CE421 Lesson 2 Transportation Systems

8/3/2019 CE421 Lesson 2 Transportation Systems

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Infrastructure

roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals andpipelines, and terminals such as airports, railwaystations, bus stations, warehouses, truckingterminals, refueling depots, and seaport

Vehicle

automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks,people, helicopters, and aircraft.

Operations procedures, financing, legalities and policies

Vehicle

Route or path

Terminal facilities

Prime Mover

Transit time and cost

Cargo



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Transportation Systems

The dimension of vehicles, its capacity andtype are some of the factors, which influencethe selection of a transport system for movement of goods from one place to theother Road transport - capacity, moving dimensions, and

speed of the vehicle are very important

Rail transport - line capacity, type and generalavailability of wagons

Water transport - size, speed and type of ship to beused are very important

Air transport – speed and handling is of greatimportance



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surface roads, navigable waterways androadways

determinant of effectiveness of variousmodes of transport

determines the speed, cost, and capacityof transportation

routes must have adequate capacity to

absorb traffic demand congestion of routes may lead to higher

maintenance cost, accident and delays

Facilities for loading & unloading of goods

Facilities for boarding & alighting of pax

Facilities also affect the cost oftransportation

Adequate storage. L/UL, marshalling yards,weighing equipment, security check

Adequate waiting area, pax information,ticketing, security check



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power utilized for moving of vehicles for transportation of cargo from one place toanother

Prime mover also dictate the level of serviceoutcomes

time element is a valid factor for determining the effectiveness of aparticular mode of transport

cost is an essential element of transportinggoods from one place to another



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involves movement of cargo from oneplace to another

nature and size of cargo constitute the basisof any goods transport system

choosing a mode of transportation is theleast cost per unit weight / volume of theproduct moved over a unit distance



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Economy of scale is the cost per unit weightdecreases as the size of the shipment increases

Cost decreases because the fixed cost of the carrier isallocated over a larger weight of shipment

Economy of distance is the cost per unit weightdecreases as distance increases

Longer distances allow fixed cost of the carrier to bespread over more miles, lowering the per mile charge

Goal is to maximize the size of the load anddistance shipped while still meeting serviceexpectations

For the transportation managers, cost,speed and reliability are the most importantfactors while selecting from amongst theavailable transportation options

Preference of vehicles depends on factors

like safety, cost, speed, travel time andoperating characteristics

What is important to you in transportation?



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Speed is the elapsed movement time fromorigin to destination

Availability is ability of a mode to serviceany given pair of locations

Dependability is the potential variance fromexpected delivery schedule

Capability is the ability to handle any loadsize or configuration

Frequency is the quantity of scheduledmovements a mode can handle

'Lowest number is best



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Small to medium shipments

Heavily used for high value andinternational shipments

Cost is relatively high

Advantages are speed and ability tohandle fragile freight



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Used occasionally for small shipments oflarge items into rural areas

Used for mostly bulk cargo





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Oil, gas and some other type ofcommodities

Efficient in long hauls

In-transit privilages



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Offers flexibility and speed

Do not require terminals and fixedadministrative cost are spread over moreweight

Accounts to majority of tonnage

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Documents

CE421 Lesson 2 Transportation Systems