination

Uncovered - water that is prone to contamination

G. Methods commonly used for sanitizing water - refers to ways

a. Boiling - water that be used for drinking should be boiled 15 minutes to kill all

vegetative bacteria, most viruses and fungi.

b. Sedimentation the process where impurities are allowed to settle at the

bottom of a clear clean container, avoiding turbulence.

c. Filtration process done before boiling for disinfecting.

d. Buying Commercially Prepared Water water that undergone different

stages of purification, filtration, oxidation and distillation that was

commercially

9. Refuse/Garbage Disposal System

A. Refuse refers to solid/semi solid waste materials other than human excreta or

waste

B. Garbage - wastes produced from the kitchen; it has a tendency to give a foul


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odor

C. Types of Waste Disposal - refers to different methods of refuse and garbage

disposal

a. Animal feeding - leftover foods that can be used for feeding of pigs, chicken, and

other livestock

b. Garbage collection - collection of refuse/garbage by a garbage truck

c. Open dumping - garbage piled in a dumping place with or without a soil covering

d. Open burning - this is uncontrolled burning which is usually done for yard and

street sweeping

e. Composting - involves buying or stacking alternating layers of organic based

refuse/garbage and treated soil arranged as to hasten rapid decay and

decomposition into compost. This organic mixture can be use as fertilizer.

f. Burial in pit - in the method, solid wastes produced by members of the household

each day are deposited in pits and covered with soil and preferably with a pit

cover at the end of the day, to prevent excavation of buried materials by animals

D. Containers - it is where the refuse and garbage are temporarily placed

a. Garbage bag/Sack - a loose container usually made up of plastic

b. Box - a carton where garbage is usually place in and serves as an improvised

trash bin

c. Trash Can - a container made up of plastic or metal with and without cover

10. Breeding Sites and Control of Vectors

A. Types - refers to different types of vectors present in each house in the

community

a. Mosquitoes - transmits agents of disease such as malaria, filariasis,

yellow fever and dengue. Pestiferous mosquitoes cause annoyance and


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discomfort to the people.

b. Flies - certain species have certain habits. Some adult flies suck blood,

their bites causing possible irritations to both man and domestic animals. Some

act as disease vectors either by polluting food after coming in contact with feces

contaminating mucus membrane after landing on festering sores or by injecting

saliva. Flies are produced in almost any organic material under conditions

suitable for their development.

c. Cockroaches - are capable of spreading germs mechanically. They are

objectionable pests in the household and in food establishment. Roaches spoil

food with their mere presence, leaving behind roachy odors and particles of filth.

d. Rodents - are potential carriers of human and animal diseases. They are

infected with fleas, ticks, mites, and biting lice which can transmit diseases such

as bubonic plague; pneumonic plague, tularemia, leptospirosis, rabies, and

capillariasis. Rats annoy people, steal or contaminate food and leave in infected

places reeking of the fecal wastes and urine

B. Control measures - ways of controlling or minimizing the presence and diseases

brought about by vectors within a house in the communnity

a. Smashing - a physical way of killing vectors with the use of human hands

and nets whether electrical or manual

b. Insecticides - chemical solutions used to kill vectors the fastest way

c. Defogging a method that completely fills an area with gaseous

pesticides (or fumigants) to suffocate or poison the vectors within

d. Mousetrap - a mechanical device usually used for controlling the number

of mice in a house

e. Poison - products usually associated with chemicals that can easily kill

vectors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide


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g. Family closest relatives of a person in relation to blood and kinship

h. Relative any person related to a person in relation to blood and kinship

i. BHW - health care workers responsible for the health of a certain community

2. Medications taken during illness-during the course of illness

a. Prescribed medicine- to claim a title or something by right of prescription; assert a

prescriptive right to claim.

b. Herbal medicine - preparations made up of herbal plants

c. Over the counter/Self-medication - drugs bought without prescription and can be

taken orally

3. Community health programs

Awareness - community health programs that are known to the people

Utilization - community health programs that are utilized by the community people

a. Free Vaccination this action is taken to promote health and protect children from

disease-causing agents; is administered to induced immunity.

b. Free Consultation - this service allows people to monitor their health. All members of

the family are empowered to maintain health status. They must be free from

diseases or infinity with no disabilities

c. Dental Check-ups - it aims to provide care for the oral health of the people

d. Prenatal check up is an important service that helps protect the mother, fetus and

newborn

e. Well-Baby Clinic - its main goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality rates for the

children 0-9 years with the strategies necessary for program intervention

f. Others - can be specified


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4. Healthy and Unhealthy Lifestyle Family Health Practices - practiced and unpracticed by

the family; it indicates if they are satisfied or having difficulties dealing with it

5. Risk Factor Assessment - the overall process of identifying all the risks and assessing

the potential impact of each risk

A. Hereditary Illnesses - diseases found throughout the family history and are capable

of handling possibilities that it will be passed to different generations within the family

B. Smoking - the act of smoking tobacco

Frequency - refers to the number of cigarettes a person consumed everyday

C. Alcoholism - an addiction to alcohol, especially involving compulsive, excessive

consumption

Frequency - refers to the number of bottles of alcohol a person consumed per

occasion

D. Central Obesity also known as 'apple-shaped' or 'masculine' obesity; is when the

main deposits ofadipose tissue are localised around the abdomen and the upper

body

BMI - an acronym for Body Mass Index; it is a good estimate of the degree of

obesity or amount of total body fat; it also helps to determine how much risk people

have of developing certain health problems because of their weight; it is computed

by weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

Remarks - refers to the interpretation of BMI Values: IOTF Asia Pacific

Guidelines

1. Underweight - 18.5 - 22.5

3. Overweight - > 23.0

4. At risk - 23-24.9


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5. Obese I - 25-29.9

6. Obese II - > 30

E. Blood Pressure Measurement - the simplest measure and the cornerstone of

determining the presence of hypertension with individuals ages 18 years old and

above

Remarks - refers to the classification of Blood Pressure from Kozier

1. Normal - systolic: 100

6. Family Planning - people planning when to have children, and the use of birth control

and other techniques to implement such plans; - only applicable to couples 18 to 45

years old

A.

1. Acceptor - individuals receiving service and/or advice from a family planning

program.

2. Non-acceptor - individuals who do not use any method of family planning

B. Methods of Family Planning

1. Natural - refers to a variety of methods used to plan or prevent pregnancy, based on

identifying the woman's fertile days; it is also known as fertility awareness-based

methods

a. Rhythm Method - a method of contraception in which sexual intercourse is

avoided at the times when a woman is most likely to conceive


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b. Withdrawal withdrawal or the pull out method, is a method of contraception in

which, during sexual intercourse, the penis is removed from the vagina prior to

ejaculation, primarily to avoid entering semen into the vagina.

c. Abstinence the practice of voluntarily refraining from sexual intercourse.

d. Basal Body Temperature the temperature of the woman is being measured

every day before doing anything. The temperature rises slightly around the time

of ovulation, finding the sustained spike in the core temperature will alert you as

to when you are most fertile during the monthly cycle.

e. Cervical Mucous Method this refers to the observation of the cervical mucous

to know whether the woman is fertile or not. The mucous is sticky, clear and

thick when the woman is fertile.

f. LAM (Lactated Amenorrhea Method) a method of pregnancy prevention where

a woman breastfeeds a certain way to keep from getting pregnant. This only

works for up to 6 months after the baby is born.

g. Calendar method - the calendar method predicts the day of ovulation by means

of a formula based on the menstrual pattern recorded over a period of several

months. Ovulation ordinarily occurs 14 days before the first day of the next

menstrual period.

2. Artificial -

a. Pills these are medicines that are being taken by the woman to prevent

pregnancy. The pills contain certain stimulators which thicken the walls of the

vagina, thus, making the penetration of the sperm in the vagina more difficult.

b. Injectibles these are medicines that are being taken by the woman prevent

pregnancy. Likewise with the pills, it makes the penetration of the sperm more


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difficult.

c. Condom this is a rubber, flexible material used to worn to the penis to catch

the sperms and prevent it from going into the vagina.

d. IUD (Intrauterine Devices) a T-shaped device that is inserted into the womans

vagina to change the shape of the uterus and prevents the sperm from meeting

the egg cell.

3. Permanent

a. Tubal Ligation is a way of controlling the births in which the fallopian tubes are

being cut to prevent passage of the egg cell from the ovaries to the uterus.

b. Vasectomy the vas deference is being cut to prevent passage of the sperm

cells from the scrotum into the vagina.

7. Breast Feeding Program its ultimate concern is about Realizing optimal maternal and

child health nutrition

a. Breast Feeding - process of feeding an infant with milk directly from the breast

b. Breast milk - milk produced by the human breast which is fed to an infant

c. Formula milk - a prepared liquid food for infants, containing most of the nutrients

in human milk; protein in the formula is typically supplied as whey, soy, or cow's

milk base

d. Mixed - a combination of breast feeding and formula feeding

e. Others - can be specified

8. Maternal Care - for women who are presently pregnant


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a. Pre-natal check-up it will predict, prevent and detect maternal and fetal

complications during pregnancy; this is necessary because 15% of the pregnancies will have

significant complications where treatments and interventions will be needed

b. Age of Gestation a common method of calculating gestational age starts counting

either from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) or from 14 days before

conception (fertilization). Counting from the first day of the LMP involves the assumption that

conception occurred 14 days later. If the day of conception is known, the 14th day before

conception is used in place of the LMP

c. Expected Date of Delivery - also known as Naegeles Rule created by Franz Carl

Naegele; it estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) (also called EDC, for estimated date

of confinement) from the first day of the woman's Last menstrual period (LMP) by adding a

year, subtracting three months and adding seven days to that date.; this approximates to the

average normal human pregnancy which lasts 40 weeks (280 days) from the LMP, or 38 weeks

(266 days) from the date of fertilization

d. Tetanus Toxoid Immunization a type of important that protects both mother and the

baby against tetanus (lockjaw)

9. Immunization Status - determines if the individuals, who are 0-12 months old, are fully

immunized or not.

Age in months - the actual age of the child

BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Gurin (antituberculosis vaccine)

DPT - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus Vaccine

OPV - Oral Polio Vaccine (Polio Free)

HPV - Hepatitis B Vaccine (Reduces the chance of being infected; Prevent liver cirrhosis

and liver cancer)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_period


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AMV - Measles Vaccine

Incomplete - 1 dose only of DPT, OPV and HPV were acquired

Complete - 2-3 doses of each DPT, OPV and HPV were acquired

Fully Immunized - all of the vaccines where received

Not Fully Immunized - not all the vaccines where received

None - no vaccine received

10. Nutritional status of the target age group (0-84 months/0-7 years old)

Date of weighing- the day when the child was last weighed

Age in months - the actual age of the child on the date weighed and measured the height

Weight- the weight of a person's body measured in kilograms

Status - determines the present weight status of the child based on the FNRI's Weight-

for-Age:

1. Below Normal - the weight is greater than the required weight for age

2. Normal - the weight is within the range of the required weight for age

3. Above Normal - the weight is lesser than the required weight for age

Height - the distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface

and fully extended measured in centimeters then converted to meters

Status - determines the present height status of the child based on the FNRI's Height-

for-Age:

1. Tall - the height is greater than the required height for age

2. Normal - the height is within the range of the required height for age


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3. Short - the height is lesser than the required height for age

11. Morbidity - individuals in the community having diseases from January 2008 to December

2008

Age- actual age of the person when he has the disease

Illness - disease

Health Intervention- medications taken by the person who has the disease:

1. Hospitalized

2. Went to the doctor for check-up and prescription

3. Self-medication/Over the counter drugs

4. Went to a quack doctor (albularyo)

5. None

Result- these are the outcomes of health intervention:

1. Cured or treated- the disease has been treated and the intervention is successful.

2. Healing- the person is currently undergoing the health intervention

3. Not cured - the disease has not been treated

12. Mortality- the person who died within the family from January 2007 to January 2008.

Name - name of the person died

Age - actual age of the person when he/she died

Sex - the gender of the person died

Cause of death- the reason why the person died


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VII. Brief Background of the Community

A. Communitys Name and Location

The subject of this study is Barangay Leynes, Talisay Batangas. The total land area of

Barangay Leynes is 59.055 hectares.

The boundaries of Barangay Leynes are Barangay Caloocan which is located in North,

Barangay Sampaloc in South, Tagaytay in West, and Taal Lake in East. Barangay Leynes is

also surrounded by a few mountains. The significant landmarks that we can see inside

Barangay Leynes are the church which is located beside the Barangay Hall and also one of the

significant landmarks, the basketball court where they spent their recreational activities, the

elementary school which is located near the basketball court and near the entrance of the

Barangay are resorts, and a few street lights which provide light to their community, a river

which is located in the entrance of barangay and extends to Taal lake, a highway which is the

main road in their barangay and the bridge that separates Barangay Leynes from Barangay

Caloocan.

Barangay Leynes is described as a peaceful and quiet community. The people there are

friendly and hospitable and they live a simple life, most of them have their own plant nurseries


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and have other people in their community work for them. When it comes to transportation

system, they are using tricycle and jeepneys.

B. History of Barangay Leynes

Barangay Leynes is one of the 21 barangays of Talisay, Batangas. It is located south of

Talisay, belonging to the 3rd district of Batangas. It has a total land area of 59.055 hectares and

is headed by Brgy. Chairman Gerardo Popoy Magsino.

Originally, Brgy. Leynes and two other neighboring barangays namely Caloocan and

Sampaloc are considered as one barangay only during the Spanish era. The Barangay was

named from Caloocan Sampaloc and Leynes that were considered sitios of the said barangay.

At that time, the barangay captain was referred to as Tinyente Del Barrio and all their duties

and responsibilities were given to him alone. During Ramon Magsaysays regime (1907-1957),

a proclamation was announced that if the sitios would have 100 households, it is already

considered as a barangay. Thus, it is the start of separation of the three barangays namely,

Caloocan, Leynes, and Sampaloc.

Many residents believe that the barangay was named after Leynes, a giant whose

footprints were found on two resorts which are the Rockport and Bakirin Resort. Leynes is a

powerful creature and was considered the boss of the place. It was believed that all the stuff he


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the members of the community, and also with the help of the barangay health secretary for the

announcements. They also use telegram for other communication purposes.

Transportation System

The primary means of transportation that theyre using are tricycles and jeepneys. And

theres a policy that the barangay imposes for the drivers and all of these are followed for the

sake of the motorists.

Garbage Disposal System

Open dumping is their way of garbage disposal. The barangay have ordinance about

proper garbage disposal even though they dont have their own dumpsite, they do follow about

the disposal of the garbage. The methods of burning that they use is to burn it in burial pit.

Awareness and utilization of health programs in the community

They do not have their own health center, so they consulted on other barangay health

center near them that do have heath service. They do have barangay health workers but they

just serve as the guidance of the people if they just serve as the guidance of the people if they

are sick.

Categories of health manpower available

There are no specialists in their barangay and their doctor is insufficient in number for

them to be facilitated on their health and seminars are not conducted for them.

Distribution of health power according to health facilities

The barangay provide the needs of the member of the community in terms of giving

financial support for those who are in need because it is their tradition. The service of hospital of


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Leynes is high-quality. They do not have other health service because they do not have health

center.

Lighting Facilities

They only have few street lights in the street in the whole community.

Areas that contribute to vector problems

The place where they disposed their garbage and the canals that are stagnant are

infested by insects that bring disease because of that barangay take action in terms of problem

in insects, such as fumigation and regular cleaning of environment.

Types of industries associated with health hazards

There are no factories and other structures that might contribute air pollution in the

barangay.

Climate

The climate that the people experience in the community is sometimes is hot and cold

because of the climate change; lots of people get sick that affects their health.

Terrain Characteristics that poses hazards

The places which is not safe for the people is the way going to Tagaytay because of that

they take good care of the safety of the people especially for the children through mobilizing

every night.

Presence of air and water pollution


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The barangay doesnt experience any problem recycling air pollution. In water, the cages

in Taal Lake in which the fishes such tilapia served as sanctuary. it causes big effect on water

and tourism of barangay.

Power Structure

About the governance of barangay chairman, one of his councilor cant say anything

about the barangay chairman, because they believed that all of the responsibility and duties are

all well-done by the barangay captain.


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C. Description of the Community

Gerardo Popoy Magsino

Brgy. Chairman

Anthony Atienza

Brgy. Secretary

Gervacio Amigo

Brgy. Treasurer

Rommel Nepomuceno

Eugenia Villanueva

Laila Marasigan

Katherine Cruz

Suzette Causarin

Brgy. Health Workers

Arnold Mendoza

Agapito Atienza

Lito Matienzo

Rodolfo Sigue

Abner de Ocampo

Armando de Sagun

Cesar Caringal

Brgy. Councilors

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

OF

BRGY. LEYNES, TALISAY, BATANGAS

Lester Manalo

SK Chairman


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Soil Type

There are generally two types of soil area. The TAAL LOAM found along the lakeshore

areas and the TAGAYTAY LAOM in the steeper terrains. They are generally characterized as

having considerable amount of VOLCANIC EJECTA.

Climate

The barangay experience wet and dry seasons along with the other barangays within the

municipality of Talisay. Wet or rainy season usually occurs during the months of May until

November, whereas, it is hot or dry season the rest of the year, with the months of March, April

as the hottest period. December to February are considered as the coldest period and

temperature during this cool period averaged about 25-28 C. Hottest months usually register

an average of about 33-35 C.


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SANITATION INVENTORY

PROVINCE OF BATANGAS

As of 2007

City Municipality/Barangay Population

NSO Count

2007

Number of

Households

2007

Households with

Sanitary Toilets

Households with

Unsanitary

Toilets

Leynes 1,364 296 287 9

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

CY 2007

Barangay Type No. of Barangays Covered

Leynes Open Lined Canal

(Stone Masonry/Earth)

1

Data Source: Municipal Engineering Office, Talisay, Batangas


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VIII. Demographic Data

TABLE # 1.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Total Households in

Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Households Frequency Percentage

Households Surveyed 243 79.15%

Households not Surveyed 45 14.66%

Abandoned Households 19 6.19%

Total 307 100.00%


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According to the spot map surveyors, there are a total of 307 households in the

community but based on the records review the total households in Brgy. Leynes as of January

2008 is 296. Out of these, the total households surveyed are 243 or 79.15%, 14.66% or 45

households are not surveyed and the remaining 6.19% or 19 households are abandoned.

TABLE # 2.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Total Population in Brgy.

Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Population Frequency Percentage

Population Surveyed 1,114 73.24%

Population not Surveyed 407 26.76%

Total 1,521 100.00%


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Analysis

Brgy. Leynes has a low birth rate that indicates the low percentage of 0-14 yrs old due to

utilization of family planning. Majority of the population ages 15-64 yrs. old which are in the

working age bracket. This shows that most of the population are contributor to their community

and may or may not be in the employment sector.

Health Implication

There are 106 children whose ages ranges from 0-5 yrs. old. This is the stage when

their immune system is at weakest. Vaccination is crucial to protect the children from various

infectious diseases prevalent in their area. Having a low percentage whose ages ranges from

0-14 yrs. old can have a proper guidance of their parents. Without the guidance, they tend to

stray and forced to experiment to fill the needs of proper direction. Communication is a very

important part of any good relationship. This is especially through for the relationship between

parents and their children.

Source: DOH

Type of pyramid

The population pyramid of Brgy. Leynes can be classified as type 2 as evidence of

minimal number of infant or ages ranges 0-14. The median age of this 24, which is, low that

shows that the population is young in addition to high fertility rate.


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Vital Statistics

A. Sex Ratio

SR= number of male x 100

number of female

= 565 x 100

549

= 103

Interpretation

According to the survey conducted, there are 103 males for every 100 females in the

population of Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009.

Analysis

Number of males is higher than the number of females. This result indicates that the

males are more dominant than the females and they are the one who are working. Females

tend solely to the family while the males are out to provide for their monetary requirements.

Knowing the sex composition of the community helps us to decide who among the population

groups merit attention in terms of health services and programs as well as addressing the

possible health concerns in the future.

Health Implication

The relationship between males and females is highly interdependent, and changes in

one may influence the other. Males have evolved, in a large part in order to adjust to the

changes made by females. Married women are now working outside the home and these has

resulted this has resulted in husbands adjusting their own behaviour in the home and with


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children. The males are now sharing more of the responsibilities of taking care of the home and

their kids.

Source: DOH

B. Crude Birth Rate

CBR= Number of live births x 100

Total population

= 30 x 1000

1114

= 26.92 ~ 27

Interpretation

There are 27 births per 1000 population.

Analysis

The crude birth rate of Barangay Leynes, Talisay, Batangas is 27 live births in the

barangay as of 2009. Low birth rate can be influenced by the utilization of family planning

methods where more women ages 15-44 practice family planning and also being employed.

Health Implication

There are 27 births in every 1000 population. This is an implication that the population of

Barangay Leynes is not that high. Population is still controlled in the community. Fertility is not a

threat in the barangay. Through this we can say that poverty incidence is not high due to not

being over populated.

Source: DOH


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C. General Fertility Rate

GFR= number of live births x 1000

Women (15-44)

= 30 x 100

273

= 10.9 ~ 11

Interpretation

There are 11 births per 100 women ages 15-44.

Analysis

There are a low number of fertility rates because most of the family are practicing family

planning that shows low fertility rates which means fewer babies to feed and less malnutrition if

the availability of food keeps pace. Healthy mothers living under marginal economic conditions

have a low rate of fetal loss.

Health Implication

Low fertility rate will lead to a low population rate. The change of the pattern of total

fertility rate has important consequences for the health sector. A decrease in birth will reduces

the need for obstetrical care, immunization and other maternal and child health interventions.

This leads to a low risk of malnutrition of children.

Source: DOH.

D. Crude Death Rate

CDR = 21 X 1000


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1114

= 18.95 ~19

Interpretation

The crude death rate which is 19 deaths per 1000 population shows that the Barangay

has a very small number of mortality.

Analysis

The crude death rate of Barangay Leynes, Talisay, Batangas is 2. In the community

survey, there are 21 deaths as of January 2009. The major cause of death in the barangay is

Cardiovascular Diseases. The incident of this disease can be related to modifiable risk factors

include cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (high blood pressure).

Health Implication

Death rates are greatly affected by the socio-economic/demographic composition of the

population at risk. Specifically, death rates have been shown to vary by age, race, gender,

occupation, education and income levels of the population. Death rates are most greatly

impacted by the age distribution of the population. The overall death rate and the death rates

from most causes will be higher in populations with a greater proportion of persons in the older

age groups than in population with relatively large proportion of younger people. Thus,

comparisons of crude or unadjusted death rates among groups or overtime may be misleading if

the age distributions of the population at risk are different. For this reason, death rates intended

for sure as trend data r for comparison among groups are usually adjusted or standardized to

remove the effect of the differences in age distribution over time or by place.

Source: http//:www.wikipedia.com


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E. Median Age

Lme lower boundary of the median class

Cfb cumulative frequency immediately below n/2

Fme frequency of the median class

Cme size of the median class

Me = Lme +

19.5 + [557 459] 5

118

Me = 23.65~24

Interpretation

The median age of the respondents whose ages are 0-70 years old is 24 yrs old.

Analysis

There are a higher number of elderly populations which means that there is a productive

population of Barangay Leynes. The dependency ratio is 52 meaning there are more

economically productive people than dependents and a high percentage of the productive

people came from ages 15- 24.

Health Implication

The median age also represent the productive population of Brgy. Leynes, thus the

barangay has a population which is not young. It means that there is lesser number of

dependent people in the community and there is more people earning income.

Source: DOH


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F. Dependency Ratio

Data:

0-14 years old= 317

15-64 years old= 735

65 and above= 62

Solution:

DR = 317 + 62 x 100

735

= 51.6 - 52

Interpretation

Data shows, for every 100 economically independent age groups economically

dependent age had to support 52 groups or a ratio of 2 independent versus 1 dependent.

Analysis

There is high ratio of economically-productive individuals versus dependents. This fact

can be seen in the population pyramid in the area of the population within 25 y/o 29 y/o. The

community then has mostly young economically-productive individuals.

HealthImplicationFor many established rural communities, people of the middle or working ages may

leave to seek jobs elsewhere, and this takes a bite out of the pyramid in the middle categories.

This may be less on the left side than the right side if more men migrate than women. If they

leave their children to be raised by the grandparents, then the bottom categories will be wider,

and this contributes to the dependency ratio of the sending community.

Source:www.wikipedia.com


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G. Natural Increase

Number of births - Number of deaths

= 30-21

= 9

Interpretation

There are 9 individuals added to the population per year.

Analysis

There are 9 individuals added to the population of Brgy. Leynes which shows that there

is low birth rate which is 3 births out of 100.

Health Implication

The population growth rate presents serious challenge to the delivery of health services.

There is a need to secure continuous investment in basic health services. Low natural increase

will lead to a low population rate and the community can focus on the health condition of the

community particularly the children because of the high susceptibility to diseases

Source: DOH


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H. Rate of Natural Increase

Crude birth rate-crude death rate

=27-19

= 8

Interpretation

There are 8 individuals added to the population per 1000 individuals.

Analysis

There are 8 individuals added to the population per 1000 individuals which indicate that

there is a slow increase in the population Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas. Slow increase in

population will not lead to shortage of food and income.

Health Implication

Population growth has had, and at present continues to have, a severe impact on our

environment. In fact, it has been said that this growth rate is the primary environmental

challenge we face, even though it is much ignored.

Slow increase in population will not lead to hunger crisis, the resources are equally

distributedand there will be no scarcity of resources.


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I. Description of Causes and Effects

The sex ration indicates that there are103 males for every 100 females, which can be

explained by the kind of work men, are engaged into. Since they are most of the time out and

working for the family, they are very much prone and susceptible to communicable diseases

and accidents.

The general fertility rate is 11. This low fertility rate in the community can be due to the

utilization of family planning. The High General Fertility Rate of the barangay gives an

impression that there is really a possible increase in population since there are more women

within the childbearing age. If many families will not utilize family planning, a possible marked

increase in the barangay population can be foreseen.

If the Crude Birth is higher than the Crude Death, an increase in the population can be

later foreseen or expected, which may ultimately lead to overpopulation. If there is

overpopulation in the barangay, the efficiency and effectiveness of the health programs can be

affected since there will be more people in need of the service and especially if there is

inadequate resources. If population is properly controlled, better distribution of health programs,

and allocation of resources and manpower can likely happen, which result to better health

status of the community people.


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TABLE # 4.Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Family Structure

in Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Family Structure Frequency Percentage

Nuclear 149 61.32

Extended 71 29.22

Others 12 4.94

Single Parent 11 4.53Total 243 100.00

Interpretation

The nuclear type of family has the biggest frequency when it comes to the type of family

structure, it corresponds 61% or 149 families. While the least number of frequency is the single

parent type of family that has 4.5% or 11 out of 243 families.

Analysis

There is a big number of families that belongs to a nuclear type of family, the Primary

reason behind it is that most of the familys other relatives lives within their neighbourhood, and

also resides in Batangas having their own house and land. Furthermore, there is small number


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of elderly individuals in the barangay, which signifies that there is a little number of families that

has an extended type of family structure.

Health Implications

Filipinos are generally recognized to keep the closeness of the extended clan members

for the reason that it provides security or protection to each member. In addition, the extended

family relation is more on companionship and socialization with one another where one is not

isolated with his or her problems. This typical case among Filipinos in an extended type of

family, however this kind of family causes its member to receive small amount of resources due

to the big number of members in the family. The needed or required amount of nourishment is

not fully addressed since he family is constrained to what ever is available with in its financial

limits. Also, the function of guiding the young becomes ambiguous as the function or duties of

each member are not distinguished.

Although our culture dictates that family should stick together in terms of hardship and

triumphs, in a family belonging to a depressed country, a nuclear family has a better chance of

satisfying its basic needs. This is due to the certainty that resources are limited to its immediate

family members only. Generally, a nuclear type of family is a smaller unit than the extended

family.

Source: DOH

TABLE # 5.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Family Type According to Authority in

Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Types of Family According to Frequency Percentage


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Authority

Patriarchal 118 48.56

Egalitarian 57 23.46

Matriarchal 54 22.22

Laissez-faire 12 4.94

Patricentric 1 0.41

Matricentric 1 0.41

Total 243 100.00


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Interpretation

Majority of the type of family structure according to authority in the barangay is

Patriarchal, which corresponds to 49% or 118 households. Meanwhile, the minority is composed

of both Matricentric & Patricentric that both correspond to .41% or 1 out of 243 households

Analysis

Most of the fathers of the families dominate mainly in the decision-making and that is

why the highest percentage of the type of family structure according to authority in the barangay

is Patriarchal. While Matricentric & Patricentric become the lowest among the categories

because only 1 out of 243 families.

Health Implication

Patriarchal is the most popular type of family structure in the Barangay. Due to the

thinking that most men are dominant than women and also men has the larger population than

women. And that in a patriarchal setting children are more likely to listen to their father

especially when discipline is one of the concerns. They defined the childrens obedience as fear

to their father of being mad if they do the things which are not allowed to do, so in return they

tend to do all the thing that they are allowed and avoid he things which they are not allowed.

Source: www.wikipedia.en.org
http://www.wikipedia.en.org/http://www.wikipedia.en.org/


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TABLE # 6.

Frequency and Distribution of Civil Status in Brgy. Leynes, Talisay,

Batangas as of January 2009Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Married 449 40.31

Child 323 28.99

Single 261 23.43

Widowed 43 3.86

Common Law 28 2.51

Seperated/Divorced 10 0.90

Total 1114 100.00


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Interpretation

There is about 40.31% or 449 out of 1114 residents that are already married. Minority of

the residents are Separated or Divorced, which corresponds to .9% or 10 out of 1114

individuals.

Analysis

There are high percentage of married individuals because we can associate it with their

common attitude that if they get tired of living a life of a student, they will decide to stop studying

and getting married early as when they first feel that they are in love. It is because of insufficient

knowledge of the consequences regarding marriage.

Health Implications

The 12-19 years olds hold the hope of the community in the short run, being eligible to

be in the job market soon. They are, however, in the adolescent stage where they begin

exploring their sexual selves. Appropriate role models and good examples are what are needed

during this time. Proper guidance must also be devoted to the 2-5 years old, the are the ones

who will sustain the community soon after. Here, proper physical and mental development is

emphasized.

The average size in the community is 4-5 persons in a family. The small group of widows and

single parents would find a hard time keeping up the expenses in the house due to the absence

of the partner. The married couples, on the other hand, have the potential for monetary support

from their spouses. Though, the high percentage of females unemployed were results in either

early pregnancy, lack of proper education and increased competition in the job market.

Source: DOH


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TABLE # 7.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Religion in Brgy.

Keynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Religion Frequency Percentage

Roman Catholic 1078 96.77Protestantism 23 2.06

Jehova's Witness 6 0.54

Iglesia ni Cristo 5 0.45

Others 2 0.18

Total 1114 100.00


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Interpretation

The graph portrays the populations high percentage of about 97% or 1078 out of 1114

individuals are considered to be a Roman Catholics. and 0.2% or 2 individuals has iglesia ni

cristo as their religion.

Analysis

Most of the people that are residing in the barangay are Roman Catholics; primarily it is

because Roman Catholicism is prevalent in the Philippines. And as a custom, the values and

learning of your forefather will more likely be pass from one generation to the next generation.

Health Implication

Faith or religion influences lifestyle, health attitude, practice and ones general outlook in life.

The table the majority of respondents are Roman Catholic who has the same beliefs and

practices. Hence, they go along harmoniously and have no religious conflict. The health care

provider therefore must respect clients religious beliefs/ practices and plan a care according to

what the client practice or believe in because oftentimes, peoples response to health care Is

determined by their religious belief.

Source: DOH


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Analysis

Having a high percentage of permanent residents is due to the fact that long ago the

forefathers of the residents has already settled in here and that makes them natives of the

barangay.

Health Implication

It is more advantageous to permanent residents for the reason that they can fully utilized

the facilities inside the community. Unlike families who are still new in the place, they are not yet

aware of the important locations in the vicinity.

In the relation to health, there is a relative influence of environment and disease. Where a man

lives may be the greatest influence on his health. In this situation, the longer the families

staying in an unhealthy environment the more susceptible they are to health problems of the

community. The community is affected by several factors due to their location. They are situated

near the airport and experience noise pollution and respiratory problem. The creek that is

situated alongside the community is polluted and could lead to contamination. The presence of

aircraft urinal dumping area makes it a breeding ground for mosquitoes: hence, increase

likelihood of disease.

Source: DOH


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Table # 9.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Place

of Origin in Brgy. Leynes, Talisay,

Batangas as of January 2009

Place of Origin Frequency Percentage

Batangas 193 79.42

Metro Manila 8 3.29

Laguna 7 2.88

Cavite 6 2.47

Bicol 4 1.65

Quezon 3 1.23

Samar 3 1.23

Nueva Ecija 3 1.23

Mindoro 3 1.23

Rizal 2 0.82Pangasinan 2 0.82

Cagayan Valley 1 0.41

Masbate 1 0.41

Aklan 1 0.41

Iloilo 1 0.41

Sultan Kudarat 1 0.41

South Cotabato 1 0.41

Isabela 1 0.41

Ilocos 1 0.41

Bukidnon 1 0.41Total 243 100.00


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Interpretation

Out of 243 households surveyed, majority of their Place of Origin is in Batangas which

corresponds 79.42% or 193 of the total households. And the minority are Cagayan Valley,

Masbate, Aklan, Iloilo, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Isabela, Ilocos, and Bukidnon which all

of them corresponds to 0.41% or 1 respectively.

Analysis

The percentage of the households who originated from Batangas can be determined

through the primary dialect spoken used by the families which is Tagalog. Tagalog is the dialect

that is usually used by the people who originated from Batangas. This can also be based on

their length of residency. The data shows that most of the families are originated from Batangas

this can indicate unity within the community.


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Health Implication

Various theories account for migrations but one commonly cited theory relates to "push"

and "pull" factors. Demographic changes, low standards of living, lack of opportunities or

political oppression "push" people to leave their countries of origin. "Pull" factors are the

converse of these; demand for labor, good economic opportunities and political freedoms will

attract people to receiving countries.

Mortality rates among international immigrants can be influenced by their country of

origin, their destination and by the process of migration itself. A similar picture exists concerning

mental health, migration does not necessarily cause mental health illness, but migrants may find

the experience of migration stressful and will benifit from social support from both the already

established migration community and the host community. (Mc Kay et.al. 2003)

Source: Transcultural Health and Social Care, 2006


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TABLE # 10.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Ethnic Background in

Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009Ethnic Background Frequency Percentage

Mangyan 1 0.41

None 242 99.59

Total 243 100.00

Interpretation


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Out of 243 households surveyed, 242 o2 99.5% of them has no Ethnic Background while

the remaining 0.5% are Mangyans.

Analysis

The population in Brgy. Leynes have no Ethnic Background. Merely one household

belongs to Mangyan. These can be based from the place of origin of each family.

Health Implications

An ethnic group is a group ofhuman beings whose members identify with each other,

usually on a presumed or real common heritage. This affects the attitude of the people because

of their own beliefs and practices.

Like Mangyans eat simply using their bare hands (typical to Filipinos) and they recite a

ritual before eating. They usually consult a quack doctor or albulario or what they called Apo

for they believe that this Apo have supernatural powers to heal them leading to the betterment

of their condition and aiming for a full recovery. They use herbal plants found within their

mountainous vicinity. Being Mangyan with their cultures and styles is not easy to socialize to

other people differ from them. Sometimes, some people didnt understand what they are doing.

In health, they have their own rituals and beliefs to cure themselves.

Source: www.wikipedia.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://www.wikipedia.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://www.wikipedia.com/


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Interpretation

Majority of the households use Tagalog as their Primary Dialect which corresponds to

99% or 241 in the total households while the remaining .41% uses Ilokano and Bisaya as their

Primary Dialect.

Analysis

The higher percentage of the households using Tagalog as their Primary Dialect is

evident through the verbalization of the residents in answering on the interview. Ilokano and

Bisaya are not used by the majority of the population because it is unusual to the residents.

Only the residents who have resided from Visayas and Mindanao region have the capability of

using Ilokano and Bisaya.

Health Implication

A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by an identifiable subgroup of people.

Traditionally, linguists have applied the term dialect to geographically distinct language varieties,

but in current usage the term can include speech varieties characteristic of other socially

definable groups.

Tagalog is the dialect mainly used by the residents of Brgy. Leynes as well in the whole

province of Batangas. The province of Batangas belongs to the Tagalog region or the Region 4.

They easily socialize and express their feelings to other people using their language. Dialects of

the same language are understandable to each other.

Source:www.wikipedia.com


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IX. Socio Economic and Cultural Data

TABLE # 12.Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Highest Educational Attainment in

Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009Highest Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

High School Graduate 353 31.69

Elementary Graduate 179 16.07

Not Applicable 133 11.94

Pre-Elementary Graduate 127 11.40

College Graduate 121 10.86

College Undergraduate 67 6.01

High School Undergraduate 57 5.12

Elementary Undergraduate 47 4.22

Vocational Graduate 22 1.97No Formal Education 8 0.72

Total 1114 100.00

Interpretation


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The highest educational attainment of majority of the population is high school graduate,

which corresponds to 31.69% or 353 individuals out of 1114. Minority of the population has no

formal education, which corresponds to 0.72% or 8 individuals out of 1114.

Analysis

The higher number of high school undergraduates is reflected in the educational status

of the population. The effect is seen in the types of occupation present among the working

population of the barangay, which is Operating of Plant nursery. There is also a significant rate

of unemployment among the Barangays working population. The majority only reached high

school level while respondents who finished either a four-year course or college only account for

10.86%.

Health Implication

College graduates are more aware and knowledgeable about maintaining their health

since they attained higher level of education. They can follow the doctors prescription because

they have the provisions for their treatment, which leads to a better health.

One long-term socioeconomic outcome of importance is educational attainment.

Education has been shown to be a predictor of welfare resiliency and persistent poverty (Bane

and Ellwood, 1983). Moreover, inadequate education is one determinant of chronic

unemployment.

The majority only reached high school level while respondents who finished either a

four-year course or college only account for 10.86%. This indicates that the community has low

educational competence compared with people with higher educational background who are

more competitive, have better opportunities and have a better quality life.


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Source: www.jptos.com Yen & Moss (1999)

www.doh.com.ph


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TABLE # 13.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Educational Status

on Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009Educational Status Frequency Percentage

Stopped Studying 573 51.44

Not Applicable 231 20.74

Elementary 137 12.30

High School 83 7.45

College 61 5.48

Pre-School 29 2.60

Total 1114 100.00


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Interpretation

Majority of the population had stopped studying which corresponds to 51% or 573

individuals out of 1114. Minority of the population are children who are not yet studying

corresponding to 21% or 231 individuals out of 1114. The remaining 28% or 310 individuals are

presently studying in Pre-school, Elementary, High school or college.

Analysis

Majority of the population has stopped studying. Having a high percentage of people

who had stopped studying shows that there are possible reasons on why they cant finish their

studies **Lack of resources such as money, and time are one of the possible reason that might

have triggered them to stop studying. Moreover, some of the individuals in barangay start to

work after graduating in high school for an increase of their familys income.

Health Implications

Education, occupational status, and income are the most widely used indicators of

socioeconomic status.

Young people, who don't complete high school, face many more problems in later life

than those people who graduated. A student's decision to drop out of school has long-term

consequences that can contribute to juvenile delinquency, welfare dependency, or, in the worst

cases, prison. Lacking a high school diploma, these individuals will be far more likely to spend

their lives periodically unemployed, on government assistance, or cycling in and out of the

prison system. This situation may lead to unemployment and when people are unemployed they

will have insufficient and inadequate income to meet their basic needs.



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TABLE # 14.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Out of School Youth Ages

7 20 y/o in Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Ages Frequency Percentage

18 16 20.7820 15 19.48

19 12 15.58

17 11 14.29

16 10 12.99

15 4 5.19

13 4 5.19

14 2 2.60

12 1 1.30

8 1 1.30

7 1 1.30

Total 77 100.00

Interpretation

Out of 77 out of school youth individuals ages 7-20 years old in Brgy. Leynes,

66% or 51 of them are males while 34% or 26 of them are females.

Analysis


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Majority of the out of school youth has an age of 18. Minority is in the ages 7-12.

The age that has the most number of out of school youths is in the age of 18 because it is the

legal age for working. Many of the people in the barangay stops studying after graduating from

high school to work and earn an additional income for the family. Some of them choose to work

rather than to study for the purpose of helping the family.

Health Implication

Poverty is stated as the primary contributor to the high growth of OSY but given that low

education as the precarious employment contribute to poverty the OSY phenomenon largely

occurs among the poor which is difficult trend to escape. Often children are required to work to

support parents and younger siblings. This is particularly true for the 7-20 age groups in the

community who often have to quit school to help their parents earn money and income or do the

chores at home while their parents sought employment. The youth take responsibility of finding

a source of income to provide for the family. Most OSY generally have parents who work in

unskilled jobs resulting from a low level of education. Typically in two-parent households, the

father's job was often low-paying and self or seasonally employed. Other reasons that youth are

not attending school are because of unstable home environment, poor parenting or parental role

models, and lack of supervision or guidance at home. Naturally other negative influences like

family conflict, disability, lack of interest, and peer pressure also contribute to drop-out rates.

Source: National Statistics Office


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TABLE # 15.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Top 5 Occupations in Brgy. Leynes,

Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Plant Operator / Plant Nursery 146 35.61

Driver 30 7.32

Plant Vendor 29 7.07

Boatman 22 5.37

Tourist Guide 17 4.15


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Interpretation

The data shows that livelihood of the majority of the people in Barangay Leynes are

plant nursery/plant operator which corresponds to 35.61% or 146 while the minority works as a

tourist guide which corresponds to 4.15% or 17.

Analysis

The livelihood of the people in community are plant nursery or plant operator because

most of the community did not finish their studies and that is the common business in their

community which provided them an income. The loam type of soil in Talisay made them to have

a business of plant nursery because the plant can easily grow in that kind of soil.

Health Implications


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Agriculture affects health, and health affects agriculture. Agriculture supports health by

providing food and nutrition for the worlds people and by generating income that can be spent

on health care. Yet agricultural production and food consumption can also increase the risks of

water-related diseases (malaria) and food borne diseasesas well as health hazards linked

with specific agricultural systems and practices. Agriculture affects more on health, because it

can cause many diseases like amoebiasis because the water may be contaminated with

pesticides that accidentally mixed in the potable water in the fields.


TABLE # 16.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Status Employment

in Brgy. Leynes, Talisay, Batangas as of January 2009Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Unemployed 310 42.70

Self-employed 235 32.37

Employed Regular 116 15.98

Employed Contractual 65 8.95

Total 726 100.00
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/


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Interpretation

The data shows the employment status of individuals residing in the community. There

are 42.70% or 310 are classified under unemployed, while 8.95% or 65 are categorized as

employed but contractual.

Analysis

The data shows that most of the individuals who belong to the working age bracket are

unemployed because there are still many individuals with ages 15-19 who are still studying and

some of them dont really have a job. This can be correlated with the high percentage of those

who stopped studying and dont have their jobs and thus belong to the working age bracket.

Health Implication

Unemployment problem is of grave concern because of the resulting poverty that afflicts

the people. Physical as well as mental weakness results from malnutrition which appears to be

related to poverty and is an accompanying syndrome of unemployment. The living condition of

the unemployed may lead to stressful situation and may lead to illness, easy transmission of


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disease; injuries that can be adversely affect the reproductive health of the people. Our

economic situation plays an important role in our society because its primary aim is satisfaction

of the basic needs of the family namely food, education, clothing, shelter, transportation,

medicines and recreation.

Normally, a regular employee would enjoy the benefits of social policy in labor, which

gives them opportunity to enjoy medical services. In some cases, individuals who are not

regularly employed are less fortunate to these health opportunities. Food and housing are being

prioritized and health comes last. Individuals who dont have access to health prefer self-

medication. Others prefer traditional medication and going to the albularyo.

Source:DOH

Documents

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