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CE 515 Railroad Engineering
History of Intermodal
“Transportation exists to conquer space and time -”
What is Intermodal?
“transportation involving more than one mode of transportation during a single journey.”
• Rail• Truck• Container Ship• Barges
2
Beginnings
• Can date back to at least 1880s– Long Island Rail Road
3
Beginning of Current Intermodal
• Started with Southern Pacific in 1953
• By end of 1954 eighteen Class I railroads introduced piggybacking
• Standardization problems
4
Interstate Highway Act
• Established in 1956 • Created the interstate highway system• Increased competition from trucks
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJBpg24A6Ok
5
Trailer on Flat Car
• Trailer on Flat Car service was offered• Allowed for shippers to load product in truck trailers
and then ship by rail• Required 40 jacks and chains
6
Collapsible Trailer Hitch
• Invented in 1957 by Les Robinson• Eliminated tie-downs• Could be lowered allowing trailers to drive over it
7
1960s
• International traffic began to develop
• 1966: 1st trans-Atlantic containers transported
• Late 1960s: 1st trans-Pacific container services began
8
Land Bridge
• Moving freight across the country from a port on one coast to a port on the other coast
9
1970s
• Shift from retailer to wholesaler
• Mechanized Loading
• Double-stack car
• 4-R Railroad Act
10
1980s
• Deregulation via the Staggers Act (1980)
• Allowed railroads to change price without interference
• Become more competitive with trucks
11
Intermodal Traffic Growth
1955 1965 1970 1980 1985 1990 20060
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Year
Mill
ion
Trai
lers
and
Con
tain
ers
12