SoilMechanicsICE225CE 225

Introduction&courseoutline

1

SoilMechanics 2

Virtuallyeverystructureissupportedbysoil or rock Those that arent either flysoilorrock.Thosethataren teitherfly,

float,orfallover.

RichardL.Handy(1995)

SoilMechanics 3

Soilmechanicsisthescienceofequilibriumandmotionofsoilbodies.

Soilmechanicsisasubsetofgeotechnicalengineering.

Itinvolvestheapplicationofsoilmechanics,geology,andhydraulicstotheanalysisanddesignofgeotechnicalsystemssuchas dams,embankments,tunnels canals and water ways tunnels,canalsandwaterways,

foundationsforbridges,roads,buildings, andsolidwastedisposalsystems.p y

GeotechnicalEngineering 4

Geotechnicalengineeringisthebranchofcivil engineering that deals with soil, rock,civilengineeringthatdealswithsoil,rock,andundergroundwater,andtheirrelationto the design construction and operationtothedesign,construction,andoperation

ofengineeringprojects

SoilMechanics(SoilPropertiesandBehavior) SoilDynamics(DynamicPropertiesofSoils,EarthquakeEngineering,MachineFoundation) FoundationEngineering(Deep&ShallowFoundation) PavementEngineering(Flexible&RigidPavement)

( ) RockMechanics(RockStabilityandTunneling) Geosynthetics (SoilImprovement)

Soils 5

ConsistofParticles Particles

WaterAir

Typical3Phases

Air OrganicsOth Fl id d G OtherFluidsandGases

Typicalgeotechnicalproject 6

Geo Laboratory Design OfficeGeoLaboratoryfortesting

DesignOfficefordesign&analysis

soil properties

construction site

Shallowfoundations 7

Fortransferringbuildingloadstounderlyingground

Mostlyforfirmsoilsorlightloads

firm ground

bed rock

Deepfoundations 8

Retainingwalls 9

Forretainingsoilsfromspreadinglaterally

retaining wall

Road

Train

Retainingwalls soilnailing 10

Steelrodsplacedinto holes drilledintoholesdrilledintothewallsandgroutedgrouted

Earthdams 11

Forimpoundingwater

reservoirclay

h llcore shell

soil

Concretedams 12

reservoir concrete damconcretedam

soil

Earthworks 13

Preparingthegroundpriortoconstruction

Geofabrics 14

Usedforreinforcement,separation,filtrationanddrainageinroads,retainingwalls,embankments

Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

Sheetpiles 15

Sheetsofinterlockingsteelortimberdrivenintotheground forming a continuous sheetground,formingacontinuoussheet

warehouse

ship

sheetpile

Sheetpiles 16

Sheetpilesresistlateralearthpressures.Theseareused in excavations waterfront structuresusedinexcavations,waterfrontstructures.

Cofferdam 17

sheetpilewallsenclosinganarea,topreventwaterseeping inseepingin

Landslides 18

Shoring 19

Proppingandsupportingtheexposedwallstoresistlateralearthpressures

Tunneling 20

Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering 21

Liquefactioninducedbearingcapacityfailuresofthekawaguchicho apartmentbuildingfollowingthe1964NiigataEarthquake

Geotechnicalearthquakeengineering 22

Liquefactioninducedsettlement

Groundimprovement 23

ImpactRoller toCompacttheGround

Groundimprovement 24

Sheepfoot Roller toCompactClaySoils

Groundimprovement 25

SmoothwheeledRoller

Groundimprovement 26

Heavyweightsdroppedfrom25m,compactingtheground.

C tCratersformedincompaction

Conclusions 27

SoilMechanicsleadstomanypossibleprojectsprojects

This class provides the fundamentals to beginThisclassprovidesthefundamentalstobeginlearningtheconceptsandprojectsshownbeforebefore

Abasicunderstandingofsoilmechanicsisgnecessaryforallcivilengineers

28SomeunsungheroesofCivilEngineering

buriedrightunderyourfeet.

foundations

soil explorationsoil explorationtunnels

Courseoutline 29

Originofsoilandgrainsize(4Lectures) Weightvolume relationships plasticity and structureWeight volumerelationships,plasticityandstructureofsoil(3Lectures)

Engineering classification of soil (1 Lecture)Engineeringclassificationofsoil(1Lecture) Soilcompaction(2Lectures) Permeability (1 Lecture)Permeability(1Lecture) Seepage(2Lectures) Stresses in soil (2 Lectures) Stressesinsoil(2Lectures) Shearstrengthofsoil(2Lectures)

Practicals 30

Sieveanalysis Hydrometeranalysis

S ifi it Specificgravity Moisturecontentdetermination Atterberg limits Atterberg limits Fieldidentificationtests Permeabilitybyconstantandvariableheady y AASHTOandmodifiedAASHTOtest Densityinsitubysandreplacementandrubberballoon

h dmethod

Directsheartest Unconfined compression test Unconfinedcompressiontest Triaxial test